linux下安装oracle的一些坑
linux下安装oracle ,按的我想吐血,总结一下
1.创建oracle用户与相关用户组
在linux用户下:
su - root
然后输入密码
first:安装软件包
root# apt-get install elfutils libaio1 libaio-dev libstdc++6-4.4-dev numactl pdksh sysstat unixODBC-dev unixODBC build-essential libaio1 gawk ksh libmotif3 alien libtool
Create and prepare Oracle user:
root# addgroup oinstall root# addgroup dba root# useradd -g oinstall -G dba -p password -d /home/oracle -s /bin/bash oracle root# mkdir /home/oracle root# chown -R oracle:dba /home/oracle
修改并且添加 sysctl.conf:
root# vi /etc/sysctl.conf # Oracle 12c entries fs.aio-max-nr=1048576 fs.file-max=6815744 kernel.shmall=2097152 kernel.shmmni=4096 kernel.sem=250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default=262144 net.core.rmem_max=4194304 net.core.wmem_default=262144 net.core.wmem_max=1048586 kernel.shmmax=1073741824
然后:
root# sysctl -p
修改并添加:/etc/security/limits.conf
root# vi /etc/security/limits.conf #Oracle 12c oracle soft nproc 2048 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536
如果你之前有掉坑的经历,已经添加过用户了,可以使用id oracle
命令核查oracle用户是否配置完善:看Oracle是否属于oinstall
和dba
用户组
下载安装包:
软件包官网下载链接如下:
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html
官方提供的文档链接如下:
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/documentation/index.html
记得必须两个文件都要下载,必须必须啊,不然后面就得重新安装
下载完成后,解压就不用多说了吧
在这这前需要注意:
/home/oracle_11/app/win64_11gR2_database_2of2\database\stage\Components 中的 4个文件 复制(剪切应该也可以,没试过)到
/home/oracle_11/app/win64_11gR2_database_1of2\database\stage\Components 中,
这一部如果忘了就会出现:
未找到wfmlrsvcapp.ear,切记切记!
然后执行:
切换到oracle
su - oracle
./runInstaller
欢迎进坑..ok!
这样会出现问题1的情况
然后重新开一个终端 ctrl +alt+T
执行:
tail -f /home/oracle_11/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2018-09-09_11-54-45PM.log
此命令用于追踪日志状态,具体错误信息都在里面!不同人日志不一样,需要注意
首先问题1:
Starting Oracle Universal Installer... Checking Temp space: must be greater than120 MB. Actual 9049 MB Passed Checking swap space: must be greater than150 MB. Actual 1999 MB Passed Checking monitor: must be configured todisplay at least 256 colors >>> Could not execute auto checkfor display colors using command /usr/bin/xdpyinfo. Check if the DISPLAYvariable is set. Failed<<<< Some requirement checks failed. You mustfulfill these requirements before continuing with the installation, Continue? (y/n) [n] User Selected: No Exiting Oracle Universal Installer, log forthis session can be found at /tmp/OraInstall2012-04-13_09-12-43PM/installActions2012-04-13_09-12-43PM.log
安装开始出现的问题:
解决方法:
在中注销用户并重启切换到oracle用户登录,就可以执行了
问题2:
INFO: Start output from spawned process: INFO: ---------------------------------- INFO: INFO: /oracle/base/dbhome_1/bin/genclntsh INFO: /usr/bin/ld: cannot find /usr/lib64/libpthread_nonshared.a inside INFO: collect2: ld returned 1 exit status INFO: genclntsh: Failed to link libclntshcore.so.12.1 INFO: make: *** [client_sharedlib] Error 1 INFO: End output from spawned process. INFO: ---------------------------------- INFO: Exception thrown from action: make Exception Name: MakefileException Exception String: Error in invoking target 'client_sharedlib' of makefile '/oracle/base/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/ins_rdbms.mk'. See '/oracle/oraInventory/logs/installActions2013-09-19_08-51-51AM.log' for details. Exception Severity: 1
看问题:
INFO: /usr/bin/ld: cannot find /usr/lib64/libpthread_nonshared.a inside(64位)
INFO: /usr/bin/ld: cannot find /usr/lib/libpthread_nonshared.a inside(32位)
解决方法:
root:~# locate libpthread_nonshared /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libpthread_nonshared.a /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread_nonshared.a
其中locate查看哪儿存在 libpthread_nonshared.a,然后发现两个地方都有,但是/usr/lib64或者/usr/lib没有
套路一(64位):
root:~# ln -s /usr/lib /usr/lib/lib64
root:~# ln /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread_nonshared.a /usr/lib64/libpthread_nonshared.a
套路二(32/64 bit)
cp /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libpthread_nonshared.a /usr/lib/
没有嘛,我补上还不行嘛!
问题3:
INFO: /oracle/base/dbhome_1/bin/genclntsh INFO: /usr/bin/ld: cannot find /usr/lib64/libc_nonshared.a inside collect2: INFO: ld returned 1 exit status INFO: genclntsh: Failed to link libclntshcore.so.12.1 make: *** [client_sharedlib] Error 1 INFO: End output from spawned process. INFO: ---------------------------------- INFO: Exception thrown from action: make Exception Name: MakefileException Exception String: Error in invoking target 'client_sharedlib' of makefile '/oracle/base/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/ins_rdbms.mk'. See '/oracle/oraInventory/logs/installActions2013-09-19_08-51-51AM.log' for details. Exception Severity: 1
这个问题和问题2差不太多,解决思路一样
解决方法
套路一:(64位)
root:~# locate libc_nonshared.a /usr/lib/libc_nonshared.a /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a root:~# ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a /usr/lib64 root:~# ls -l /usr/lib64/libc_nonshared.a lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 42 Sep 19 10:53 /usr/lib64/libc_nonshared.a -> /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a
套路二:(通杀)
32位:
cp /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a /usr/lib
64位:
cp /usr/lib/libc_nonshared.a /usr/lib64
问题3:
lib//libagtsh.so: undefined reference to `nnfyboot' in make: rdbms/lib/dg4odbc] Error 1
解决办法:
su root
sudo ln -sf /bin/bash /bin/sh
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/awk /bin/awk
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/rpm /bin/rpm
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/basename /bin/basename
su oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
sudo ln -s $ORACLE_HOME/lib/libclient11.a $ORACLE_HOME/lib/libagtsh.a
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/genagtsh $ORACLE_HOME/lib/libagtsh.so 1.0
问题4:
INFO: /usr/bin/ld: /oracle/base/dbhome_1/lib//libagtsh.so: undefined reference to symbol 'ssMemRealloc' /usr/bin/ld: note: 'ssMemRealloc' is defined in DSO /oracle/base/dbhome_1/lib//libclntshcore.so so try adding it to the linker command line /oracle/base/dbhome_1/lib//libclntshcore.so: could not read symbols: Invalid operation INFO: collect2: ld returned 1 exit status INFO: make: *** [/oracle/base/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/hsots] Error 1 INFO: End output from spawned process. INFO: ---------------------------------- INFO: Exception thrown from action: make Exception Name: MakefileException Exception String: Error in invoking target 'all_no_orcl' of makefile '/oracle/base/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/ins_rdbms.mk'. See '/oracle/oraInventory/logs/installActions2013-09-19_08-51-51AM.log' for details. Exception Severity: 1
Let’s see:
INFO: /usr/bin/ld:
/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/libagtsh.so: undefined reference to symbol 'ssMemRealloc
解决方法:
oracle$ cd /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 oracle$dbhome_1/lib$ ldd libnnz12.so linux-vdso.so.1 => (0x00007fff759d9000) libclntshcore.so.12.1 => not found libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007f324050f000) /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f3240ff5000)
由上可知:
libclntshcore.so.12.1 => not found
libclntshcore.so.12.1没有,要嘛直接安装,如果存在就链接或者拷贝
一般解决办法
root# ln -s /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/libclntsh.so.12.1 /usr/lib
root# ls -l /usr/lib/libclntsh.so.12.1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 43 Sep 19 11:20 /usr/lib/libclntsh.so.12.1->/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/libclntsh.so.12.1
请记住用ldd和locate的命令....ok
问题5:
INFO: make[1]: *** [/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/sysman/lib/emdctl] Error 1 INFO: make[1]: Leaving directory `/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/sysman/lib' INFO: make: *** [emdctl] Error 2 INFO: End output from spawned process. INFO: ---------------------------------- INFO: Exception thrown from action: make Exception Name: MakefileException Exception String: Error in invoking target 'agent nmhs' of makefile '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk'.
解决办法:
vi $ORACLE_HOME/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk
搜索以下行:
$(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL)
改变为:
$(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL) -lnnz11
问题6:
Error in invoking target 'all_no_orcl' of makefile '/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/ins_rdbms.mk'. See '/opt/oraInventory/logs/installActions2016-03-19_02-37-44PM.log' for details.
INFO: /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/genorasdksh: Failed to link liborasdk.so.11.1
INFO: make: *** [liborasdksh] Error 1
INFO: End output from spawned process.
INFO: ----------------------------------
INFO: Exception thrown from action: make
Exception Name: MakefileException
Exception String: Error in invoking target 'all_no_orcl' of makefile '/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/ins_rdbms.mk'. See '/opt/oraInventory/logs/installActions2016-03-19_02-37-44PM.log' for details.
解决办法:
缺少编译参数
-Wl,--no-as-needed
执行下面的命令即可
sed -i 's/^\(TNSLSNR_LINKLINE.*\$(TNSLSNR_OFILES)\) \(\$(LINKTTLIBS)\) /\1 -Wl,--no-as-needed \2/g' $ORACLE_HOME/network/lib/env_network.mk sed -i 's/^\(ORACLE_LINKLINE.*\$(ORACLE_LINKER)\) \(\$(PL_FLAGS)\) /\1 -Wl,--no-as-needed \2 /g' $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib/env_rdbms.mk sed -i 's/^\(\$LD \$LD_RUNTIME\) \(\$LD_OPT\)/\1 -Wl,--no-as-needed \2 /g' $ORACLE_HOME/bin/genorasdksh sed -i 's/^\(\s*\) \(\$(OCRLIBS_DEFAULT)\) /\1 -Wl,--no-as-needed \2 /g' $ORACLE_HOME/srvm/lib/ins_srvm.mk
有人可能看不懂这个命令
大概解释一下: sed命令很强大
sed -i 's/text1/text2/g' file 把file中的text1替换成特效text2并写入文件
^ 表示开头
\ 转义
\s匹配空格、制表符、换行、回车,也就是\s其实也匹配\n(多行模式的每行结尾)
\s*就是有0到n个空格或\n
保存匹配的字符,如 sed -n 's/\(love\)able/\1rs/p'
loveable被替换成lovers。 sed 's/keywords\(pattern1\)\(pattern2\)/\1\2/ #匹配keywords(pattern1)(pattern2),并将其替换为pattern2和pattern1匹配到的内容,
其中\1匹配第一部分pattern1,\2匹配第二部分pattern2,即他们保持原样替换
之前的命令都可以测试一下在换成上面的
sed -n 's/^\(TNSLSNR_LINKLINE.*\$(TNSLSNR_OFILES)\) \(\$(LINKTTLIBS)\) /\1 -Wl,--no-as-needed \2/gp' $ORACLE_HOME/network/lib/env_network.mk sed -n 's/^\(ORACLE_LINKLINE.*\$(ORACLE_LINKER)\) \(\$(PL_FLAGS)\) /\1 -Wl,--no-as-needed \2 /gp' $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib/env_rdbms.mk sed -n 's/^\(\$LD \$LD_RUNTIME\) \(\$LD_OPT\)/\1 -Wl,--no-as-needed \2 /gp' $ORACLE_HOME/bin/genorasdksh sed -n 's/^\(\s*\) \(\$(OCRLIBS_DEFAULT)\) /\1 -Wl,--no-as-needed \2 /gp' $ORACLE_HOME/srvm/lib/ins_srvm.mk
可以逐条测试,他会打印替换的内容,这样你就知道干了什么事
其他的记住多ldd,多locate,缺啥补啥
还有问题可以参考下面的博客:
https://www.cnblogs.com/exmyth/p/9048941.html
https://blog.csdn.net/zhongyifly/article/details/42610399
好了,如果还有问题,度娘来帮你,臣妾真的办不到啊......……