luffy后台登录+注册+课程
一、多方式登录
后台
#插件 >: pip install djangorestframework-jwt #urls.py path('login/', views.LoginViewSet.as_view({'post': 'login'})), #dev.py import datetime JWT_AUTH = { 'JWT_EXPIRATION_DELTA': datetime.timedelta(days=7), } #views.py from rest_framework.viewsets import ViewSet from . import serializers, models from utils.response import APIResponse class LoginViewSet(ViewSet): # 局部禁用认证、权限组件 authentication_classes = () permission_classes = () def login(self, request, *args, **kwargs): serializer = serializers.LoginSerializer(data=request.data, context={'request': request}) if serializer.is_valid(): token = serializer.context.get('token') # 原来要一个个拿信息 # username = serializer.context.get('username') # icon = serializer.context.get('icon') # 拿到登录用户，直接走序列化过程，将要返回给前台的数据直接序列化好给前台 user = serializer.context.get('user') result = serializers.LoginSerializer(user, context={'request': request}).data result['token'] = token # id，username，icon，token return APIResponse(result=result) return APIResponse(1, serializer.errors) #serializers.py from rest_framework import serializers from rest_framework import exceptions from django.conf import settings from . import models class LoginSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): # 覆盖，避免login校验username有数据库唯一字段约束的限制 username = serializers.CharField() class Meta: model = models.User # username、password可以通过局部钩子指定详细的校验规则 fields = ('id', 'username', 'password', 'icon') extra_kwargs = { 'id': { 'read_only': True, }, 'icon': { 'read_only': True, }, 'password': { 'write_only': True, } } def validate(self, attrs): # 多方式得到user user = self._get_user(attrs) # user签发token token = self._get_token(user) # token用context属性携带给视图类 self.context['token'] = token ''' 自己将user的信息逐个处理，传给视图 # 前台可能不仅仅只需要登录成功的token，可能还需要用户名、用户头像等 self.context['username'] = user.username # 通过请求头格式化icon request = self.context['request'] icon = 'http://%s%s%s' % (request.META['HTTP_HOST'], settings.MEDIA_URL, user.icon) self.context['icon'] = icon ''' # 将登录用户对象直接传给视图 self.context['user'] = user return attrs def _get_user(self, attrs): import re username = attrs.get('username') if re.match(r'^1[3-9][0-9]{9}$', username): user = models.User.objects.filter(mobile=username).first() else: user = models.User.objects.filter(username=username).first() if not user: raise exceptions.ValidationError({'username': 'username error'}) password = attrs.get('password') if not user.check_password(password): raise exceptions.ValidationError({'password': 'password error'}) return user def _get_token(self, user): from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_payload_handler, jwt_encode_handler payload = jwt_payload_handler(user) token = jwt_encode_handler(payload) return token
前台
Login.vue
<template>
<div class="login">
<div class="box">
<i class="el-icon-close" @click="close_login"></i>
<div class="content">
<div class="nav">
<span :class="{active: login_method === 'is_pwd'}"
@click="change_login_method('is_pwd')">密码登录</span>
<span :class="{active: login_method === 'is_sms'}"
@click="change_login_method('is_sms')">短信登录</span>
</div>
<el-form v-if="login_method === 'is_pwd'">
<el-input
placeholder="用户名/手机号/邮箱"
prefix-icon="el-icon-user"
v-model="username"
clearable>
</el-input>
<el-input
placeholder="密码"
prefix-icon="el-icon-key"
v-model="password"
clearable
show-password>
</el-input>
<el-button type="primary" @click="login">登录</el-button>
</el-form>
<el-form v-if="login_method === 'is_sms'">
<el-input
placeholder="手机号"
prefix-icon="el-icon-phone-outline"
v-model="mobile"
clearable
@blur="check_mobile">
</el-input>
<el-input
placeholder="验证码"
prefix-icon="el-icon-chat-line-round"
v-model="sms"
clearable>
<template slot="append">
<span class="sms" @click="send_sms">{{ sms_interval }}</span>
</template>
</el-input>
<el-button type="primary">登录</el-button>
</el-form>
<div class="foot">
<span @click="go_register">立即注册</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: "Login",
data() {
return {
username: '',
password: '',
mobile: '',
sms: '',
login_method: 'is_pwd',
sms_interval: '获取验证码',
is_send: false,
}
},
methods: {
close_login() {
this.$emit('close')
},
go_register() {
this.$emit('go')
},
change_login_method(method) {
this.login_method = method;
},
check_mobile() {
if (!this.mobile) return;
if (!this.mobile.match(/^1[3-9][0-9]{9}$/)) {
this.$message({
message: '手机号有误',
type: 'warning',
duration: 1000,
onClose: () => {
this.mobile = '';
}
});
return false;
}
this.is_send = true;
},
send_sms() {
if (!this.is_send) return;
this.is_send = false;
let sms_interval_time = 60;
this.sms_interval = "发送中...";
let timer = setInterval(() => {
if (sms_interval_time <= 1) {
clearInterval(timer);
this.sms_interval = "获取验证码";
this.is_send = true; // 重新回复点击发送功能的条件
} else {
sms_interval_time -= 1;
this.sms_interval = `${sms_interval_time}秒后再发`;
}
}, 1000);
},
login() {
if (!(this.username && this.password)) {
this.$message({
message: '请填好账号密码',
type: 'warning',
duration: 1500
});
return false // 直接结束逻辑
}
this.$axios({
url: this.$settings.base_url + '/user/login/',
method: 'post',
data: {
username: this.username,
password: this.password,
}
}).then(response => {
let username = response.data.result.username;
let token = response.data.result.token;
let user_id = response.data.result.id;
this.$cookies.set('username', username, '7d');
this.$cookies.set('token', token, '7d');
this.$cookies.set('user_id', user_id, '7d');
this.$emit('success', response.data.result);
}).catch(error => {
}).catch(error => {
console.log(error.response.data)
})
}
}
}
</script>
<style scoped>
.login {
width: 100vw;
height: 100vh;
position: fixed;
top: 0;
left: 0;
z-index: 10;
background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
}
.box {
width: 400px;
height: 420px;
background-color: white;
border-radius: 10px;
position: relative;
top: calc(50vh - 210px);
left: calc(50vw - 200px);
}
.el-icon-close {
position: absolute;
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 20px;
top: 10px;
right: 10px;
cursor: pointer;
}
.el-icon-close:hover {
color: darkred;
}
.content {
position: absolute;
top: 40px;
width: 280px;
left: 60px;
}
.nav {
font-size: 20px;
height: 38px;
border-bottom: 2px solid darkgrey;
}
.nav > span {
margin: 0 20px 0 35px;
color: darkgrey;
user-select: none;
cursor: pointer;
padding-bottom: 10px;
border-bottom: 2px solid darkgrey;
}
.nav > span.active {
color: black;
border-bottom: 3px solid black;
padding-bottom: 9px;
}
.el-input, .el-button {
margin-top: 40px;
}
.el-button {
width: 100%;
font-size: 18px;
}
.foot > span {
float: right;
margin-top: 20px;
color: orange;
cursor: pointer;
}
.sms {
color: orange;
cursor: pointer;
display: inline-block;
width: 70px;
text-align: center;
user-select: none;
}
</style>
Header.vue
<template>
<div class="header">
<div class="slogan">
<p>老男孩IT教育 | 帮助有志向的年轻人通过努力学习获得体面的工作和生活</p>
</div>
<div class="nav">
<ul class="left-part">
<li class="logo">
<router-link to="/">
<img src="../assets/img/head-logo.svg" alt="">
</router-link>
</li>
<li class="ele">
<span @click="goPage('/free-course')" :class="{active: url_path === '/free-course'}">免费课</span>
</li>
<li class="ele">
<span @click="goPage('/actual-course')" :class="{active: url_path === '/actual-course'}">实战课</span>
</li>
<li class="ele">
<span @click="goPage('/light-course')" :class="{active: url_path === '/light-course'}">轻课</span>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="right-part">
<div v-if="!token">
<span @click="put_login">登录</span>
<span class="line">|</span>
<span @click="put_register">注册</span>
</div>
<div v-else>
<span>{{ username }}</span>
<span class="line">|</span>
<span @click="logout">注销</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<Login v-if="is_login" @close="close_login" @go="put_register" @success="success_login" />
<Register v-if="is_register" @close="close_register" @go="put_login" />
</div>
</template>
<script>
import Login from './Login'
import Register from "./Register"
export default {
name: "Header",
data() {
return {
url_path: sessionStorage.url_path || '/',
token: '',
username: '',
user_id: '',
is_login: false,
is_register: false,
}
},
methods: {
goPage(url_path) {
// 已经是当前路由就没有必要重新跳转
if (this.url_path !== url_path) {
this.$router.push(url_path);
}
sessionStorage.url_path = url_path;
},
put_login() {
this.is_login = true;
this.is_register = false;
},
put_register() {
this.is_login = false;
this.is_register = true;
},
close_login() {
this.is_login = false;
},
close_register() {
this.is_register = false;
},
success_login(data) {
this.is_login = false;
this.username = data.username;
this.token = data.token;
this.user_id = data.user_id;
},
logout() {
this.token = '';
this.username = '';
this.user_id = '';
this.$cookies.remove('username');
this.$cookies.remove('token');
this.$cookies.remove('user_id');
}
},
created() {
sessionStorage.url_path = this.$route.path;
this.url_path = this.$route.path;
// 检测cookies，查看登录状态
this.username = this.$cookies.get('username');
this.token = this.$cookies.get('token');
this.user_id = this.$cookies.get('user_id');
},
components: {
Login,
Register,
}
}
</script>
<style scoped>
.header {
background-color: white;
box-shadow: 0 0 5px 0 #aaa;
}
.header:after {
content: "";
display: block;
clear: both;
}
.slogan {
background-color: #eee;
height: 40px;
}
.slogan p {
width: 1200px;
margin: 0 auto;
color: #aaa;
font-size: 13px;
line-height: 40px;
}
.nav {
background-color: white;
user-select: none;
width: 1200px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
.nav ul {
padding: 15px 0;
float: left;
}
.nav ul:after {
clear: both;
content: '';
display: block;
}
.nav ul li {
float: left;
}
.logo {
margin-right: 20px;
}
.ele {
margin: 0 20px;
}
.ele span {
display: block;
font: 15px/36px '微软雅黑';
border-bottom: 2px solid transparent;
cursor: pointer;
}
.ele span:hover {
border-bottom-color: orange;
}
.ele span.active {
color: orange;
border-bottom-color: orange;
}
.right-part {
float: right;
}
.right-part .line {
margin: 0 10px;
}
.right-part span {
line-height: 68px;
cursor: pointer;
}
</style>
二、手机是否存在验证接口
#urls.py path('mobile/', views.MobileViewSet.as_view({'post': 'check'})), #views.py # 手机是否存在接口 import re class MobileViewSet(ViewSet): def check(self, request, *args, **kwargs): mobile = request.data.get('mobile', None) if not mobile: return APIResponse(1, 'mobile field required') if not re.match(r'^1[3-9][0-9]{9}$', mobile): return APIResponse(1, 'mobile field error') try: models.User.objects.get(mobile=mobile) return APIResponse(result=True) # 手机号存在 except: return APIResponse(result=False) # 手机号不存在
三、腾讯云短信开发
短信服务应用申请 """ 准备工作 1）创建短信应用 - 应用管理 2）申请短信签名 - 国内短信 > 签名管理 3）申请短信模块 - 国内短信 > 正文模板管理 """ python中开发腾讯云短信服务 """ 1）API文档，接口的使用说吧 2）SDK，基于开发语言封装的可以直接调用的功能(工具)集合 官网sdk使用文档中找到安装命令：pip install qcloudsms_py 按照sdk使用说明进行开发：https://cloud.tencent.com/document/product/382/11672 """
t_sms.py
# 所有配置换成申请的数据 # 申请的短信应用 SDK AppID appid = 1400 # 申请的短信应用 SDK AppKey appkey = "ba81" # 申请的短信模板ID，需要在短信控制台中申请 template_id = 5447 # 申请的签名，参数使用的是`签名内容`，而不是`签名ID` sms_sign = "Owen的技术栈" from qcloudsms_py import SmsSingleSender sender = SmsSingleSender(appid, appkey) import random def get_code(): code = '' for i in range(4): code += str(random.randint(0, 9)) return code mobile = 13344556677 # 模板所需参数，和申请的模板中占位符要保持一致 code = get_code() print(code) params = [code, 5] try: result = sender.send_with_param(86, mobile, template_id, params, sign=sms_sign, extend="", ext="") if result and result.get('result') == 0: print('发送成功') except Exception as e: print('短信发送失败：%s' % e)
短信服务二次封装
在libs下创建 tx_sms 包
#init.py from .sms import get_code, send_code #settings.py # 申请的短信应用 SDK AppID APP_ID = 1400 # 申请的短信应用 SDK AppKey APP_KEY = "ba81" # 申请的短信模板ID，需要在短信控制台中申请 TEMPLATE_ID = 5447 # 申请的签名，参数使用的是`签名内容`，而不是`签名ID` SIGN = "Owen的技术栈" #sms.py import random def get_code(): code = '' for i in range(4): code += str(random.randint(0, 9)) return code from qcloudsms_py import SmsSingleSender from . import settings from utils.logging import logger sender = SmsSingleSender(settings.APP_ID, settings.APP_KEY) def send_code(mobile, code, exp): try: result = sender.send_with_param( 86, mobile, settings.TEMPLATE_ID, (code, exp), sign=settings.SIGN, extend="", ext="" ) if result and result.get('result') == 0: return True logger.error('短信发送失败：%s' % result.get('errmsg')) except Exception as e: logger.critical('短信发送异常：%s' % e) return False
四、短信验证码接口
#urls.py path('sms/', views.SMSViewSet.as_view({'get': 'send'})), #throttles.py from rest_framework.throttling import SimpleRateThrottle from django.core.cache import cache from django.conf import settings # 结合手机验证码接口来书写 class SMSRateThrottle(SimpleRateThrottle): scope = 'sms' def get_cache_key(self, request, view): # 手机号是通过get请求提交的 mobile = request.query_params.get('mobile', None) if not mobile: return None # 不限制 # 手机验证码发送失败，不限制，只有发送成功才限制，如果需求是发送失败也做频率限制，就注释下方三行 code = cache.get(settings.SMS_CACHE_KEY % {'mobile': mobile}) if not code: return None return self.cache_format % { 'scope': self.scope, 'ident': mobile, } #const.py # 短信验证码缓存key SMS_CACHE_KEY = 'sms_cache_%(mobile)s' # 短信验证码缓存时间s SMS_CACHE_TIME = 300 #dev.py REST_FRAMEWORK = { 'EXCEPTION_HANDLER': 'utils.exception.exception_handler', 'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES': { 'sms': '1/min' } } #views.py from libs import tx_sms from django.core.cache import cache from django.conf import settings from .throttles import SMSRateThrottle class SMSViewSet(ViewSet): # 设置频率限制，一个手机号一分钟只能访问一次 throttle_classes = [SMSRateThrottle] def send(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # return APIResponse(result=False) # 1）接收前台手机号验证手机格式 mobile = request.query_params.get('mobile', None) if not mobile: return APIResponse(1, 'mobile field required') if not re.match(r'^1[3-9][0-9]{9}$', mobile): return APIResponse(1, 'mobile field error') # 2）后台产生短信验证码 code = tx_sms.get_code() # 3）把验证码交给第三方，发送短信 result = tx_sms.send_code(mobile, code, settings.SMS_CACHE_TIME // 60) # 4）如果短信发送成功，服务器缓存验证码（内存数据库），方便下一次校验 if result: cache.set(settings.SMS_CACHE_KEY % {'mobile': mobile}, code, settings.SMS_CACHE_TIME) # 5）响应前台短信是否发生成功 return APIResponse(result=result)
五、短信登录接口
#urls.py path('mobile/login/', views.MobileLoginViewSet.as_view({'post': 'login'})), #serializers.py import re from django.core.cache import cache class MobileLoginSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): # 覆盖 mobile = serializers.CharField(required=True, write_only=True) # 自定义 code = serializers.CharField(min_length=4, max_length=4, required=True, write_only=True) class Meta: model = models.User fields = ('id', 'username', 'icon', 'mobile', 'code') extra_kwargs = { 'id': { 'read_only': True, }, 'username': { 'read_only': True, }, 'icon': { 'read_only': True, }, } # 手机号格式校验（手机号是否存在校验规则自己考量） def validate_mobile(self, value): if not re.match(r'^1[3-9][0-9]{9}$', value): raise exceptions.ValidationError('mobile field error') return value def validate(self, attrs): # 验证码校验 - 需要验证码与手机号两者参与 mobile = self._check_code(attrs) # 多方式得到user user = self._get_user(mobile) # user签发token token = self._get_token(user) # token用context属性携带给视图类 self.context['token'] = token # 将登录用户对象直接传给视图 self.context['user'] = user return attrs def _check_code(self, attrs): mobile = attrs.get('mobile') code = attrs.pop('code') old_code = cache.get(settings.SMS_CACHE_KEY % {'mobile': mobile}) if code != old_code: raise exceptions.ValidationError({'code': 'double code error'}) else: # 验证码的时效性：一旦验证码验证通过，代表改验证码已使用，需要立即失效 # cache.set(settings.SMS_CACHE_KEY % {'mobile': mobile}, '', -1) pass return mobile def _get_user(self, mobile): try: return models.User.objects.get(mobile=mobile) except: raise exceptions.ValidationError({'mobile': 'user not exist'}) def _get_token(self, user): from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_payload_handler, jwt_encode_handler payload = jwt_payload_handler(user) token = jwt_encode_handler(payload) return token #views.py class MobileLoginViewSet(ViewSet): # 局部禁用认证、权限组件 authentication_classes = () permission_classes = () def login(self, request, *args, **kwargs): serializer = serializers.MobileLoginSerializer(data=request.data, context={'request': request}) if serializer.is_valid(): token = serializer.context.get('token') # 拿到登录用户，直接走序列化过程，将要返回给前台的数据直接序列化好给前台 user = serializer.context.get('user') # 返回给前台的数据结果：id，username，icon，token result = serializers.MobileLoginSerializer(user, context={'request': request}).data result['token'] = token return APIResponse(result=result) return APIResponse(1, serializer.errors)
六、短信注册接口
#urls.py router.register('register', views.RegisterViewSet, 'register') #serializers.py class RegisterSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): code = serializers.CharField(min_length=4, max_length=4, required=True, write_only=True) class Meta: model = models.User fields = ('mobile', 'password', 'code') extra_kwargs = { 'password': { 'min_length': 8, 'max_length': 16, 'write_only': True, } } def validate_mobile(self, value): if not re.match(r'^1[3-9][0-9]{9}$', value): raise exceptions.ValidationError('mobile field error') return value def validate(self, attrs): # 验证码校验 - 需要验证码与手机号两者参与 mobile = attrs.get('mobile') code = attrs.pop('code') old_code = cache.get(settings.SMS_CACHE_KEY % {'mobile': mobile}) if code != old_code: raise exceptions.ValidationError({'code': 'double code error'}) else: # 验证码的时效性：一旦验证码验证通过，代表改验证码已使用，需要立即失效 # cache.set(settings.SMS_CACHE_KEY % {'mobile': mobile}, '', -1) pass # 数据入库必须需要唯一账号：1）前台注册必须提供账号 2）默认用手机号作为账号名，后期可以修改 attrs['username'] = mobile return attrs def create(self, validated_data): # 入库的数据：mobile，password，username return models.User.objects.create_user(**validated_data) #views.py # 手机验证码注册 from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSet from rest_framework import mixins class RegisterViewSet(GenericViewSet, mixins.CreateModelMixin): queryset = models.User.objects.all() serializer_class = serializers.RegisterSerializer def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs): response = super().create(request, *args, **kwargs) return APIResponse(result=response.data, http_status=response.status_code)
课程主页之课程表分析
课程表分析
class Course(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=64) title = models.CharField(max_length=64) students = models.IntegerField(default=0) level = models.IntegerField(choices=((0, '入门'), (1, '进阶')), default=0) time = models.IntegerField(default=0) detail = models.TextField() # 可以关联详情表 type = models.IntegerField(choices=((0, 'Python'), (1, 'Linux')), default=0) is_show = models.BooleanField(default=False) class Meta: abstract = True # 免费课 class FreeCourse(Course): image = models.ImageField(upload_to='course/free') attachment = models.FileField(upload_to='attachment') # 实战课 class ActualCourse(Course): image = models.ImageField(upload_to='course/actual') price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=7, decimal_places=2) cost = models.DecimalField(max_digits=7, decimal_places=2) # 轻课 class LightCourse(Course): image = models.ImageField(upload_to='course/light') price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=7, decimal_places=2) cost = models.DecimalField(max_digits=7, decimal_places=2) period = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='学习建议周期(month)', default=0) # 评论表：分三个表、(id，ctx，date，user_id，free_course_id, comment_id) # 老师表：在课程表建立多对一外键 # 章节表：在章节表建立多对一外键关联课程 # 课时表：在课时表建立多对一外键关联章节
免费课案例
创建models：course/models.py
class CourseCategory(BaseModel): """分类""" name = models.CharField(max_length=64, unique=True, verbose_name="分类名称") class Meta: db_table = "luffy_course_category" verbose_name = "分类" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name def __str__(self): return "%s" % self.name class Course(BaseModel): """课程""" course_type = ( (0, '付费'), (1, 'VIP专享'), (2, '学位课程') ) level_choices = ( (0, '初级'), (1, '中级'), (2, '高级'), ) status_choices = ( (0, '上线'), (1, '下线'), (2, '预上线'), ) name = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name="课程名称") course_img = models.ImageField(upload_to="courses", max_length=255, verbose_name="封面图片", blank=True, null=True) course_type = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=course_type, default=0, verbose_name="付费类型") # 使用这个字段的原因 brief = models.TextField(max_length=2048, verbose_name="详情介绍", null=True, blank=True) level = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=level_choices, default=0, verbose_name="难度等级") pub_date = models.DateField(verbose_name="发布日期", auto_now_add=True) period = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="建议学习周期(day)", default=7) attachment_path = models.FileField(upload_to="attachment", max_length=128, verbose_name="课件路径", blank=True, null=True) status = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=status_choices, default=0, verbose_name="课程状态") course_category = models.ForeignKey("CourseCategory", on_delete=models.SET_NULL, db_constraint=False, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="课程分类") students = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="学习人数", default=0) sections = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="总课时数量", default=0) pub_sections = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="课时更新数量", default=0) price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=6, decimal_places=2, verbose_name="课程原价", default=0) teacher = models.ForeignKey("Teacher", on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="授课老师") class Meta: db_table = "luffy_course" verbose_name = "课程" verbose_name_plural = "课程" def __str__(self): return "%s" % self.name class Teacher(BaseModel): """导师""" role_choices = ( (0, '讲师'), (1, '导师'), (2, '班主任'), ) name = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name="导师名") role = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=role_choices, default=0, verbose_name="导师身份") title = models.CharField(max_length=64, verbose_name="职位、职称") signature = models.CharField(max_length=255, verbose_name="导师签名", help_text="导师签名", blank=True, null=True) image = models.ImageField(upload_to="teacher", null=True, verbose_name="导师封面") brief = models.TextField(max_length=1024, verbose_name="导师描述") class Meta: db_table = "luffy_teacher" verbose_name = "导师" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name def __str__(self): return "%s" % self.name class CourseChapter(BaseModel): """章节""" course = models.ForeignKey("Course", related_name='coursechapters', on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="课程名称") chapter = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="第几章", default=1) name = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name="章节标题") summary = models.TextField(verbose_name="章节介绍", blank=True, null=True) pub_date = models.DateField(verbose_name="发布日期", auto_now_add=True) class Meta: db_table = "luffy_course_chapter" verbose_name = "章节" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name def __str__(self): return "%s:(第%s章)%s" % (self.course, self.chapter, self.name) class CourseSection(BaseModel): """课时""" section_type_choices = ( (0, '文档'), (1, '练习'), (2, '视频') ) chapter = models.ForeignKey("CourseChapter", related_name='coursesections', on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="课程章节") name = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name="课时标题") orders = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField(verbose_name="课时排序") section_type = models.SmallIntegerField(default=2, choices=section_type_choices, verbose_name="课时种类") section_link = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True, verbose_name="课时链接", help_text="若是video，填vid,若是文档，填link") duration = models.CharField(verbose_name="视频时长", blank=True, null=True, max_length=32) # 仅在前端展示使用 pub_date = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="发布时间", auto_now_add=True) free_trail = models.BooleanField(verbose_name="是否可试看", default=False) class Meta: db_table = "luffy_course_Section" verbose_name = "课时" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name def __str__(self): return "%s-%s" % (self.chapter, self.name)
注册models：course/adminx.py
import xadmin from . import models xadmin.site.register(models.CourseCategory) xadmin.site.register(models.Course) xadmin.site.register(models.Teacher) xadmin.site.register(models.CourseChapter) xadmin.site.register(models.CourseSection)
数据库迁移
>: python manage.py makemigrations
>: python manage.py migrate
课程主页之课程表数据
资源手动迁移
# 头像图片放在 media/teacher 文件夹下 # 课程图片放在 media/course 文件夹下
##老师表 INSERT INTO luffy_teacher(id, orders, is_show, is_delete, created_time, updated_time, name, role, title, signature, image, brief) VALUES (1, 1, 1, 0, '2019-07-14 13:44:19.661327', '2019-07-14 13:46:54.246271', 'Alex', 1, '老男孩Python教学总监', '金角大王', 'teacher/alex_icon.png', '老男孩教育CTO & CO-FOUNDER 国内知名PYTHON语言推广者 51CTO学院2016\2017年度最受学员喜爱10大讲师之一 多款开源软件作者 曾任职公安部、飞信、中金公司、NOKIA中国研究院、华尔街英语、ADVENT、汽车之家等公司'); INSERT INTO luffy_teacher(id, orders, is_show, is_delete, created_time, updated_time, name, role, title, signature, image, brief) VALUES (2, 2, 1, 0, '2019-07-14 13:45:25.092902', '2019-07-14 13:45:25.092936', 'Mjj', 0, '前美团前端项目组架构师', NULL, 'teacher/mjj_icon.png', '是马JJ老师, 一个集美貌与才华于一身的男人，搞过几年IOS，又转了前端开发几年，曾就职于美团网任高级前端开发，后来因为不同意王兴(美团老板)的战略布局而出家做老师去了，有丰富的教学经验，开起车来也毫不含糊。一直专注在前端的前沿技术领域。同时，爱好抽烟、喝酒、烫头(锡纸烫)。 我的最爱是前端，因为前端妹子多。'); INSERT INTO luffy_teacher(id, orders, is_show, is_delete, created_time, updated_time, name, role, title, signature, image, brief) VALUES (3, 3, 1, 0, '2019-07-14 13:46:21.997846', '2019-07-14 13:46:21.997880', 'Lyy', 0, '老男孩Linux学科带头人', NULL, 'teacher/lyy_icon.png', 'Linux运维技术专家，老男孩Linux金牌讲师，讲课风趣幽默、深入浅出、声音洪亮到爆炸'); ##分类表 INSERT INTO luffy_course_category(id, orders, is_show, is_delete, created_time, updated_time, name) VALUES (1, 1, 1, 0, '2019-07-14 13:40:58.690413', '2019-07-14 13:40:58.690477', 'Python'); INSERT INTO luffy_course_category(id, orders, is_show, is_delete, created_time, updated_time, name) VALUES (2, 2, 1, 0, '2019-07-14 13:41:08.249735', '2019-07-14 13:41:08.249817', 'Linux'); ##课程表 INSERT INTO luffy_course(id, orders, is_show, is_delete, created_time, updated_time, name, course_img, course_type, brief, level, pub_date, period, attachment_path, status, students, sections, pub_sections, price, course_category_id, teacher_id) VALUES (1, 1, 1, 0, '2019-07-14 13:54:33.095201', '2019-07-14 13:54:33.095238', 'Python开发21天入门', 'courses/alex_python.png', 0, 'Python从入门到入土&&&Python从入门到入土&&&Python从入门到入土&&&Python从入门到入土&&&Python从入门到入土&&&Python从入门到入土&&&Python从入门到入土&&&Python从入门到入土&&&Python从入门到入土&&&Python从入门到入土&&&Python从入门到入土&&&Python从入门到入土', 0, '2019-07-14', 21, '', 0, 231, 120, 120, 0.00, 1, 1); INSERT INTO luffy_course(id, orders, is_show, is_delete, created_time, updated_time, name, course_img, course_type, brief, level, pub_date, period, attachment_path, status, students, sections, pub_sections, price, course_category_id, teacher_id) VALUES (2, 2, 1, 0, '2019-07-14 13:56:05.051103', '2019-07-14 13:56:05.051142', 'Python项目实战', 'courses/mjj_python.png', 0, '', 1, '2019-07-14', 30, '', 0, 340, 120, 120, 99.00, 1, 2); INSERT INTO luffy_course(id, orders, is_show, is_delete, created_time, updated_time, name, course_img, course_type, brief, level, pub_date, period, attachment_path, status, students, sections, pub_sections, price, course_category_id, teacher_id) VALUES (3, 3, 1, 0, '2019-07-14 13:57:21.190053', '2019-07-14 13:57:21.190095', 'Linux系统基础5周入门精讲', 'courses/lyy_linux.png', 0, '', 0, '2019-07-14', 25, '', 0, 219, 100, 100, 39.00, 2, 3); ##章节表 INSERT INTO luffy_course_chapter(id, orders, is_show, is_delete, created_time, updated_time, chapter, name, summary, pub_date, course_id) VALUES (1, 1, 1, 0, '2019-07-14 13:58:34.867005', '2019-07-14 14:00:58.276541', 1, '计算机原理', '', '2019-07-14', 1); INSERT INTO luffy_course_chapter(id, orders, is_show, is_delete, created_time, updated_time, chapter, name, summary, pub_date, course_id) VALUES (2, 2, 1, 0, '2019-07-14 13:58:48.051543', '2019-07-14 14:01:22.024206', 2, '环境搭建', '', '2019-07-14', 1); INSERT INTO luffy_course_chapter(id, orders, is_show, is_delete, created_time, updated_time, chapter, name, summary, pub_date, course_id) VALUES (3, 3, 1, 0, '2019-07-14 13:59:09.878183', '2019-07-14 14:01:40.048608', 1, '项目创建', '', '2019-07-14', 2); INSERT INTO luffy_course_chapter(id, orders, is_show, is_delete, created_time, updated_time, chapter, name, summary, pub_date, course_id) VALUES (4, 4, 1, 0, '2019-07-14 13:59:37.448626', '2019-07-14 14:01:58.709652', 1, 'Linux环境创建', '', '2019-07-14', 3); ##课时表 INSERT INTO luffy_course_Section(id, is_show, is_delete, created_time, updated_time, name, orders, section_type, section_link, duration, pub_date, free_trail, chapter_id) VALUES (1, 1, 0, '2019-07-14 14:02:33.779098', '2019-07-14 14:02:33.779135', '计算机原理上', 1, 2, NULL, NULL, '2019-07-14 14:02:33.779193', 1, 1); INSERT INTO luffy_course_Section(id, is_show, is_delete, created_time, updated_time, name, orders, section_type, section_link, duration, pub_date, free_trail, chapter_id) VALUES (2, 1, 0, '2019-07-14 14:02:56.657134', '2019-07-14 14:02:56.657173', '计算机原理下', 2, 2, NULL, NULL, '2019-07-14 14:02:56.657227', 1, 1); INSERT INTO luffy_course_Section(id, is_show, is_delete, created_time, updated_time, name, orders, section_type, section_link, duration, pub_date, free_trail, chapter_id) VALUES (3, 1, 0, '2019-07-14 14:03:20.493324', '2019-07-14 14:03:52.329394', '环境搭建上', 1, 2, NULL, NULL, '2019-07-14 14:03:20.493420', 0, 2); INSERT INTO luffy_course_Section(id, is_show, is_delete, created_time, updated_time, name, orders, section_type, section_link, duration, pub_date, free_trail, chapter_id) VALUES (4, 1, 0, '2019-07-14 14:03:36.472742', '2019-07-14 14:03:36.472779', '环境搭建下', 2, 2, NULL, NULL, '2019-07-14 14:03:36.472831', 0, 2); INSERT INTO luffy_course_Section(id, is_show, is_delete, created_time, updated_time, name, orders, section_type, section_link, duration, pub_date, free_trail, chapter_id) VALUES (5, 1, 0, '2019-07-14 14:04:19.338153', '2019-07-14 14:04:19.338192', 'web项目的创建', 1, 2, NULL, NULL, '2019-07-14 14:04:19.338252', 1, 3); INSERT INTO luffy_course_Section(id, is_show, is_delete, created_time, updated_time, name, orders, section_type, section_link, duration, pub_date, free_trail, chapter_id) VALUES (6, 1, 0, '2019-07-14 14:04:52.895855', '2019-07-14 14:04:52.895890', 'Linux的环境搭建', 1, 2, NULL, NULL, '2019-07-14 14:04:52.895942', 1, 4);
课程主页之课程接口
路由：course/urls.py
router.register('categories', views.CourseCategoryViewSet, 'categories') # 分类 router.register('free', views.CourseViewSet, 'free') # 课程
视图：course/views.py
from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSet from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin from . import models, serializers # 课程分类群查 class CourseCategoryViewSet(GenericViewSet, ListModelMixin): queryset = models.CourseCategory.objects.filter(is_delete=False, is_show=True).all() serializer_class = serializers.CourseCategorySerializer # 课程群查 # 分页组件：基础分页(采用)、偏移分页、游标分页(了解) from . import pagination # 过滤组件：搜索功能、排序功能 from rest_framework.filters import SearchFilter, OrderingFilter # django-filter插件：分类功能 from django_filters.rest_framework import DjangoFilterBackend from .filters import CourseFilterSet # 前台携带所有过滤规则的请求url： # http://127.0.0.1:8000/course/free/?page=1&page_size=10&search=python&ordering=-price&min_price=30&count=1 class CourseViewSet(GenericViewSet, ListModelMixin): queryset = models.Course.objects.filter(is_delete=False, is_show=True).all() serializer_class = serializers.CourseSerializer # 分页组件 pagination_class = pagination.PageNumberPagination # 过滤组件：实际开发，有多个过滤条件时，要把优先级高的放在前面 filter_backends = [SearchFilter, OrderingFilter, DjangoFilterBackend] # 参与搜索的字段 search_fields = ['name', 'id', 'brief'] # 允许排序的字段 ordering_fields = ['id', 'price', 'students'] # 过滤类：分类过滤、区间过滤 filter_class = CourseFilterSet
分类区间过滤：filters.py
# django-filter插件 过滤类 from django_filters.filterset import FilterSet from . import models from django_filters import filters class CourseFilterSet(FilterSet): # 区间过滤：field_name关联的Model字段；lookup_expr设置规则；gt是大于，gte是大于等于； min_price = filters.NumberFilter(field_name='price', lookup_expr='gte') max_price = filters.NumberFilter(field_name='price', lookup_expr='lte') class Meta: model = models.Course # 如果过滤条件仅仅就是Model已有的字段，方式一更好 # 但是方式二可以自定义过滤字段 fields = ['course_category', 'min_price', 'max_price']
分页：paginations.py
from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination as DrfPageNumberPagination class PageNumberPagination(DrfPageNumberPagination): # 默认一页显示的条数 page_size = 2 # url中携带页码的key page_query_param = 'page' # url中用户携带自定义一页条数的key page_size_query_param = 'page_size' # 用户最大可自定义一页的条数 max_page_size = 10
模型：course/models.py
class Course(BaseModel): # ... @property def course_type_name(self): return self.get_course_type_display() @property def level_name(self): return self.get_level_display() @property def status_name(self): return self.get_status_display() # 连表序列化字段 @property def section_list(self): # 检索所以章节所以课时，返回前4课时，不足4课时全部返回 temp_section_list = [] for chapter in self.coursechapters.all(): for section in chapter.coursesections.all(): temp_section_list.append({ 'name': section.name, 'section_link': section.section_link, 'duration': section.duration, 'free_trail': section.free_trail, }) if len(temp_section_list) >= 4: return temp_section_list # 最多4条 return temp_section_list # 不足4条 class Teacher(BaseModel): # ... @property def role_name(self): return self.get_role_display()
序列化：course/serializers.py
from rest_framework import serializers from . import models class CourseCategorySerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = models.CourseCategory fields = ('id', 'name') # 子序列化 class TeacherSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = models.Teacher fields = ('name', 'role_name', 'title', 'signature', 'image', 'brief') class CourseSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): teacher = TeacherSerializer(many=False) class Meta: model = models.Course fields = ( 'id', 'name', 'course_img', 'brief', 'attachment_path', 'pub_sections', 'price', 'students', 'period', 'sections', 'course_type_name', 'level_name', 'status_name', 'teacher', 'section_list', )
补充
""" GenericAPIView：额外的两个属性两个方法 filter_backends：配置过滤类们 filter_queryset()：调用配置的过滤类完成过滤（都是在群查接口中完成，传入queryset，接收过滤后的queryset） # 源码使用 queryset = self.filter_queryset(self.get_queryset()) pagination_class：配置分页类 paginate_queryset()：调用配置的分页类完成分页（都是在群查接口中完成，传入queryset，接收分页滤后的分页对象） # 源码使用 page = self.paginate_queryset(queryset) if page is not None: serializer = self.get_serializer(page, many=True) return self.get_paginated_response(serializer.data) """ """ 搜索组件 1）在视图文件views.py中导入drf的搜索组件 from rest_framework.filters import SearchFilter 2）将搜索组件配置给群查接口视图类的filter_backends filter_backends = [SearchFilter] 3）配置视图类关联的Model表参与搜索的字段 search_fields = ['name', 'id'] 4）前台访问该群查接口，采用拼接参数方式用search关键字将搜索目标提供给后台 http://127.0.0.1:8000/course/free/?search=2 # id或name中包含2的所有结果 """ """ 排序组件 1）在视图文件views.py中导入drf的搜索组件 from rest_framework.filters import OrderingFilter 2）将搜索组件配置给群查接口视图类的filter_backends filter_backends = [OrderingFilter] 3）配置视图类关联的Model表允许排序的字段 ordering_fields = ['id', 'price'] 4）前台访问该群查接口，采用拼接参数方式用search关键字将搜索目标提供给后台 http://127.0.0.1:8000/course/free/?ordering=price,-id # 按price升序，如果price相同，再按id降序 """ """ django-filter插件：分类功能 前提：安装django-filter插件 >: pip install django-filter 方式一 1）在视图文件views.py中导入django-filter的功能组件 from django_filters.rest_framework import DjangoFilterBackend 2）将搜索组件配置给群查接口视图类的filter_backends filter_backends = [DjangoFilterBackend] 3）配置视图类关联的Model表可以分类的字段（通常是可以分组的字段） filter_fields = ['course_category'] 4）前台访问该群查接口，采用拼接参数方式用分类course_category字段将分类条件提供给后台 http://127.0.0.1:8000/course/free/?course_category=1 # 拿课程分类1下的所有课程 方式二 1）自定义过滤类继承django-filter插件的FilterSet类，绑定Model表，并设置分类字段 from django_filters.filterset import FilterSet from . import models class CourseFilterSet(FilterSet): class Meta: model = models.Course fields = ['course_category'] 2）在视图文件views.py中导入django-filter的功能组件及自定义的过滤类 from django_filters.rest_framework import DjangoFilterBackend from .filters import CourseFilterSet 3）将搜索组件配置给群查接口视图类的filter_backends filter_backends = [DjangoFilterBackend] 4）配置视图类关联的自定义过滤类 filter_class = CourseFilterSet 5）前台访问该群查接口，采用拼接参数方式用分类course_category字段将分类条件提供给后台 http://127.0.0.1:8000/course/free/?course_category=1 # 拿课程分类1下的所有课程 """ """ 区间过滤 1）自定义过滤类继承django-filter插件的FilterSet类，绑定Model表，并设置自定义区间规则字段 from django_filters.filterset import FilterSet from . import models class CourseFilterSet(FilterSet): # 区间过滤：field_name关联的Model字段；lookup_expr设置规则；gt是大于，gte是大于等于； min_price = filters.NumberFilter(field_name='price', lookup_expr='gte') max_price = filters.NumberFilter(field_name='price', lookup_expr='lte') class Meta: model = models.Course fields = ['min_price', 'max_price'] 2）在视图文件views.py中导入django-filter的功能组件及自定义的过滤类 from django_filters.rest_framework import DjangoFilterBackend from .filters import CourseFilterSet 3）将搜索组件配置给群查接口视图类的filter_backends filter_backends = [DjangoFilterBackend] 4）配置视图类关联的自定义过滤类 filter_class = CourseFilterSet 5）前台访问该群查接口，采用拼接参数方式用自定义区间规则字段将区间条件提供给后台 http://127.0.0.1:8000/course/free/?min_price=30&max_price=60 # 拿课程价格在30~60的所有课程 """
课程详情页之后台
详情页后台
路由：source/urls.py
router.register('free', views.CourseViewSet, 'free') # 课程 router.register('chapters', views.ChapterViewSet, 'chapter') # 章节
视图：source/views.py
from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSet from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin from . import models, serializers # 课程群查 from . import pagination from rest_framework.filters import SearchFilter, OrderingFilter from django_filters.rest_framework import DjangoFilterBackend from .filters import CourseFilterSet class CourseViewSet(GenericViewSet, ListModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin): queryset = models.Course.objects.filter(is_delete=False, is_show=True).all() serializer_class = serializers.CourseSerializer pagination_class = pagination.PageNumberPagination filter_backends = [SearchFilter, OrderingFilter, DjangoFilterBackend] search_fields = ['name', 'id', 'brief'] ordering_fields = ['id', 'price', 'students'] filter_class = CourseFilterSet # 一个课程的所有章节（群查） class ChapterViewSet(GenericViewSet, ListModelMixin): queryset = models.CourseChapter.objects.filter(is_delete=False, is_show=True).all() serializer_class = serializers.CourseChapterSerializer # 基于课程分类条件下的查询 filter_backends = [DjangoFilterBackend] filter_fields = ['course']
序列化：source/serializers.py
# ... class CourseSectionSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = models.CourseSection fields = ('name', 'orders', 'section_link', 'duration', 'free_trail') class CourseChapterSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): coursesections = CourseSectionSerializer(many=True) class Meta: model = models.CourseChapter fields = ('name', 'chapter', 'summary', 'coursesections')
搜索后台接口
路由：course/urls.py
router.register('search', views.SearchCourseViewSet, 'search') # 搜索课程
视图：course/views.py
from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSet from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin from rest_framework.filters import SearchFilter from . import models, serializers # 搜索课程接口 class SearchCourseViewSet(GenericViewSet, ListModelMixin): queryset = models.Course.objects.filter(is_delete=False, is_show=True).all() serializer_class = serializers.CourseSerializer pagination_class = pagination.PageNumberPagination filter_backends = [SearchFilter] search_fields = ['name']
