install nginx

下载源码

http://nginx.org/en/download.html

wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.21.5.tar.gz

解压

tar -zxvf nginx-1.21.5.tar.gz

下载依赖

软件包	说明
pcre	为 Nginx 模块提供正则表达式
zlib	为 Nginx 模块提供数据压缩用的函数库
openssl	为 Nginx 模块提供密码算法\证书\SSL 协议等功能

sudo apt-cache search pcre | grep -- -dev

sudo apt-get install openssl libssl-dev  

sudo apt-get install libpcre3 libpcre3-dev  

sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev 

编译安装

cd nginx-1.21.5

配置编译选项

./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--with-http_ssl_module

在 Nginx 安装中还有很多模块,当用到的时候使用 --with选项添加需要的模块重新编译安装即可.

Configuration summary
  + using system PCRE library
  + using system OpenSSL library
  + using system zlib library

  nginx path prefix: "/usr/local/nginx"
  nginx binary file: "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
  nginx modules path: "/usr/local/nginx/modules"
  nginx configuration prefix: "/usr/local/nginx/conf"
  nginx configuration file: "/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
  nginx pid file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
  nginx error log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log"
  nginx http access log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log"
  nginx http client request body temporary files: "client_body_temp"
  nginx http proxy temporary files: "proxy_temp"
  nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "fastcgi_temp"
  nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "uwsgi_temp"
  nginx http scgi temporary files: "scgi_temp

编译安装

make && make install

配置环境变量

vim /etc/profile

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/nginx/sbin

source /etc/profile

修改配置文件

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

#    server {
#        listen       80;
#        server_name  localhost;
#
#        #charset koi8-r;
#
#        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
#
#        location / {
#            root   html;
#            index  index.html index.htm;
#        }
#
#        #error_page  404              /404.html;
#
#        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#        #
#        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
#        location = /50x.html {
#            root   html;
#        }
#
#        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#        #
#        #location ~ \.php$ {
#        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
#        #}
#
#        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#        #
#        #location ~ \.php$ {
#        #    root           html;
#        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
#        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
#        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
#        #    include        fastcgi_params;
#        #}
#
#        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
#        # concurs with nginx's one
#        #
#        #location ~ /\.ht {
#        #    deny  all;
#        #}
#    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

		include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; # 此版本没有了这一行,手动添加,并注释相关的虚拟主机配置

}

配置虚拟主机

• 计时

upstream view{
        server 127.0.0.1:8080; # 本地服务端口
}
server{
        listen 80;
        server_name view.binny.work;

        location / {
                proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
                proxy_set_header X-Forward-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
                proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
                proxy_set_header X-Nginx-Proxy true;
                proxy_pass http://view; # 代理转发
                proxy_redirect off;
        }
}

• 笔记

upstream note{
        server 127.0.0.1:8000; # 本地服务端口
}
server{
        listen 80;
        server_name note.binny.work;

        location / {
                proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
                proxy_set_header X-Forward-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
                proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
                proxy_set_header X-Nginx-Proxy true;
                proxy_pass http://note; # 代理转发
                proxy_redirect off;
        }
}

手册

root@VM-0-16-ubuntu:~# nginx -h
nginx version: nginx/1.21.5
Usage: nginx [-?hvVtTq] [-s signal] [-p prefix]
             [-e filename] [-c filename] [-g directives]

Options:
  -?,-h         : this help
  -v            : show version and exit
  -V            : show version and configure options then exit
  -t            : test configuration and exit
  -T            : test configuration, dump it and exit
  -q            : suppress non-error messages during configuration testing
  -s signal     : send signal to a master process: stop, quit, reopen, reload
  -p prefix     : set prefix path (default: /usr/local/nginx/)
  -e filename   : set error log file (default: logs/error.log)
  -c filename   : set configuration file (default: conf/nginx.conf)
  -g directives : set global directives out of configuration file

启动

nginx

root@VM-0-16-ubuntu:~# netstat -tpln
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name
tcp        0      0 172.17.0.16:53          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      686/named
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:53            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      686/named
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.53:53           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      654/systemd-resolve
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:953           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      686/named
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:1228            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      12799/sshd: /usr/sb
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1/init
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      244573/nginx: maste
tcp6       0      0 fe80::5054:ff:fe05:9:53 :::*                    LISTEN      686/named
tcp6       0      0 ::1:53                  :::*                    LISTEN      686/named
tcp6       0      0 ::1:953                 :::*                    LISTEN      686/named
tcp6       0      0 :::111                  :::*                    LISTEN      1/init

停止

立即停止

nginx -s stop

从容停止

nginx -s quit

常用命令

命令	说明
nginx -s reload	在 Nginx 启动的情况下重新加载配置文件,平滑启动
nginx -s reopen	重新打开配置文件
nginx -c 配置文件路径	以特定目录下的配置文件启动 Nginx
nginx -t	检测当前配置文件是有正确
nginx -t -c 配置文件路径	检测特定目录下的配置文件是有正确
nginx -v	显示版本信息
nginx -V	显示版本信息和编译选项