vue+element导入导出excel

1. 业务场景

由前台导入Excel表格，获取批量数据。根据一个数组导出Excel表格。

2.1 引入工具库

npm install xlsx --save
npm install file-saver --save
npm install script-loader --save-dev

2.2 引入JS文件(excel导出使用)

下载地址：https://github.com/xrkffgg/Ktools/tree/master/JS/002.Excel

在src目录下新建utils文件夹，utils目录下再新建excel文件夹，将 Blob.js 和 Export2Excel.js 放入该目录下

3示例

示例：

4. 编写导入导出方法

继续在 utils/excel 目录下新建两个js文件 importExcel.js 和 exportExcel.js

importExcel.js

/*
 * 导入excel方法
 * file - 导入的excel文件
 * range - 读取excel的初始行
 * tVariable - 导入的表头名对应的属性名
 */
import { Message } from 'element-ui'
const importExcel = function (file, range, tVariable) {
    return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
        var f = file.raw
        var reader = new FileReader()
        FileReader.prototype.readAsBinaryString = function (f) {
            var binary = ''
            var wb // 读取完成的数据
            var outdata
            var reader = new FileReader()
            reader.onload = function (e) {
                var bytes = new Uint8Array(reader.result)
                var length = bytes.byteLength
                for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
                    binary += String.fromCharCode(bytes[i])
                }
                var XLSX = require('xlsx')
                wb = XLSX.read(binary, {
                    type: 'binary'
                })
                const sheet2JSONOpts = {
                    range: range, // 填写0则表示为A1为变量名
                    defval: '' // 给defval赋值为空的字符串
                }
                outdata = XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json(
                    wb.Sheets[wb.SheetNames[0]],
                    sheet2JSONOpts
                ) // outdata就是你想要的东西
                const outdataList = []  // 最终输出值
                for (let i = 0; i < outdata.length; i++) {
                    const arr = []  // excel每行的值
                    const obj = {}  // 定义每一行 属性名：属性值
                    for (let key in outdata[i]) {
                        arr.push(outdata[i][key])
                    }
                    for (let j = 0; j < tVariable.length; j++) {
                        obj[tVariable[j]] = arr[j]
                    }
                    console.log(arr)
                    outdataList.push(obj)   // 拼接成对象数组
                }

                Message.success('请耐心等待导入结果')
                if (outdataList.length > 100) {
                    reject('导入数据超过100行')
                } else {
                    resolve(outdataList)
                }
            }
            reader.readAsArrayBuffer(f)
        }
        reader.readAsBinaryString(f)
    })
}
export default importExcel

exportExcel.js

/*
 * 导出excel方法
 * tHeader - 导出的表头名
 * tVariable - 导出的表头名对应的属性名
 * list - 导出的数据
 * fileName - 导出的表格名称
 */
const exportExcel = function(tHeader, tVariable, list, fileName) {
    require.ensure([], () => {
        const { export_json_to_excel } = require('./Export2Excel') // 这里必须使用绝对路径
        const data = formatJson(tVariable, list)
        export_json_to_excel(tHeader, data, fileName)
    })
}

function formatJson(tVariable, jsonData) {
    return jsonData.map((v) => tVariable.map((j) => v[j]))
}
export default exportExcel

5. 界面代码

<template>
  <div style="width: 100%">
    <div>
      <el-upload
        class="upload-demo"
	action=""
	:on-change="handleChange"
	:show-file-list="false"
	accept="application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet,application/vnd.ms-excel"
	:auto-upload="false"
      >
	<el-button size="small" type="primary">导入excel</el-button>
	<!-- <div slot="tip" class="el-upload__tip">
            只 能 上 传 xlsx / xls 文 件
	</div> -->
      </el-upload>
    </div>
    <br />
    <div>
      <el-button @click="outExe">导出excel表格</el-button>
    </div>
    <br />
    <div>
      <el-table
        :data="dataList"
        style="width: 100%">
        <el-table-column
          v-for="(item,index) in column"
          :key="index"
          :prop="item.prop"
          :label="item.label"
          :width="item.width"
        >
        </el-table-column>
      </el-table>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>
<script>
import exportExcel from '@/utils/excel/exportExcel'
import importExcel from '@/utils/excel/importExcel'
export default {
  data() {
    return {
      fileTemp: null,
      excelData: [],
      tHeader: ['序号', '姓名', '编号', '手机', '邮箱', '部门', '失败原因'],
      tVariable: ['id', 'name', 'code', 'mobile', 'mail', 'deptNames', 'reasult'],
      dataList: [
        { id: 1, name: '小白', code: '1', mobile: '13440000000', mail: '12580@qq.com', deptNames: '技术部', reasult: '无' },
        { id: 2, name: '小白', code: '', mobile: '13440000000', mail: '12580@qq.com', deptNames: '技术部', reasult: '无' },
        { id: 3, name: '小白', code: '1', mobile: '', mail: '12580@qq.com', deptNames: '技术部', reasult: '无' },
        { id: 4, name: '小白', code: '1', mobile: '13440000000', mail: '', deptNames: '技术部', reasult: '无' }
      ], // 请求回来的data
      column: [
        { prop: 'id', label: '序号', width: '' },
        { prop: 'name', label: '姓名', width: '' },
        { prop: 'code', label: '编号', width: '' },
        { prop: 'mobile', label: '手机', width: '' },
        { prop: 'mail', label: '邮箱', width: '' },
        { prop: 'deptNames', label: '部门', width: '' },
        { prop: 'reasult', label: '失败原因', width: '' }
      ],
    }
  },
  created() {},
  methods: {
    // 导入表格
    handleChange(file, fileList) {
      this.fileTemp = file.raw
      if (this.fileTemp) {
        if (this.fileTemp.type === 'application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet' || this.fileTemp.type === 'application/vnd.ms-excel') {
          // 开始导入
          importExcel(file, 0, this.tVariable).then(res => {
            this.dataList = res
          }).catch(err => {
            this.$message.error(err)
          })
        } else {
          this.$message({ type: 'error', message: '附件格式错误，请删除后重新上传！' })
        }
      } else {
        this.$message({ type: 'warning', message: '请上传附件！' })
      }
    },
    // 导出表格
    outExe() {
      console.log(JSON.stringify(this.dataList))
      this.$confirm('此操作将导出excel文件, 是否继续?', '提示', {
        confirmButtonText: '确定',
        cancelButtonText: '取消',
        type: 'warning'
      })
        .then(() => {
          this.excelData = this.dataList // 你要导出的数据list
          exportExcel(this.tHeader, this.tVariable, this.excelData, '导出模板')
        })
        .catch(() => {})
    }
  }
}
</script>

6. 注意事项

sheet2JSONOpts是定义导出excel表格时数据的处理方式，详细使用看源码。

export interface Sheet2JSONOpts extends DateNFOption {
    /** 输出格式 */
    header?: "A"|number|string[];
    /** 覆盖工作表范围 */
    range?: any;

    /** 在输出中包含或省略空白行 */
    blankrows?: boolean;

    /** 空值/未定义值的默认值 */
    defval?: any;

    /** 如果为true，则返回原始数据；如果为假，则返回格式化的文本 */
    raw?: boolean;

    /** 如果为true，则返回原始数字；如果为假，则返回格式化的数字 */
    rawNumbers?: boolean;
}

7. 附加两个JS文件源码(以防github更新了版本导致该demo用不了)

Blob.js

/* eslint-disable */
/* Blob.js
 * A Blob implementation.
 * 2014-05-27
 *
 * By Eli Grey, http://eligrey.com
 * By Devin Samarin, https://github.com/eboyjr
 * License: X11/MIT
 *   See LICENSE.md
 */

/*global self, unescape */
/*jslint bitwise: true, regexp: true, confusion: true, es5: true, vars: true, white: true,
 plusplus: true */

/*! @source http://purl.eligrey.com/github/Blob.js/blob/master/Blob.js */

const blob = function (view) {
    "use strict";

    view.URL = view.URL || view.webkitURL;

    if (view.Blob && view.URL) {
        try {
            new Blob;
            return;
        } catch (e) {}
    }

    // Internally we use a BlobBuilder implementation to base Blob off of
    // in order to support older browsers that only have BlobBuilder
    var BlobBuilder = view.BlobBuilder || view.WebKitBlobBuilder || view.MozBlobBuilder || (function(view) {
            var
                get_class = function(object) {
                    return Object.prototype.toString.call(object).match(/^\[object\s(.*)\]$/)[1];
                }
                , FakeBlobBuilder = function BlobBuilder() {
                    this.data = [];
                }
                , FakeBlob = function Blob(data, type, encoding) {
                    this.data = data;
                    this.size = data.length;
                    this.type = type;
                    this.encoding = encoding;
                }
                , FBB_proto = FakeBlobBuilder.prototype
                , FB_proto = FakeBlob.prototype
                , FileReaderSync = view.FileReaderSync
                , FileException = function(type) {
                    this.code = this[this.name = type];
                }
                , file_ex_codes = (
                    "NOT_FOUND_ERR SECURITY_ERR ABORT_ERR NOT_READABLE_ERR ENCODING_ERR "
                    + "NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR INVALID_STATE_ERR SYNTAX_ERR"
                ).split(" ")
                , file_ex_code = file_ex_codes.length
                , real_URL = view.URL || view.webkitURL || view
                , real_create_object_URL = real_URL.createObjectURL
                , real_revoke_object_URL = real_URL.revokeObjectURL
                , URL = real_URL
                , btoa = view.btoa
                , atob = view.atob

                , ArrayBuffer = view.ArrayBuffer
                , Uint8Array = view.Uint8Array
                ;
            FakeBlob.fake = FB_proto.fake = true;
            while (file_ex_code--) {
                FileException.prototype[file_ex_codes[file_ex_code]] = file_ex_code + 1;
            }
            if (!real_URL.createObjectURL) {
                URL = view.URL = {};
            }
            URL.createObjectURL = function(blob) {
                var
                    type = blob.type
                    , data_URI_header
                    ;
                if (type === null) {
                    type = "application/octet-stream";
                }
                if (blob instanceof FakeBlob) {
                    data_URI_header = "data:" + type;
                    if (blob.encoding === "base64") {
                        return data_URI_header + ";base64," + blob.data;
                    } else if (blob.encoding === "URI") {
                        return data_URI_header + "," + decodeURIComponent(blob.data);
                    } if (btoa) {
                        return data_URI_header + ";base64," + btoa(blob.data);
                    } else {
                        return data_URI_header + "," + encodeURIComponent(blob.data);
                    }
                } else if (real_create_object_URL) {
                    return real_create_object_URL.call(real_URL, blob);
                }
            };
            URL.revokeObjectURL = function(object_URL) {
                if (object_URL.substring(0, 5) !== "data:" && real_revoke_object_URL) {
                    real_revoke_object_URL.call(real_URL, object_URL);
                }
            };
            FBB_proto.append = function(data/*, endings*/) {
                var bb = this.data;
                // decode data to a binary string
                if (Uint8Array && (data instanceof ArrayBuffer || data instanceof Uint8Array)) {
                    var
                        str = ""
                        , buf = new Uint8Array(data)
                        , i = 0
                        , buf_len = buf.length
                        ;
                    for (; i < buf_len; i++) {
                        str += String.fromCharCode(buf[i]);
                    }
                    bb.push(str);
                } else if (get_class(data) === "Blob" || get_class(data) === "File") {
                    if (FileReaderSync) {
                        var fr = new FileReaderSync;
                        bb.push(fr.readAsBinaryString(data));
                    } else {
                        // async FileReader won't work as BlobBuilder is sync
                        throw new FileException("NOT_READABLE_ERR");
                    }
                } else if (data instanceof FakeBlob) {
                    if (data.encoding === "base64" && atob) {
                        bb.push(atob(data.data));
                    } else if (data.encoding === "URI") {
                        bb.push(decodeURIComponent(data.data));
                    } else if (data.encoding === "raw") {
                        bb.push(data.data);
                    }
                } else {
                    if (typeof data !== "string") {
                        data += ""; // convert unsupported types to strings
                    }
                    // decode UTF-16 to binary string
                    bb.push(unescape(encodeURIComponent(data)));
                }
            };
            FBB_proto.getBlob = function(type) {
                if (!arguments.length) {
                    type = null;
                }
                return new FakeBlob(this.data.join(""), type, "raw");
            };
            FBB_proto.toString = function() {
                return "[object BlobBuilder]";
            };
            FB_proto.slice = function(start, end, type) {
                var args = arguments.length;
                if (args < 3) {
                    type = null;
                }
                return new FakeBlob(
                    this.data.slice(start, args > 1 ? end : this.data.length)
                    , type
                    , this.encoding
                );
            };
            FB_proto.toString = function() {
                return "[object Blob]";
            };
            FB_proto.close = function() {
                this.size = this.data.length = 0;
            };
            return FakeBlobBuilder;
        }(view));

    view.Blob = function Blob(blobParts, options) {
        var type = options ? (options.type || "") : "";
        var builder = new BlobBuilder();
        if (blobParts) {
            for (var i = 0, len = blobParts.length; i < len; i++) {
                builder.append(blobParts[i]);
            }
        }
        return builder.getBlob(type);
    };
}
exports.blob = blob;

Export2Excel.js

/* eslint-disable */
require('script-loader!file-saver');
// require('script-loader!./Blob');
const {blob} = require('./Blob')
require('script-loader!xlsx/dist/xlsx.core.min');
function generateArray(table) {
    var out = [];
    var rows = table.querySelectorAll('tr');
    var ranges = [];
    for (var R = 0; R < rows.length; ++R) {
        var outRow = [];
        var row = rows[R];
        var columns = row.querySelectorAll('td');
        for (var C = 0; C < columns.length; ++C) {
            var cell = columns[C];
            var colspan = cell.getAttribute('colspan');
            var rowspan = cell.getAttribute('rowspan');
            var cellValue = cell.innerText;
            if (cellValue !== "" && cellValue == +cellValue) cellValue = +cellValue;

            //Skip ranges
            ranges.forEach(function (range) {
                if (R >= range.s.r && R <= range.e.r && outRow.length >= range.s.c && outRow.length <= range.e.c) {
                    for (var i = 0; i <= range.e.c - range.s.c; ++i) outRow.push(null);
                }
            });

            //Handle Row Span
            if (rowspan || colspan) {
                rowspan = rowspan || 1;
                colspan = colspan || 1;
                ranges.push({s: {r: R, c: outRow.length}, e: {r: R + rowspan - 1, c: outRow.length + colspan - 1}});
            }
            ;

            //Handle Value
            outRow.push(cellValue !== "" ? cellValue : null);

            //Handle Colspan
            if (colspan) for (var k = 0; k < colspan - 1; ++k) outRow.push(null);
        }
        out.push(outRow);
    }
    return [out, ranges];
};

function datenum(v, date1904) {
    if (date1904) v += 1462;
    var epoch = Date.parse(v);
    return (epoch - new Date(Date.UTC(1899, 11, 30))) / (24 * 60 * 60 * 1000);
}

function sheet_from_array_of_arrays(data, opts) {
    var ws = {};
    var range = {s: {c: 10000000, r: 10000000}, e: {c: 0, r: 0}};
    for (var R = 0; R != data.length; ++R) {
        for (var C = 0; C != data[R].length; ++C) {
            if (range.s.r > R) range.s.r = R;
            if (range.s.c > C) range.s.c = C;
            if (range.e.r < R) range.e.r = R;
            if (range.e.c < C) range.e.c = C;
            var cell = {v: data[R][C]};
            if (cell.v == null) continue;
            var cell_ref = XLSX.utils.encode_cell({c: C, r: R});

            if (typeof cell.v === 'number') cell.t = 'n';
            else if (typeof cell.v === 'boolean') cell.t = 'b';
            else if (cell.v instanceof Date) {
                cell.t = 'n';
                cell.z = XLSX.SSF._table[14];
                cell.v = datenum(cell.v);
            }
            else cell.t = 's';

            ws[cell_ref] = cell;
        }
    }
    if (range.s.c < 10000000) ws['!ref'] = XLSX.utils.encode_range(range);
    return ws;
}

function Workbook() {
    if (!(this instanceof Workbook)) return new Workbook();
    this.SheetNames = [];
    this.Sheets = {};
}

function s2ab(s) {
    var buf = new ArrayBuffer(s.length);
    var view = new Uint8Array(buf);
    for (var i = 0; i != s.length; ++i) view[i] = s.charCodeAt(i) & 0xFF;
    return buf;
}

export function export_table_to_excel(id) {
    var theTable = document.getElementById(id);
    console.log('a')
    var oo = generateArray(theTable);
    var ranges = oo[1];

    /* original data */
    var data = oo[0];
    var ws_name = "SheetJS";
    console.log(data);

    var wb = new Workbook(), ws = sheet_from_array_of_arrays(data);

    /* add ranges to worksheet */
    // ws['!cols'] = ['apple', 'banan'];
    ws['!merges'] = ranges;

    /* add worksheet to workbook */
    wb.SheetNames.push(ws_name);
    wb.Sheets[ws_name] = ws;

    var wbout = XLSX.write(wb, {bookType: 'xlsx', bookSST: false, type: 'binary'});

    saveAs(new Blob([s2ab(wbout)], {type: "application/octet-stream"}), "test.xlsx")
}

function formatJson(jsonData) {
    console.log(jsonData)
}
export function export_json_to_excel(th, jsonData, defaultTitle) {

    /* original data */

    var data = jsonData;
    data.unshift(th);
    var ws_name = "SheetJS";

    var wb = new Workbook(), ws = sheet_from_array_of_arrays(data);


    /* add worksheet to workbook */
    wb.SheetNames.push(ws_name);
    wb.Sheets[ws_name] = ws;

    var wbout = XLSX.write(wb, {bookType: 'xlsx', bookSST: false, type: 'binary'});
    var title = defaultTitle || '列表'
    saveAs(new Blob([s2ab(wbout)], {type: "application/octet-stream"}), title + ".xlsx")
}