JavaScript 设计模式 - 工具函数
1、类式继承,模拟面向对象语言的继承方式
function extend(subClass, superClass) {
var F = function() {};
F.prototype = superClass.prototype;
subClass.prototype = new F();
subClass.prototype.constructor = subClass;
subClass.superclass = superClass.prototype;
if(superClass.prototype.constructor == Object.prototype.constructor) {
superClass.prototype.constructor = superClass;
}
}
2、克隆,实现原型式继承,是 JavaScript 中独有的以对象为蓝本的继承方式
function clone(object) {
var F = function() {};
F.prototype = object;
return new F();
}
3、JavaScript 中模拟面向对象语言接口(Interface)的实现方式
// 首先,声明 Interface 构造函数
var Interface = function(name, methods) {
if(arguments.length != 2) {
throw new Error("Interface constructor called with " + arguments.length
+ " arguments, bue expected exactly 2.");
}
this.name = name;
this.methods = [];
for(var i = 0, len = methods.length; i < len; i++) {
if(typeof methods[i] !== 'string') {
throw new Error("Interface constructor expects method names to be "
+ "passed in as a string.");
}
this.methods.push(methods[i]);
}
}
// 为 Interface 定义一个类方法,用于检测 object 对象是否实现了指定接口的方法?
Interface.ensureImplements = function(object) {
if(arguments.length < 2) {
throw new Error("Function Interface.ensureImplements called with "
+ arguments.length + " arguments, bue expected at least 2.");
}
for(var i = 1, len = arguments.length; i < len; i++) {
var interface = arguments[i];
if(interface.constructor !== Interface) {
throw new Error("Function Interface.ensureImplements expects arguments "
+ "two and above to be instances of Interface.");
}
for(var j = 0, methodsLen = interface.methods.length; j < methodsLen; j++) {
var method = interface.methods[j];
if(!object[method] || typeof method !== 'function') {
throw new Error("Function Interface.ensureImplements: object "
+ "does not implement the " + interface.name
+ " interface. Method " + method + " was not found.");
}
}
}
};
/// 以下为示例 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// 声明接口,只需声明,无需实现
var Composite = new Interface('Composite', ['add', 'remove', 'getChild']);
// 声明接口,只需声明,无需实现
var FormItem = new Interface('FormItem', ['save']);
// 声明实现的类
function MenuItem(id, method, action) {
...
this.show = function(object) {
Interface.ensureImplements(this, [Composite, MenuItem]);
// 保证类对象实现了 Composite, MenuItem 接口,才能执行下面的逻辑
...
}
...
}