NET插件系统之四——提升系统搜索插件和启动速度的思考
一. 面临的问题
开发插件系统的主要优势是扩展性,我们不需要为系统模块的集成再多费脑筋,但这也带来了额外的问题。通常,系统需要在每次启动时搜索固定目录下的符合要求的插件。但是,当系统变得越来越庞大,所引用的dll文件越来越多时,就会出现很严重的问题:开启时间慢,性能差,用户体验降低,尤其是在调试程序时,会浪费大量宝贵的时间。
我确确实实的面临了这样的问题,有兴趣的读者可以看看我的插件系列文章的前几篇,这两天痛定思痛,决心提升系统搜索插件的性能。
我们先看一段普通的搜索插件的代码:
1 public void GetAllPluginInPath(string Path, string InterFaceName) 2 { 3 var DllFileName = from file in Directory.GetFileSystemEntries(Path) 4 where file.Contains(".dll") 5 select file; 6 7 8 9 //string[] DllFileName = Directory.GetFileSystemEntries(Path); 10 Type[] types; 11 foreach (string file in DllFileName) 12 { 13 14 if (System.IO.Path.GetExtension(file) == ".dll") 15 { 16 Assembly assembly; 17 18 try 19 { 20 assembly = Assembly.LoadFrom(file); 21 } 22 catch 23 { 24 continue; 25 } 26 27 try 28 { 29 types = assembly.GetTypes(); 30 } 31 catch (Exception ex) 32 { 33 continue; 34 } 35 36 foreach (Type type in types) 37 { 38 if (type.GetInterface(InterFaceName) != null && !type.IsAbstract) 39 { 40 object thisObject = Activator.CreateInstance(type); 41 42 43 IXPlugin rc1 = thisObject as IXPlugin; 44 45 46 //如果要在启动时被加载 47 if (rc1 != null && rc1.isStartLoaded) 48 { 49 AddPlugin(rc1); 50 } 51 } 52 } 53 } 54 } 55 }
造成启动慢的主要原因有:
1. 目录下包含大量dll文件(这是因为项目引用了大量第三方库),它们并不包含我们开发的组件,却白白浪费大量搜索时间。有些dll文件不是托管dll,在获取程序集时还会抛出异常,直接捕获后,也会造成时间损失。
2. 上述代码仅搜索了满足一种接口规范的插件, (见函数的参数InterFaceName)。如果不止一种插件类型,那么可能要做很多次这样的查找,对性能的影响更大。
3. 为了获取插件的一些信息(比如是否要在启动时加载),不得不实例化其对象获取字段,这种性能损失也是不能承受的。
二. 解决途径
找到问题,我们对症下药:
1.成熟的软件系统采用了插件树的机制,将插件存储为树结构,包含父子关系,这样能尽可能的提升搜索和加载性能,同时方便管理,比如Ecilpse。 但是,这种复杂的插件管理机制可能不适用于我们开发的轻量级系统,因此我们仅仅考虑扁平化的插件结构。
2. 虽然插件的数量是经常变化的,但通常加载的dll文件种类很少变化。我们可以考虑把实际包含所需插件的dll文件名列表存储起来,从而在搜索时仅搜索这些固定的dll文件,提升性能。
3. 插件的种类可能多种多样,所以我们希望能一次性获得全部类型的插件。
4. 采用.NET4.0的并行库机制实现插件的并行搜索。
三. 插件结构表述
该部分已经在我的插件系列文章的.NET插件系统之二——不实例化获取插件信息和可视化方法 中进行了描述,主要是标记接口名称的InterfaceAttribute 和 标记实现接口的插件的XFrmWorkAttribute,你需要在插件接口和插件实现的类上添加这两类标识,此处不再赘述。
我们定义两个数据结构存储插件名称和插件信息:
/// <summary> /// 为了便于序列化而简化的插件接口数据类型,是简化的InterfaceAttribute /// </summary> [Serializable] public class PluginNameLite { public string myName { get; set; } public SearchStrategy mySearchStrategy { get; set; } public string detailInfo { get; set; } public PluginNameLite() { } public PluginNameLite(InterfaceAttribute attr) { myName = attr.myName; mySearchStrategy = attr.mySearchStrategy; detailInfo = attr.DetailInfo; } } /// <summary> /// 插件集合 /// </summary> public class PluginCollection : ObservableCollection<XFrmWorkAttribute> { public PluginCollection() : base() { } /// <summary> /// 可以被序列化的简化插件字典,仅包含插件接口名称和搜索策略 /// </summary> static List<PluginNameLite> myPluginNameList = new List<PluginNameLite>(); /// <summary> /// 插件字典 /// </summary> static Dictionary<Type, PluginCollection> mPluginDictionary = new Dictionary<Type, PluginCollection>();
四. 插件搜索的方法
我们将插件搜索的步骤分为两步:
1. 搜索所有接口契约(即搜索所有的接口)
/// <summary> /// 获取所有的插件接口契约名称 /// </summary> /// <param name="Path"></param> /// <param name="InterFaceName"></param> public static void GetAllPluginName(string folderLocation, bool isRecursiveDirectory) { List<PluginNameLite> mPluginNameList = new List<PluginNameLite>(); //缓存所有插件名称 if (!isRecursiveDirectory) { try //如果不执行递归搜索,则查看在目录下是否有保存了插件名称的文件,若有,直接反序列化之,不执行插件名称搜索 { mPluginNameList = CustomSerializer.Deserialize<List<PluginNameLite>>(folderLocation + "\\PluginLog.xml"); myPluginNameList.AddRange(mPluginNameList); return; } catch (Exception ex) { } } var DllFile = from file in Directory.GetFileSystemEntries(folderLocation) //若无缓存文件,获取目录下全部的dll文件执行搜索 where file.Contains(".dll") select file; Parallel.ForEach(DllFile, //并行化处理 file => { Type[] types; Assembly assembly; try { assembly = Assembly.LoadFrom(file); } catch { return; } try { types = assembly.GetTypes(); } catch { return; } foreach (Type type in types) { if (type.IsInterface == false) continue; // Iterate through all the Attributes for each method. foreach (Attribute attr in type.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(InterfaceAttribute), false)) { mPluginNameList.Add(new PluginNameLite(attr as InterfaceAttribute)); } } }); if (isRecursiveDirectory) ////执行递归搜索 { foreach (var dir in Directory.GetDirectories(folderLocation)) { GetAllPluginName(dir, isRecursiveDirectory); } } else //保存当前目录下的插件名称 { CustomSerializer.Serialize(mPluginNameList, folderLocation + "\\PluginLog.xml"); myPluginNameList.AddRange(mPluginNameList); } }
流程图如下:
2. 搜索所有实现接口契约的插件
直接用代码说话
/// <summary> /// 获取所有插件 /// </summary> /// <param name="folderLocation"></param> /// <param name="isRecursiveDirectory">是否进行目录递归搜索</param> public static void GetAllPlugins(string folderLocation, bool isRecursiveDirectory) { bool isSaved = false; //是否已经保存了包含插件的dll文件列表 List<string> mPluginFileList = new List<string>(); //包含插件的dll文件列表 List<string> allDllFileList = new List<string>(); //所有dll文件列表 if (!isRecursiveDirectory) { try { mPluginFileList = CustomSerializer.Deserialize<List<string>>(folderLocation + "\\PluginFileLog.xml"); isSaved = true; } catch (Exception ex) { allDllFileList = (from file in Directory.GetFileSystemEntries(folderLocation) where file.Contains(".dll") select file).ToList(); } } else { allDllFileList = (from file in Directory.GetFileSystemEntries(folderLocation) where file.Contains(".dll") select file).ToList(); ; } Type[] types; IEnumerable<string> dllPluginFils; //最终要进行处理的的dll文件 if (mPluginFileList.Count == 0) //如果不存在插件文件目录,则获取该目录下所有dll文件 dllPluginFils = allDllFileList; else dllPluginFils = from file in mPluginFileList select folderLocation + file; //否则将插件文件名称拼接为完整的文件路径 Parallel.ForEach(dllPluginFils, file => { Assembly assembly; try { assembly = Assembly.LoadFrom(file); } catch { return; } try { types = assembly.GetTypes(); } catch { return; } foreach (Type type in types) { if (type.IsInterface == true) continue; Type interfaceType = null; string interfaceName = null; foreach (var interfacename in myPluginNameList) //对该Type,依次查看是否实现了插件名称列表中的接口 { interfaceType = type.GetInterface(interfacename.myName); if (interfaceType != null) { interfaceName = interfacename.myName; // Iterate through all the Attributes for each method. foreach (Attribute attr in type.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(XFrmWorkAttribute), false)) //获取该插件的XFrmWorkAttribute标识 { XFrmWorkAttribute attr2 = attr as XFrmWorkAttribute; attr2.myType = type; //将其类型赋值给XFrmWorkAttribute if (attr2.MainKind != interfaceName) { continue; } PluginCollection pluginInfo = null; //保存到插件字典当中 if (mPluginDictionary.TryGetValue(interfaceType, out pluginInfo)) { pluginInfo.Add(attr2); //若插件字典中已包含了该interfaceType的键,则直接添加 } else { var collection = new PluginCollection(); collection.Add(attr2); mPluginDictionary.Add(interfaceType, collection); //否则新建一项并添加之 } file = file.Replace(folderLocation, ""); //获取文件在该文件夹下的真实名称 if (!mPluginFileList.Contains(file)) //若插件文件列表中不包含此文件则添加到文件目录中 mPluginFileList.Add(file); goto FINISH; } } } FINISH: ; } }); if (isRecursiveDirectory) //执行递归搜索 { foreach (var dir in Directory.GetDirectories(folderLocation)) { GetAllPlugins(dir, isRecursiveDirectory); } } else { if (!isSaved) //若没有保存插件文件目录,则反序列化保存之。 CustomSerializer.Serialize(mPluginFileList, folderLocation + "\\PluginFileLog.xml"); } }
由于篇幅有限,搜索插件的流程与搜索插件名称的流程基本相同,因此省略流程图。
3. 并行化优化
读者可以看到,在搜索不同dll文件的插件时 ,使用了 Parallel.ForEach ,网上介绍该方法的文章很多,此处不再赘述。 同时,系统直接将所有插件一次性的搜索完成。大幅度的提升了搜索速度。
五. 总结和问题
总结:
1. 系统尽可能的减少了对插件本身的限制,通过添加attribute的方式即可标记插件,减少了对原生代码的修改。
2. 实测表明,文件目录下存在60个左右的dll文件,其中只有6个是作者完成的包含插件的文件, 在I7 2600K的电脑上:(Debug版本)
原始版本的插件搜索和实例化需要将近5s的启动时间
通过缓存文件目录和插件目录,时间减少2.7s
通过并行化搜索dll文件下的插件,时间进一步减少1s
最终,启动时间仅仅为1.3s左右,同时还避免了多次搜索插件
存在的问题:
1. 插件系统可以自动检测出同一dll文件中插件的变化,但在缓存了dll文件名之后,是无法自动检测出dll文件的变化的。这种情况下,需要首先删除记录插件名称和文件的缓存xml文件才能检测出来。
2. 依然有一定的性能提升的余地。
以下是我的插件搜索器的完整代码,欢迎有问题随时交流:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Collections.ObjectModel; using System.ComponentModel; using System.IO; using System.Linq; using System.Reflection; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace XFrmWork.Data { /// <summary> /// 插件集合 /// </summary> public class PluginCollection : ObservableCollection<XFrmWorkAttribute> { public PluginCollection() : base() { } } /// <summary> /// 执行搜索策略 /// </summary> public enum SearchStrategy { /// <summary> /// 目录内搜索 /// </summary> FolderSearch, /// <summary> /// 目录内递归搜索 /// </summary> RecursiveFolderSearch, } /// <summary> /// 该类定义了插件系统的接口契约记录 /// </summary> public class InterfaceAttribute : Attribute { /// <summary> /// 该插件接口的名称 /// </summary> public string myName { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 搜索策略 /// </summary> public SearchStrategy mySearchStrategy { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 相关信息 /// </summary> public string DetailInfo { get; set; } public InterfaceAttribute(string thisName, string thisDetailInfo, SearchStrategy thisSearchStrategy) // 定位参数 { this.myName = thisName; this.DetailInfo = thisDetailInfo; this.mySearchStrategy = thisSearchStrategy; } } /// <summary> /// 为了便于序列化而简化的插件接口数据类型,是简化的InterfaceAttribute /// </summary> [Serializable] public class PluginNameLite { public string myName { get; set; } public SearchStrategy mySearchStrategy { get; set; } public string detailInfo { get; set; } public PluginNameLite() { } public PluginNameLite(InterfaceAttribute attr) { myName = attr.myName; mySearchStrategy = attr.mySearchStrategy; detailInfo = attr.DetailInfo; } } /// <summary> /// 单例模式提供的插件搜索器 /// </summary> public class PluginProvider { PluginProvider() { } /// <summary> /// 可以被序列化的简化插件字典,仅包含插件接口名称和搜索策略 /// </summary> static List<PluginNameLite> myPluginNameList = new List<PluginNameLite>(); /// <summary> /// 插件字典 /// </summary> static Dictionary<Type, PluginCollection> mPluginDictionary = new Dictionary<Type, PluginCollection>(); /// <summary> /// 获取某插件在插件目录中的索引号 /// </summary> /// <param name="interfaceName">接口名称</param> /// <param name="className">类名</param> /// <returns></returns> public static int GetObjectIndex(Type interfaceName, Type className) { foreach (var rc in GetPluginCollection(interfaceName)) { if (rc.myType == className) return GetPluginCollection(interfaceName).IndexOf(rc); } return 100; } /// <summary> /// 获取所有的插件接口契约名称 /// </summary> /// <param name="Path"></param> /// <param name="InterFaceName"></param> public static void GetAllPluginName(string folderLocation, bool isRecursiveDirectory) { List<PluginNameLite> mPluginNameList = new List<PluginNameLite>(); //缓存所有插件名称 if (!isRecursiveDirectory) { try //如果不执行递归搜索,则查看在目录下是否有保存了插件名称的文件,若有,直接反序列化之,不执行插件名称搜索 { mPluginNameList = CustomSerializer.Deserialize<List<PluginNameLite>>(folderLocation + "\\PluginLog.xml"); myPluginNameList.AddRange(mPluginNameList); return; } catch (Exception ex) { } } var DllFile = from file in Directory.GetFileSystemEntries(folderLocation) //若无缓存文件,获取目录下全部的dll文件执行搜索 where file.Contains(".dll") select file; Parallel.ForEach(DllFile, //并行化处理 file => { Type[] types; Assembly assembly; try { assembly = Assembly.LoadFrom(file); } catch { return; } try { types = assembly.GetTypes(); } catch { return; } foreach (Type type in types) { if (type.IsInterface == false) continue; // Iterate through all the Attributes for each method. foreach (Attribute attr in type.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(InterfaceAttribute), false)) { mPluginNameList.Add(new PluginNameLite(attr as InterfaceAttribute)); } } }); if (isRecursiveDirectory) ////执行递归搜索 { foreach (var dir in Directory.GetDirectories(folderLocation)) { GetAllPluginName(dir, isRecursiveDirectory); } } else //保存当前目录下的插件名称 { CustomSerializer.Serialize(mPluginNameList, folderLocation + "\\PluginLog.xml"); myPluginNameList.AddRange(mPluginNameList); } } /// <summary> /// 获取所有插件 /// </summary> /// <param name="folderLocation"></param> /// <param name="isRecursiveDirectory">是否进行目录递归搜索</param> public static void GetAllPlugins(string folderLocation, bool isRecursiveDirectory) { bool isSaved = false; //是否已经保存了包含插件的dll文件列表 List<string> mPluginFileList = new List<string>(); //包含插件的dll文件列表 List<string> allDllFileList = new List<string>(); //所有dll文件列表 if (!isRecursiveDirectory) { try { mPluginFileList = CustomSerializer.Deserialize<List<string>>(folderLocation + "\\PluginFileLog.xml"); isSaved = true; } catch (Exception ex) { allDllFileList = (from file in Directory.GetFileSystemEntries(folderLocation) where file.Contains(".dll") select file).ToList(); } } else { allDllFileList = (from file in Directory.GetFileSystemEntries(folderLocation) where file.Contains(".dll") select file).ToList(); ; } Type[] types; IEnumerable<string> dllPluginFils; //最终要进行处理的的dll文件 if (mPluginFileList.Count == 0) //如果不存在插件文件目录,则获取该目录下所有dll文件 dllPluginFils = allDllFileList; else dllPluginFils = from file in mPluginFileList select folderLocation + file; //否则将插件文件名称拼接为完整的文件路径 Parallel.ForEach(dllPluginFils, file => { Assembly assembly; try { assembly = Assembly.LoadFrom(file); } catch { return; } try { types = assembly.GetTypes(); } catch { return; } foreach (Type type in types) { if (type.IsInterface == true) continue; Type interfaceType = null; string interfaceName = null; foreach (var interfacename in myPluginNameList) //对该Type,依次查看是否实现了插件名称列表中的接口 { interfaceType = type.GetInterface(interfacename.myName); if (interfaceType != null) { interfaceName = interfacename.myName; // Iterate through all the Attributes for each method. foreach (Attribute attr in type.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(XFrmWorkAttribute), false)) //获取该插件的XFrmWorkAttribute标识 { XFrmWorkAttribute attr2 = attr as XFrmWorkAttribute; attr2.myType = type; //将其类型赋值给XFrmWorkAttribute if (attr2.MainKind != interfaceName) { continue; } PluginCollection pluginInfo = null; //保存到插件字典当中 if (mPluginDictionary.TryGetValue(interfaceType, out pluginInfo)) { pluginInfo.Add(attr2); //若插件字典中已包含了该interfaceType的键,则直接添加 } else { var collection = new PluginCollection(); collection.Add(attr2); mPluginDictionary.Add(interfaceType, collection); //否则新建一项并添加之 } file = file.Replace(folderLocation, ""); //获取文件在该文件夹下的真实名称 if (!mPluginFileList.Contains(file)) //若插件文件列表中不包含此文件则添加到文件目录中 mPluginFileList.Add(file); goto FINISH; } } } FINISH: ; } }); if (isRecursiveDirectory) //执行递归搜索 { foreach (var dir in Directory.GetDirectories(folderLocation)) { GetAllPlugins(dir, isRecursiveDirectory); } } else { if (!isSaved) //若没有保存插件文件目录,则反序列化保存之。 CustomSerializer.Serialize(mPluginFileList, folderLocation + "\\PluginFileLog.xml"); } } /// <summary> /// 获取接口中固定索引类型的实例 /// </summary> /// <param name="interfaceName">接口名称</param> /// <param name="index">索引号</param> /// <returns>实例化的引用</returns> public static Object GetObjectInstance(Type interfaceName, int index) { return Activator.CreateInstance(GetPluginCollection(interfaceName)[index].myType); } /// <summary> /// 获取某程序集的接口列表 /// </summary> /// <param name="interfaceName"></param> /// <param name="myAssembly"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static ObservableCollection<XFrmWorkAttribute> GetPluginCollection(Type interfaceName, Assembly myAssembly) { return GetPluginCollection(interfaceName, myAssembly, false); } public static ObservableCollection<XFrmWorkAttribute> GetPluginCollection(Type interfaceName, Assembly myAssembly, bool isAbstractRequired) { if (mPluginDictionary.ContainsKey(interfaceName)) return mPluginDictionary[interfaceName]; else //若发现插件不存在,则再执行搜索(这种可能性很低) { PluginCollection tc = new PluginCollection(); Type[] types = myAssembly.GetTypes(); foreach (Type type in types) { if (type.GetInterface(interfaceName.ToString()) != null) { if (!isAbstractRequired && type.IsAbstract == true) { continue; } // Iterate through all the Attributes for each method. foreach (Attribute attr in type.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(XFrmWorkAttribute), false)) { XFrmWorkAttribute attr2 = attr as XFrmWorkAttribute; tc.Add(attr2); } } } mPluginDictionary.Add(interfaceName, tc); return tc; } } public static ObservableCollection<XFrmWorkAttribute> GetPluginCollection(Type interfaceName) { if (mPluginDictionary.ContainsKey(interfaceName)) return mPluginDictionary[interfaceName]; else { PluginCollection tc = new PluginCollection(); Assembly assembly = Assembly.GetAssembly(interfaceName); Type[] types = assembly.GetTypes(); foreach (Type type in types) { if (type.GetInterface(interfaceName.ToString()) != null && !type.IsAbstract) { // Iterate through all the Attributes for each method. foreach (Attribute attr in type.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(XFrmWorkAttribute), false)) { XFrmWorkAttribute attr2 = attr as XFrmWorkAttribute; tc.Add(attr2); } } } mPluginDictionary.Add(interfaceName, tc); return tc; } } } }
作者:热情的沙漠
出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/buptzym/
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