9月19日总结

匹配/广播机制

DataFrame 支持 add() (opens new window)、sub() (opens new window)、mul() (opens new window)、div() (opens new window)及 radd() (opens new window)、rsub() (opens new window)等方法执行二进制操作。广播机制重点关注输入的 Series。通过 axis 关键字，匹配 index 或 columns 即可调用这些函数。

In [18]: df = pd.DataFrame({
   ....:     'one': pd.Series(np.random.randn(3), index=['a', 'b', 'c']),
   ....:     'two': pd.Series(np.random.randn(4), index=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']),
   ....:     'three': pd.Series(np.random.randn(3), index=['b', 'c', 'd'])})
   ....: 

In [19]: df
Out[19]: 
        one       two     three
a  1.394981  1.772517       NaN
b  0.343054  1.912123 -0.050390
c  0.695246  1.478369  1.227435
d       NaN  0.279344 -0.613172

In [20]: row = df.iloc[1]

In [21]: column = df['two']

In [22]: df.sub(row, axis='columns')
Out[22]: 
        one       two     three
a  1.051928 -0.139606       NaN
b  0.000000  0.000000  0.000000
c  0.352192 -0.433754  1.277825
d       NaN -1.632779 -0.562782

In [23]: df.sub(row, axis=1)
Out[23]: 
        one       two     three
a  1.051928 -0.139606       NaN
b  0.000000  0.000000  0.000000
c  0.352192 -0.433754  1.277825
d       NaN -1.632779 -0.562782

In [24]: df.sub(column, axis='index')
Out[24]: 
        one  two     three
a -0.377535  0.0       NaN
b -1.569069  0.0 -1.962513
c -0.783123  0.0 -0.250933
d       NaN  0.0 -0.892516

In [25]: df.sub(column, axis=0)
Out[25]: 
        one  two     three
a -0.377535  0.0       NaN
b -1.569069  0.0 -1.962513
c -0.783123  0.0 -0.250933
d       NaN  0.0 -0.892516