【转】RocketMQ事务消费和顺序消费详解

RocketMQ事务消费和顺序消费详解

转载说明:该文章纯转载,若有侵权或给原作者造成不便望告知,仅供学习参考。

一、RocketMq有3中消息类型

1.普通消费

2. 顺序消费

3.事务消费

  • 顺序消费场景

在网购的时候,我们需要下单,那么下单需要假如有三个顺序,第一、创建订单 ,第二:订单付款,第三:订单完成。也就是这个三个环节要有顺序,这个订单才有意义。RocketMQ可以保证顺序消费。

  • rocketMq实现顺序消费的原理

 produce在发送消息的时候,把消息发到同一个队列(queue)中,消费者注册消息监听器为MessageListenerOrderly,这样就可以保证消费端只有一个线程去消费消息

注意:是把把消息发到同一个队列(queue),不是同一个topic,默认情况下一个topic包括4个queue

单个节点(Producer端1个、Consumer端1个)

1、Producer.java 

复制代码
package order;  
  
import java.util.List;  
  
import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.exception.MQBrokerException;  
import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.exception.MQClientException;  
import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.producer.DefaultMQProducer;  
import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.producer.MessageQueueSelector;  
import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.producer.SendResult;  
import com.alibaba.rocketmq.common.message.Message;  
import com.alibaba.rocketmq.common.message.MessageQueue;  
import com.alibaba.rocketmq.remoting.exception.RemotingException;  
  
/** 
 * Producer,发送顺序消息 
 */  
public class Producer {  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        try {  
            DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("order_Producer");  
            producer.setNamesrvAddr("192.168.100.145:9876;192.168.100.146:9876;192.168.100.149:9876;192.168.100.239:9876");  
  
            producer.start();  
  
            // String[] tags = new String[] { "TagA", "TagB", "TagC", "TagD",  
            // "TagE" };  
  
            for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {  
  
                Message msg = new Message("TopicOrderTest", "order_1", "KEY" + i, ("order_1 " + i).getBytes());  
  
                SendResult sendResult = producer.send(msg, new MessageQueueSelector() {  
                    public MessageQueue select(List<MessageQueue> mqs, Message msg, Object arg) {  
                        Integer id = (Integer) arg;  
                        int index = id % mqs.size();  
                        return mqs.get(index);  
                    }  
                }, 0);  
  
                System.out.println(sendResult);  
            }  
  
            producer.shutdown();  
        } catch (MQClientException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (RemotingException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (MQBrokerException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
    }  
}  
复制代码

2、Consumer.java

复制代码
package order;   
import java.util.List;  
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;  
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;   
import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.consumer.DefaultMQPushConsumer;  
import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeOrderlyContext;  
import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeOrderlyStatus;  
import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.MessageListenerOrderly;  
import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.exception.MQClientException;  
import com.alibaba.rocketmq.common.consumer.ConsumeFromWhere;  
import com.alibaba.rocketmq.common.message.MessageExt;  
  
/** 
 * 顺序消息消费,带事务方式(应用可控制Offset什么时候提交) 
 */  
public class Consumer1 {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException {  
        DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("order_Consumer");  
        consumer.setNamesrvAddr("192.168.100.145:9876;192.168.100.146:9876;192.168.100.149:9876;192.168.100.239:9876");  
  
        /** 
         * 设置Consumer第一次启动是从队列头部开始消费还是队列尾部开始消费<br> 
         * 如果非第一次启动,那么按照上次消费的位置继续消费 
         */  
        consumer.setConsumeFromWhere(ConsumeFromWhere.CONSUME_FROM_FIRST_OFFSET);  
  
        consumer.subscribe("TopicOrderTest", "*");  
  
        consumer.registerMessageListener(new MessageListenerOrderly() {  
            AtomicLong consumeTimes = new AtomicLong(0);  
  
            public ConsumeOrderlyStatus consumeMessage(List<MessageExt> msgs, ConsumeOrderlyContext context) {  
                // 设置自动提交  
                context.setAutoCommit(true);  
                for (MessageExt msg : msgs) {  
                    System.out.println(msg + ",内容:" + new String(msg.getBody()));  
                }  
  
                try {  
                    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5L);  
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
  
                    e.printStackTrace();  
                }  
                ;  
  
                return ConsumeOrderlyStatus.SUCCESS;  
            }  
        });  
  
        consumer.start();  
  
        System.out.println("Consumer1 Started.");  
    }  
  
}  
复制代码

结果如下图所示:

这个五条数据被顺序消费了

  • 多个节点(Producer端1个、Consumer端2个)

Producer.java

复制代码
package order;  
  
import java.util.List;  
  
import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.exception.MQBrokerException;  
import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.exception.MQClientException;  
import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.producer.DefaultMQProducer;  
import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.producer.MessageQueueSelector;  
import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.producer.SendResult;  
import com.alibaba.rocketmq.common.message.Message;  
import com.alibaba.rocketmq.common.message.MessageQueue;  
import com.alibaba.rocketmq.remoting.exception.RemotingException;  
  
/** 
 * Producer,发送顺序消息 
 */  
public class Producer {  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        try {  
            DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("order_Producer");  
            producer.setNamesrvAddr("192.168.100.145:9876;192.168.100.146:9876;192.168.100.149:9876;192.168.100.239:9876");  
  
            producer.start();  
  
            // String[] tags = new String[] { "TagA", "TagB", "TagC", "TagD",  
            // "TagE" };  
  
            for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {  
  
                Message msg = new Message("TopicOrderTest", "order_1", "KEY" + i, ("order_1 " + i).getBytes());  
  
                SendResult sendResult = producer.send(msg, new MessageQueueSelector() {  
                    public MessageQueue select(List<MessageQueue> mqs, Message msg, Object arg) {  
                        Integer id = (Integer) arg;  
                        int index = id % mqs.size();  
                        return mqs.get(index);  
                    }  
                }, 0);  
  
                System.out.println(sendResult);  
            }  
            for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {  
  
                Message msg = new Message("TopicOrderTest", "order_2", "KEY" + i, ("order_2 " + i).getBytes());  
  
                SendResult sendResult = producer.send(msg, new MessageQueueSelector() {  
                    public MessageQueue select(List<MessageQueue> mqs, Message msg, Object arg) {  
                        Integer id = (Integer) arg;  
                        int index = id % mqs.size();  
                        return mqs.get(index);  
                    }  
                }, 1);  
  
                System.out.println(sendResult);  
            }  
            for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {  
  
                Message msg = new Message("TopicOrderTest", "order_3", "KEY" + i, ("order_3 " + i).getBytes());  
  
                SendResult sendResult = producer.send(msg, new MessageQueueSelector() {  
                    public MessageQueue select(List<MessageQueue> mqs, Message msg, Object arg) {  
                        Integer id = (Integer) arg;  
                        int index = id % mqs.size();  
                        return mqs.get(index);  
                    }  
                }, 2);  
  
                System.out.println(sendResult);  
            }  
  
            producer.shutdown();  
        } catch (MQClientException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (RemotingException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (MQBrokerException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
    }  
}  
复制代码

Consumer1.java

 
复制代码
/** 
 * 顺序消息消费,带事务方式(应用可控制Offset什么时候提交) 
 */  
public class Consumer1 {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException {  
        DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("order_Consumer");  
        consumer.setNamesrvAddr("192.168.100.145:9876;192.168.100.146:9876;192.168.100.149:9876;192.168.100.239:9876");  
  
        /** 
         * 设置Consumer第一次启动是从队列头部开始消费还是队列尾部开始消费<br> 
         * 如果非第一次启动,那么按照上次消费的位置继续消费 
         */  
        consumer.setConsumeFromWhere(ConsumeFromWhere.CONSUME_FROM_FIRST_OFFSET);  
  
        consumer.subscribe("TopicOrderTest", "*");  
          
        /** 
         * 实现了MessageListenerOrderly表示一个队列只会被一个线程取到  
         *,第二个线程无法访问这个队列 
         */  
        consumer.registerMessageListener(new MessageListenerOrderly() {  
            AtomicLong consumeTimes = new AtomicLong(0);  
  
            public ConsumeOrderlyStatus consumeMessage(List<MessageExt> msgs, ConsumeOrderlyContext context) {  
                // 设置自动提交  
                context.setAutoCommit(true);  
                for (MessageExt msg : msgs) {  
                    System.out.println(msg + ",内容:" + new String(msg.getBody()));  
                }  
  
                try {  
                    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5L);  
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
  
                    e.printStackTrace();  
                }  
                ;  
  
                return ConsumeOrderlyStatus.SUCCESS;  
            }  
        });  
  
        consumer.start();  
  
        System.out.println("Consumer1 Started.");  
    }  
  
}  
复制代码

Consumer2.java

复制代码
/** 
 * 顺序消息消费,带事务方式(应用可控制Offset什么时候提交) 
 */  
public class Consumer2 {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException {  
        DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("order_Consumer");  
        consumer.setNamesrvAddr("192.168.100.145:9876;192.168.100.146:9876;192.168.100.149:9876;192.168.100.239:9876");  
  
        /** 
         * 设置Consumer第一次启动是从队列头部开始消费还是队列尾部开始消费<br> 
         * 如果非第一次启动,那么按照上次消费的位置继续消费 
         */  
        consumer.setConsumeFromWhere(ConsumeFromWhere.CONSUME_FROM_FIRST_OFFSET);  
  
        consumer.subscribe("TopicOrderTest", "*");  
          
        /** 
         * 实现了MessageListenerOrderly表示一个队列只会被一个线程取到  
         *,第二个线程无法访问这个队列 
         */  
        consumer.registerMessageListener(new MessageListenerOrderly() {  
            AtomicLong consumeTimes = new AtomicLong(0);  
  
            public ConsumeOrderlyStatus consumeMessage(List<MessageExt> msgs, ConsumeOrderlyContext context) {  
                // 设置自动提交  
                context.setAutoCommit(true);  
                for (MessageExt msg : msgs) {  
                    System.out.println(msg + ",内容:" + new String(msg.getBody()));  
                }  
  
                try {  
                    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5L);  
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
  
                    e.printStackTrace();  
                }  
                ;  
  
                return ConsumeOrderlyStatus.SUCCESS;  
            }  
        });  
  
        consumer.start();  
  
        System.out.println("Consumer2 Started.");  
    }  
  
}  
复制代码

先启动Consumer1和Consumer2,然后启动Producer,Producer会发送15条消息
Consumer1消费情况如图,都按照顺序执行了




Consumer2消费情况如图,都按照顺序执行了

二、事务消费

这里说的主要是分布式事物。下面的例子的数据库分别安装在不同的节点上。

事物消费需要先说说什么是事务。比如说:我们跨行转账,从工商银行转到建设银行,也就是我从工商银行扣除1000元之后,我的建设银行也必须加1000元。这样才能保证数据的一致性。假如工商银行转1000元之后,建设银行的服务器突然宕机,那么我扣除了1000,但是并没有在建设银行给我加1000,就出现了数据的不一致。因此加1000和减1000才行,减1000和减1000必须一起成功,一起失败。

再比如,我们进行网购的时候,我们下单之后,订单提交成功,仓库商品的数量必须减一。但是订单可能是一个数据库,仓库数量可能又是在另个数据库里面。有可能订单提交成功之后,仓库数量服务器突然宕机。这样也出现了数据不一致的问题。

使用消息队列来解决分布式事物:

现在我们去外面饭店吃饭,很多时候都不会直接给了钱之后直接在付款的窗口递饭菜,而是付款之后他会给你一张小票,你拿着这个小票去出饭的窗口取饭。这里和我们的系统类似,提高了吞吐量。即使你到第二个窗口,师傅告诉你已经没饭了,你可以拿着这个凭证去退款,即使中途由于出了意外你无法到达窗口进行取饭,但是只要凭证还在,可以将钱退给你。这样就保证了数据的一致性。

如何保证凭证(消息)有2种方法:

1、在工商银行扣款的时候,余额表扣除1000,同时记录日志,而且这2个表是在同一个数据库实例中,可以使用本地事物解决。然后我们通知建设银行需要加1000给该用户,建设银行收到之后给我返回已经加了1000给用户的确认信息之后,我再标记日志表里面的日志为已经完成。

2、通过消息中间件

原文地址:http://www.jianshu.com/p/453c6e7ff81c

 

RocketMQ第一阶段发送Prepared消息时,会拿到消息的地址,第二阶段执行本地事物,第三阶段通过第一阶段拿到的地址去访问消息,并修改消息的状态。

细心的你可能又发现问题了,如果确认消息发送失败了怎么办?RocketMQ会定期扫描消息集群中的事物消息,如果发现了Prepared消息,它会向消息发送端(生产者)确认,Bob的钱到底是减了还是没减呢?如果减了是回滚还是继续发送确认消息呢?RocketMQ会根据发送端设置的策略来决定是回滚还是继续发送确认消息。这样就保证了消息发送与本地事务同时成功或同时失败。

例子:

Consumer.java

 

 

复制代码
package transaction;  
  
import java.util.List;  
  
import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.consumer.DefaultMQPushConsumer;  
import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeConcurrentlyContext;  
import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus;  
import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.MessageListenerConcurrently;  
import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.exception.MQClientException;  
import com.alibaba.rocketmq.common.consumer.ConsumeFromWhere;  
import com.alibaba.rocketmq.common.message.MessageExt;  
  
/** 
 * Consumer,订阅消息 
 */  
public class Consumer {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, MQClientException {  
        DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("transaction_Consumer");  
        consumer.setNamesrvAddr("192.168.100.145:9876;192.168.100.146:9876;192.168.100.149:9876;192.168.100.239:9876");  
        consumer.setConsumeMessageBatchMaxSize(10);  
        /** 
         * 设置Consumer第一次启动是从队列头部开始消费还是队列尾部开始消费<br> 
         * 如果非第一次启动,那么按照上次消费的位置继续消费 
         */  
        consumer.setConsumeFromWhere(ConsumeFromWhere.CONSUME_FROM_FIRST_OFFSET);  
  
        consumer.subscribe("TopicTransactionTest", "*");  
  
        consumer.registerMessageListener(new MessageListenerConcurrently() {  
  
            public ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus consumeMessage(List<MessageExt> msgs, ConsumeConcurrentlyContext context) {  
  
                try {  
  
                    for (MessageExt msg : msgs) {  
                        System.out.println(msg + ",内容:" + new String(msg.getBody()));  
                    }  
  
                } catch (Exception e) {  
                    e.printStackTrace();  
  
                    return ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.RECONSUME_LATER;// 重试  
  
                }  
  
                return ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.CONSUME_SUCCESS;// 成功  
            }  
        });  
  
        consumer.start();  
  
        System.out.println("transaction_Consumer Started.");  
    }  
}  
复制代码

Producer.java

 

  

复制代码
package transaction;  
  
import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.exception.MQClientException;  
import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.producer.SendResult;  
import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.producer.TransactionCheckListener;  
import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.producer.TransactionMQProducer;  
import com.alibaba.rocketmq.common.message.Message;  
  
/** 
 * 发送事务消息例子 
 *  
 */  
public class Producer {  
    public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException, InterruptedException {  
  
        TransactionCheckListener transactionCheckListener = new TransactionCheckListenerImpl();  
        TransactionMQProducer producer = new TransactionMQProducer("transaction_Producer");  
        producer.setNamesrvAddr("192.168.100.145:9876;192.168.100.146:9876;192.168.100.149:9876;192.168.100.239:9876");  
        // 事务回查最小并发数  
        producer.setCheckThreadPoolMinSize(2);  
        // 事务回查最大并发数  
        producer.setCheckThreadPoolMaxSize(2);  
        // 队列数  
        producer.setCheckRequestHoldMax(2000);  
        producer.setTransactionCheckListener(transactionCheckListener);  
        producer.start();  
  
        // String[] tags = new String[] { "TagA", "TagB", "TagC", "TagD", "TagE"  
        // };  
        TransactionExecuterImpl tranExecuter = new TransactionExecuterImpl();  
        for (int i = 1; i <= 2; i++) {  
            try {  
                Message msg = new Message("TopicTransactionTest", "transaction" + i, "KEY" + i,  
                        ("Hello RocketMQ " + i).getBytes());  
                SendResult sendResult = producer.sendMessageInTransaction(msg, tranExecuter, null);  
                System.out.println(sendResult);  
  
                Thread.sleep(10);  
            } catch (MQClientException e) {  
                e.printStackTrace();  
            }  
        }  
  
        for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {  
            Thread.sleep(1000);  
        }  
  
        producer.shutdown();  
  
    }  
}  
复制代码

TransactionExecuterImpl .java --执行本地事务

复制代码
package transaction;  
  
import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.producer.LocalTransactionExecuter;  
import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.producer.LocalTransactionState;  
import com.alibaba.rocketmq.common.message.Message;  
  
/** 
 * 执行本地事务 
 */  
public class TransactionExecuterImpl implements LocalTransactionExecuter {  
    // private AtomicInteger transactionIndex = new AtomicInteger(1);  
  
    public LocalTransactionState executeLocalTransactionBranch(final Message msg, final Object arg) {  
  
        System.out.println("执行本地事务msg = " + new String(msg.getBody()));  
  
        System.out.println("执行本地事务arg = " + arg);  
  
        String tags = msg.getTags();  
  
        if (tags.equals("transaction2")) {  
            System.out.println("======我的操作============,失败了  -进行ROLLBACK");  
            return LocalTransactionState.ROLLBACK_MESSAGE;  
        }  
        return LocalTransactionState.COMMIT_MESSAGE;  
        // return LocalTransactionState.UNKNOW;  
    }  
}  
复制代码


TransactionCheckListenerImpl--未决事务,服务器回查客户端(目前已经被阉割啦)

 
复制代码
package transaction;  
  
import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.producer.LocalTransactionState;  
import com.alibaba.rocketmq.client.producer.TransactionCheckListener;  
import com.alibaba.rocketmq.common.message.MessageExt;  
  
/** 
 * 未决事务,服务器回查客户端 
 */  
public class TransactionCheckListenerImpl implements TransactionCheckListener {  
    // private AtomicInteger transactionIndex = new AtomicInteger(0);  
  
    //在这里,我们可以根据由MQ回传的key去数据库查询,这条数据到底是成功了还是失败了。  
    public LocalTransactionState checkLocalTransactionState(MessageExt msg) {  
        System.out.println("未决事务,服务器回查客户端msg =" + new String(msg.getBody().toString()));  
        // return LocalTransactionState.ROLLBACK_MESSAGE;  
  
        return LocalTransactionState.COMMIT_MESSAGE;  
  
        // return LocalTransactionState.UNKNOW;  
    }  
}  
复制代码

producer端:发送数据到MQ,并且处理本地事物。这里模拟了一个成功一个失败。Consumer只会接收到本地事物成功的数据。第二个数据失败了,不会被消费。



Consumer只会接收到一个,第二个数据不会被接收到

 

posted @ 2018-08-23 16:52  玉笛箫笙  阅读(326)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

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