c++新特性---lambda表达式

#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <functional>
#include <vector>
#include <numeric>
#include <array>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdio>
using namespace  std;
//解决函数嵌套问题
int main1()
{
    //[]{cout << "hello lambda"; }();//匿名lambda表达式，（）最后的括号起到调用作用

    auto fun = []{cout << "hello lambda"; };//函数指针
    fun();//调用

}
int main2()
{
    //{} 函数体，执行
    //()参数列表，{}函数体，()调用
    //[](char* str){cout << str << endl; }("huahaua");
    auto fun = [](char* str){cout << str << endl; };
    fun("fangfang");
    cout << typeid(fun).name() << endl;//本质对类的封装
    cout << (void*)fun << endl;//lambda 不可以直接取地址，无法当做函数指针

}
int main3()
{
    auto fun = [](double a, double b){return a + b; };
    cout << fun(10,19.1)<<endl;
    //->在(){}之间，指定返回值类型
    auto fun1 = [](double a, double b)->int{return a + b; };
    cout << fun1(10, 19.1) << endl;
    //内联展开，无法取出地址


    //->decltype(a+b)类型推理
    auto fun2 = [](double a, double b)->decltype(a+b) {return a + b; };
    cout << fun2(10, 19.1) << endl;

}
int main()
{

    int num = 100;
    auto fun = [](int num){num = 5; cout << num << endl; }；
    fun(num)；//遵循副本机制，是复制
    cout << "main:" << num << endl;
}

 

例2：

#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <functional>
#include <vector>
#include <numeric>
#include <array>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdio>
using namespace  std;
//lambda表达式主要解决代码的内嵌，CPP支持lambda表达式
//[]()multable->int{}();//匿名表达式
//[] =引用，只能读，不能改 =mutable读原本改副本，&读写原本
//()参数，int a,int b
//{}语句实现，（）调用
//->指定返回值
//c11不支持auto.c14支持
int main1()
{
    int num1 = 100, num2 = 99;
    //=只能读外部变量，不可以写
    //[=](){num1 = 20, num2 = 30; cout << num1 << num2 << endl; }();
    
    //& 可以读写外部变量
    [&](){num1 = 20, num2 = 30; cout << num1 << num2 << endl; }();    
    
    //=加mutable，把外部变量作为副本进行修改，不影响外部变量
    [=]()mutable{num1 = 20, num2 = 30; cout << num1 << num2 << endl; }();
    cout << "main:"<<num1 << "   " << num2 << endl;
    system("pause");
    
}
int main2()
{

    int a = 10, b = 9, c = 8;
    //&a，可读可写，b,c只能读
    //[&a,b,c](){a=111,cout << a << b << c << endl; }();
    //a,b,c 只能读
    //[a, b, c](){a = 111, cout << a << b << c << endl; }()
    //mutable副本，能读写，读的是原本，写的是副本
    [a, b, c]()mutable{a = 111, b = 123, c = 321, cout << a << b << c << endl; }();
    //[=]只能指定全部

}
int main3()
{
    //只适用于vs2015
    [](auto a, auto b){cout << a + b << endl; }(10,11);//c++14推理数据类型
    [](auto a, auto b){cout << a + b << endl; }(10.8, 11);
    [](auto a=0, auto b=0){cout << a + b << endl; }(10.8, 11);
    [](int a = 0, int b = 0){cout << a + b << endl; }(10.8, 11);

}
int main()
{
    array<int, 10> myint{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 };//cpp风格数值
    for_each(myint.begin(), myint.end(), [](int num){cout << num << " "; });//显示数值
    for_each(myint.begin(), myint.end(), [](int& num){num + 1, cout << num << " "; });//修改
    for_each(myint.begin(), myint.end(), [](int num){cout << num << " "; });//显示修改后的值
}