08 package分析
1.1 软件包目录结构(以dnsmasq为例)
一般目录下会有两个文件夹和一个Makefile
Makefile
fille :默认配置和初始化脚本
src :存放代码
patch :可选
1.1.1 Makefile
include $(TOPDIR)/rules.mk # 包含顶层rules.mk
# 软件包的基本信息
PKG_NAME:=dnsmasq
PKG_VERSION:=2.78
PKG_RELEASE:=6
# 固件包
# 下载地址
# HASH校验
PKG_SOURCE:=$(PKG_NAME)-$(PKG_VERSION).tar.xz
PKG_SOURCE_URL:=http://thekelleys.org.uk/dnsmasq/
PKG_HASH:=89949f438c74b0c7543f06689c319484bd126cc4b1f8c745c742ab397681252b
# 许可证书、协议
PKG_LICENSE:=GPL-2.0
PKG_LICENSE_FILES:=COPYING
# 编译目录
PKG_BUILD_DIR:=$(BUILD_DIR)/$(PKG_NAME)-$(BUILD_VARIANT)/$(PKG_NAME)-$(PKG_VERSION)
PKG_INSTALL:=1
PKG_BUILD_PARALLEL:=1
PKG_CONFIG_DEPENDS:=CONFIG_PACKAGE_dnsmasq_$(BUILD_VARIANT)_dhcpv6 \
CONFIG_PACKAGE_dnsmasq_$(BUILD_VARIANT)_dnssec \
CONFIG_PACKAGE_dnsmasq_$(BUILD_VARIANT)_auth \
CONFIG_PACKAGE_dnsmasq_$(BUILD_VARIANT)_ipset \
CONFIG_PACKAGE_dnsmasq_$(BUILD_VARIANT)_conntrack \
CONFIG_PACKAGE_dnsmasq_$(BUILD_VARIANT)_noid \
CONFIG_PACKAGE_dnsmasq_$(BUILD_VARIANT)_broken_rtc
include $(INCLUDE_DIR)/package.mk
define Package/dnsmasq/Default
SECTION:=net
CATEGORY:=Base system
TITLE:=DNS and DHCP server
URL:=http://www.thekelleys.org.uk/dnsmasq/
USERID:=dnsmasq=453:dnsmasq=453
endef
define Package/dnsmasq
$(call Package/dnsmasq/Default)
VARIANT:=nodhcpv6
endef
define Package/dnsmasq-dhcpv6
$(call Package/dnsmasq/Default)
TITLE += (with DHCPv6 support)
DEPENDS:=@IPV6
VARIANT:=dhcpv6
endef
define Package/dnsmasq-full
$(call Package/dnsmasq/Default)
TITLE += (with DNSSEC, DHCPv6, Auth DNS, IPset, Conntrack, NO_ID enabled by default)
DEPENDS:=+PACKAGE_dnsmasq_full_dnssec:libnettle \
+PACKAGE_dnsmasq_full_ipset:kmod-ipt-ipset \
+PACKAGE_dnsmasq_full_conntrack:libnetfilter-conntrack
VARIANT:=full
endef
define Package/dnsmasq/description
It is intended to provide coupled DNS and DHCP service to a LAN.
endef
define Package/dnsmasq-dhcpv6/description
$(call Package/dnsmasq/description)
This is a variant with DHCPv6 support
endef
define Package/dnsmasq-full/description
$(call Package/dnsmasq/description)
This is a fully configurable variant with DHCPv6, DNSSEC, Authoritative DNS and
IPset, Conntrack support & NO_ID enabled by default.
endef
define Package/dnsmasq/conffiles
/etc/config/dhcp
/etc/dnsmasq.conf
endef
define Package/dnsmasq-full/config
if PACKAGE_dnsmasq-full
config PACKAGE_dnsmasq_full_dhcpv6
bool "Build with DHCPv6 support."
depends on IPV6
default y
config PACKAGE_dnsmasq_full_dnssec
bool "Build with DNSSEC support."
default y
config PACKAGE_dnsmasq_full_auth
bool "Build with the facility to act as an authoritative DNS server."
default y
config PACKAGE_dnsmasq_full_ipset
bool "Build with IPset support."
default y
config PACKAGE_dnsmasq_full_conntrack
bool "Build with Conntrack support."
default y
config PACKAGE_dnsmasq_full_noid
bool "Build with NO_ID. (hide *.bind pseudo domain)"
default y
config PACKAGE_dnsmasq_full_broken_rtc
bool "Build with HAVE_BROKEN_RTC."
default n
endif
endef
Package/dnsmasq-dhcpv6/conffiles = $(Package/dnsmasq/conffiles)
Package/dnsmasq-full/conffiles = $(Package/dnsmasq/conffiles)
TARGET_CFLAGS += -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections
TARGET_LDFLAGS += -Wl,--gc-sections
COPTS = $(if $(CONFIG_IPV6),,-DNO_IPV6)
ifeq ($(BUILD_VARIANT),nodhcpv6)
COPTS += -DNO_DHCP6
endif
ifeq ($(BUILD_VARIANT),full)
COPTS += $(if $(CONFIG_PACKAGE_dnsmasq_$(BUILD_VARIANT)_dhcpv6),,-DNO_DHCP6) \
$(if $(CONFIG_PACKAGE_dnsmasq_$(BUILD_VARIANT)_dnssec),-DHAVE_DNSSEC) \
$(if $(CONFIG_PACKAGE_dnsmasq_$(BUILD_VARIANT)_auth),,-DNO_AUTH) \
$(if $(CONFIG_PACKAGE_dnsmasq_$(BUILD_VARIANT)_ipset),,-DNO_IPSET) \
$(if $(CONFIG_PACKAGE_dnsmasq_$(BUILD_VARIANT)_conntrack),-DHAVE_CONNTRACK,) \
$(if $(CONFIG_PACKAGE_dnsmasq_$(BUILD_VARIANT)_noid),-DNO_ID,) \
$(if $(CONFIG_PACKAGE_dnsmasq_$(BUILD_VARIANT)_broken_rtc),-DHAVE_BROKEN_RTC)
COPTS += $(if $(CONFIG_LIBNETTLE_MINI),-DNO_GMP,)
else
COPTS += -DNO_AUTH -DNO_IPSET -DNO_ID
endif
MAKE_FLAGS := \
$(TARGET_CONFIGURE_OPTS) \
CFLAGS="$(TARGET_CFLAGS) $(TARGET_CPPFLAGS)" \
LDFLAGS="$(TARGET_LDFLAGS)" \
COPTS="$(COPTS)" \
PREFIX="/usr"
define Package/dnsmasq/install
$(INSTALL_DIR) $(1)/usr/sbin
$(CP) $(PKG_INSTALL_DIR)/usr/sbin/dnsmasq $(1)/usr/sbin/
$(INSTALL_DIR) $(1)/etc/config
$(INSTALL_DATA) ./files/dhcp.conf $(1)/etc/config/dhcp
$(INSTALL_DATA) ./files/dnsmasq.conf $(1)/etc/dnsmasq.conf
$(INSTALL_DIR) $(1)/etc/init.d
$(INSTALL_BIN) ./files/dnsmasq.init $(1)/etc/init.d/dnsmasq
$(INSTALL_DIR) $(1)/etc/hotplug.d/ntp
$(INSTALL_DATA) ./files/dnsmasqsec.hotplug $(1)/etc/hotplug.d/ntp/25-dnsmasqsec
endef
Package/dnsmasq-dhcpv6/install = $(Package/dnsmasq/install)
define Package/dnsmasq-full/install
$(call Package/dnsmasq/install,$(1))
ifneq ($(CONFIG_PACKAGE_dnsmasq_full_dnssec),)
$(INSTALL_DIR) $(1)/usr/share/dnsmasq
$(INSTALL_DATA) $(PKG_BUILD_DIR)/trust-anchors.conf $(1)/usr/share/dnsmasq
endif
endef
$(eval $(call BuildPackage,dnsmasq))
$(eval $(call BuildPackage,dnsmasq-dhcpv6))
$(eval $(call BuildPackage,dnsmasq-full))
1.1.1.1 rules.mk
文件中经常使用的变量
INCLUDE_DIR
: 源代码目录下的include
目录BUILD_DIR
: 代码编译的根目录,通常为build_dir/target-
TARGET_CFLAGS
: 指定目标平台的C
语言编译选项TARGET_LDFLAGS
: 指定目标平台的编译连接选项INSTALL_DIR
: 创建目录,并设置目录权限INSTALL_DATA
: 安装数据文件,并设置权限为0644INSTALL_CONF
: 安装配置文件,并设置权限为0600INSTALL_BIN
: 安装可执行文件,并设置权限为0777
1.1.1.2 Makefile
常用变量
变量 | 含义 | 示例 |
---|---|---|
PKG_NAME | 软件包名称 | |
PKG_VERSION | 版本号 | |
PKG_RELEASE | Makefile的版本 | |
PKG_SOURCE | 原始代码文件名 | |
PKG_SOURCE_URL | 下载源码的地址 | |
PKG_MD5SUM | 软件包的MD5值 | |
PKG_LICENSE | 这个软件的许可协议 | |
PKG_LICENSE_FILES | 许可协议文件 | |
PKG_BUILD_DIR | 软件包的编译目录 | |
PKG_INSTALL | 设置为1将调用软件包自己的“make install”,安装目录前缀为PKG_INSTALL_DIR | |
PKG_BUILD_PARALLEL | 是否可以并行编译,“并行为1” | |
PKG_CONFIG_DEPENDS | 编译依赖,指定那些选项依赖本软件包 | |
PKG_INSTALL_DIR | 调用原始软件包“make install”的安装目录 | |
PKG_SOURCE_PROTO | 用于下载的传输协议(git,svn)。如果为压缩包则不用指定 | |
PKG_SOURCE_SUBDIR | 下载目录,如果下载传输协议为:git svn时需要指定 | PKG_SOURCE_SUBDIR:=$(PKG_NAME)-$(PKG_VERSION) |
PKG_SOURCE_VERSION | 下载协议为“git”时必须指定 | |
PKG_MAINTAINER | 维护者的姓名和邮箱 | |
PKG_BUILD_DEPENDS | 软件包编译依赖,即需要在这个包编译之前编译 |
1.1.1.3 软件包定义
软件包定义用于编译前的软件包选择和编译后的IPKG
安装包生成。这些参数传递给buildroot
进行交叉编译
Package/
开头,Package
开头的定义用于make menuconfig
,选择编译生成的软件包
Build/
开头,这些用于代码编译
Package
选项
SECTION
:软件包的类型。eg: betwork、Sound
CATEGORY
:在menuconfig
中显示到菜单分类中TITLE
:标题,是软包的简短描述URL
:软件包的原始网站地址MAINTAINER
:维护者的姓名和邮件地址DEPENDS
:依赖项,需要在本软件包之前安装的软件包
define Package/dnsmasq/Default
SECTION:=net
CATEGORY:=Base system
TITLE:=DNS and DHCP server
URL:=http://www.thekelleys.org.uk/dnsmasq/
USERID:=dnsmasq=453:dnsmasq=453
endef
Package
的选项
Package/<>
定义软件包的描述信息Package/<>/Default
可选。软件包的默认选项Package/<>/description
软包的详细描述Package/<>/install
复制文件到ipkg
目录中,使用$(1)
代表ipkg
目录Package/<>/config
可选。对编译选项进行定义Package/<>/conffiles
可选。定义本软件包的运行配置文件列表。一行一个文件Package/<>/preinst
可选。安装之前实际执行的脚本Package/<>/postinst
可选。安装完成之后执行的脚本Package/<>/prerm
可选。在删除之前执行的脚本Package/<>/postrm
可选。在删除之后执行的脚本
1.1.1.4 软件包的构建
软件包的编译步骤为:准备(Prepare)、配置(Configure)、编译(Compile)、安装(Install)
MAKE_FLAGS
:指定编译选项
CONFIGURE_ARGS
:指定配置选项
以上变量在package-default.mk
中定义
Build/Prepare
可选,用于解包和打补丁命令。Build/Configure
可选Build/Compile
可选,编译代码Build/Install
可选。安装编译后的命令。默认使用make install
Build/InstallDev
可选。只对静态库和头文件等
1.1.2 软件包的编译
单独编译
make package/hello/build
make package/hello/install
make package/hello/{clean,compile,install}
加入平台编译(两种方法)
- 使用
make menuconfig
选择hello
软件包 - 直接修改
.config
在其中添加CONFIG_PACKAGE_hello=y
,(这个名字在软件包中定义)
1.1.3 软件的启动机制
启动机制
init
进程是所有系统进程的父进程,它被内核调用并负责调用所有其他进程。如果其他进程的父进程退出,则init
进程会成为它的父进程
内核启动后会调用/etc/inittab
,然后执行inittab
中的sysinit
所指的脚本
cat /etc/inittab
::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS S boot
::shutdown:/etc/init.d/rcS K shutdown
::askconsole:/bin/login
内核调用/etc/inittab
,然后调用脚本/etc/init.d/rcS
。再由rcS
逐个启动各个软件进程
OpenWrt
会将需要自启动的软件在/etc/rc.d
目录下创建对应的软链接。之后由rcS
按照软链接的顺序执行就ok了(所有的启动脚本都放在/etc/init.d
下面。然后软链接到/etc/rc.d
)
设备将以/etc/rc.d/S
开头的脚本按顺序传递给rcS