Mysql 数据库(九)

一 视图

  什么是视图:视图就是一张虚拟表。方便查看。

  创建视图:create view 起名 as sql语句

#两张有关系的表
mysql> select * from course;
+-----+--------+------------+
| cid | cname  | teacher_id |
+-----+--------+------------+
|   1 | 生物   |          1 |
|   2 | 物理   |          2 |
|   3 | 体育   |          3 |
|   4 | 美术   |          2 |
+-----+--------+------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from teacher;
+-----+-----------------+
| tid | tname           |
+-----+-----------------+
|   1 | 张磊老师        |
|   2 | 李平老师        |
|   3 | 刘海燕老师      |
|   4 | 朱云海老师      |
|   5 | 李杰老师        |
+-----+-----------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

#查询李平老师教授的课程名
mysql> select cname from course where teacher_id = (select tid from teacher where tname='李平老师');
+--------+
| cname  |
+--------+
| 物理   |
| 美术   |
+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

#子查询出临时表,作为teacher_id等判断依据
select tid from teacher where tname='李平老师'
#语法:CREATE VIEW 视图名称 AS  SQL语句
create view teacher_view as select tid from teacher where tname='李平老师';
 
#于是查询李平老师教授的课程名的sql可以改写为
mysql> select cname from course where teacher_id = (select tid from teacher_view);
+--------+
| cname  |
+--------+
| 物理   |
| 美术   |
+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
#!!!注意注意注意:
#1. 使用视图以后就无需每次都重写子查询的sql,但是这么效率并不高,还不如我们写子查询的效率高
 
#2. 而且有一个致命的问题:视图是存放到数据库里的,如果我们程序中的sql过分依赖于数据库中存放的视图,那么意味着,一旦sql需要修改且涉及到视图的部分,则必须去数据库中进行修改,而通常在公司中数据库有专门的DBA负责,你要想完成修改,必须付出大量的沟通成本DBA可能才会帮你完成修改,极其地不方便

  注意sql语句不能包括子查询。

使用视图:

#修改视图,原始表也跟着改
mysql> select * from course;
+-----+--------+------------+
| cid | cname  | teacher_id |
+-----+--------+------------+
|   1 | 生物   |          1 |
|   2 | 物理   |          2 |
|   3 | 体育   |          3 |
|   4 | 美术   |          2 |
+-----+--------+------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> create view course_view as select * from course; #创建表course的视图
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.52 sec)
 
mysql> select * from course_view;
+-----+--------+------------+
| cid | cname  | teacher_id |
+-----+--------+------------+
|   1 | 生物   |          1 |
|   2 | 物理   |          2 |
|   3 | 体育   |          3 |
|   4 | 美术   |          2 |
+-----+--------+------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  
mysql> update course_view set cname='xxx'; #更新视图中的数据
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.04 sec)
Rows matched: 4  Changed: 4  Warnings: 0
 
mysql> insert into course_view values(5,'yyy',2); #往视图中插入数据
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
 
mysql> select * from course; #发现原始表的记录也跟着修改了
+-----+-------+------------+
| cid | cname | teacher_id |
+-----+-------+------------+
|   1 | xxx   |          1 |
|   2 | xxx   |          2 |
|   3 | xxx   |          3 |
|   4 | xxx   |          2 |
|   5 | yyy   |          2 |
+-----+-------+------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

修改视图:alter view 视图名称 as sql语句

语法:ALTER VIEW 视图名称 AS SQL语句
mysql> alter view teacher_view as select * from course where cid>3;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
 
mysql> select * from teacher_view;
+-----+-------+------------+
| cid | cname | teacher_id |
+-----+-------+------------+
|   4 | xxx   |          2 |
|   5 | yyy   |          2 |
+-----+-------+------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

删除视图:drop view 视图名  

DROP VIEW teacher_view

二 触发器

 什么是触发器:由一个行为触发了某一个行为。也就是用户对于表的增删改的操作前后的行为。

 创建触发器:

# 插入前
CREATE TRIGGER tri_before_insert_tb1 BEFORE INSERT ON tb1 FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
    ...
END

# 插入后
CREATE TRIGGER tri_after_insert_tb1 AFTER INSERT ON tb1 FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
    ...
END

# 删除前
CREATE TRIGGER tri_before_delete_tb1 BEFORE DELETE ON tb1 FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
    ...
END

# 删除后
CREATE TRIGGER tri_after_delete_tb1 AFTER DELETE ON tb1 FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
    ...
END

# 更新前
CREATE TRIGGER tri_before_update_tb1 BEFORE UPDATE ON tb1 FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
    ...
END

# 更新后
CREATE TRIGGER tri_after_update_tb1 AFTER UPDATE ON tb1 FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
    ...
END

 trigger:触发器

 for each row:每一行

 before:执行前

 after:执行后

 插入触发触发器:

#准备表
CREATE TABLE cmd (
    id INT PRIMARY KEY auto_increment,
    USER CHAR (32),
    priv CHAR (10),
    cmd CHAR (64),
    sub_time datetime, #提交时间
    success enum ('yes', 'no') #0代表执行失败
);

CREATE TABLE errlog (
    id INT PRIMARY KEY auto_increment,
    err_cmd CHAR (64),
    err_time datetime
);

#创建触发器
delimiter //
CREATE TRIGGER tri_after_insert_cmd AFTER INSERT ON cmd FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
    IF NEW.success = 'no' THEN #等值判断只有一个等号
            INSERT INTO errlog(err_cmd, err_time) VALUES(NEW.cmd, NEW.sub_time) ; #必须加分号
      END IF ; #必须加分号
END//
delimiter ;


#往表cmd中插入记录,触发触发器,根据IF的条件决定是否插入错误日志
INSERT INTO cmd (
    USER,
    priv,
    cmd,
    sub_time,
    success
)
VALUES
    ('egon','0755','ls -l /etc',NOW(),'yes'),
    ('egon','0755','cat /etc/passwd',NOW(),'no'),
    ('egon','0755','useradd xxx',NOW(),'no'),
    ('egon','0755','ps aux',NOW(),'yes');


#查询错误日志,发现有两条
mysql> select * from errlog;
+----+-----------------+---------------------+
| id | err_cmd         | err_time            |
+----+-----------------+---------------------+
|  1 | cat /etc/passwd | 2017-09-14 22:18:48 |
|  2 | useradd xxx     | 2017-09-14 22:18:48 |
+----+-----------------+---------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 new:刚插入的数据;old:早已存在的数据

 delimiter :命名结束符号。

 触发器无法有用户直接调用,而知由于对表的增删改操作被动引发的。

 删除触发器:

drop trigger tri_after_insert_cmd;

 三 事物

 什么是事物:包含着一堆sql语句,要么同时成功,要么同时失败。

 start transaction:开启事物。

 rollbask:如果出现异常,就要执行这个命令,还原开始的记录

 commit:事务的语句执行完毕后,用这个命令提交一下。

 try:扑捉异常;except:抛出异常。

如下:  

create table user(
id int primary key auto_increment,
name char(32),
balance int
);
 
insert into user(name,balance)
values
('wsb',1000),
('egon',1000),
('ysb',1000);
 
#原子操作
start transaction;
update user set balance=900 where name='wsb'; #买支付100元
update user set balance=1010 where name='egon'; #中介拿走10元
update user set balance=1090 where name='ysb'; #卖家拿到90元
commit;
 
#出现异常,回滚到初始状态
start transaction;
update user set balance=900 where name='wsb'; #买支付100元
update user set balance=1010 where name='egon'; #中介拿走10元
uppdate user set balance=1090 where name='ysb'; #卖家拿到90元,出现异常没有拿到
rollback;
commit;
mysql> select * from user;
+----+------+---------+
| id | name | balance |
+----+------+---------+
|  1 | wsb  |    1000 |
|  2 | egon |    1000 |
|  3 | ysb  |    1000 |
+----+------+---------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 四 存储过程

 什么是存储过程:也就是一堆失去了语句,与存储有关的。

 只要一执行存储过程,就会触发一堆sql语句的执行。

 优点:用来代替程序写的sql语句,实现程序与数据库的解耦。

    基于网络传输,传别名数据量小,直接传sql数据量大。

 缺点:扩展不方便

 程序与sql语句结合使用的方式

 1 mysql:存储过程           程序:调用存储过程

 2 mysql:什么都不做         程序:纯sql语句

 3 mysql:什么都不做       程序:类和对象,即orm(本质还是纯sql语句)

创建存储过程程序:

 procedure:创建函数

 call:在数据库中执行存储过程函数

 callproc:在python中基于pymysql模块执行存储过程函数

  1 创建无参存储过程程序:

delimiter //
create procedure p1()
BEGIN
    select * from blog;
    INSERT into blog(name,sub_time) values("xxx",now());
END //
delimiter ;
 
#在mysql中调用
call p1()
 
#在python中基于pymysql调用
cursor.callproc('p1')
print(cursor.fetchall())

 2 创建有参存储过程程序: 

 in:接收参数

delimiter //
create procedure p2(
    in n1 int,
    in n2 int
)
BEGIN
    
    select * from blog where id > n1;
END //
delimiter ;

#在mysql中调用
call p2(3,2)

#在python中基于pymysql调用
cursor.callproc('p2',(3,2))
print(cursor.fetchall())

out:返回值的参数  

delimiter //
create procedure p3(
    in n1 int,
    out res int
)
BEGIN
    select * from blog where id > n1;
    set res = 1;
END //
delimiter ;

#在mysql中调用
set @res=0; #0代表假(执行失败),1代表真(执行成功)
call p3(3,@res);
select @res;

#在python中基于pymysql调用
cursor.callproc('p3',(3,0)) #0相当于set @res=0
print(cursor.fetchall()) #查询select的查询结果

cursor.execute('select @_p3_0,@_p3_1;') #@p3_0代表第一个参数,@p3_1代表第二个参数,即返回值
print(cursor.fetchall())

 注意:in接收的参数值不能够当作out的返回值使用。

 inout:既可以传入值,又可以做为返回值。

delimiter //
create procedure p4(
    inout n1 int
)
BEGIN
    select * from blog where id > n1;
    set n1 = 1;
END //
delimiter ;

#在mysql中调用
set @x=3;
call p4(@x);
select @x;


#在python中基于pymysql调用
cursor.callproc('p4',(3,))
print(cursor.fetchall()) #查询select的查询结果

cursor.execute('select @_p4_0;') 
print(cursor.fetchall())

事物:  

#介绍
delimiter //
            create procedure p4(
                out status int
            )
            BEGIN
                1. 声明如果出现异常则执行{
                    set status = 1;
                    rollback;
                }
                   
                开始事务
                    -- 由秦兵账户减去100
                    -- 方少伟账户加90
                    -- 张根账户加10
                    commit;
                结束
                
                set status = 2;
                
                
            END //
            delimiter ;

#实现
delimiter //
create PROCEDURE p5(
    OUT p_return_code tinyint
)
BEGIN 
    DECLARE exit handler for sqlexception 
    BEGIN 
        -- ERROR 
        set p_return_code = 1; 
        rollback; 
    END; 

    DECLARE exit handler for sqlwarning 
    BEGIN 
        -- WARNING 
        set p_return_code = 2; 
        rollback; 
    END; 

    START TRANSACTION; 
        DELETE from tb1; #执行失败
        insert into blog(name,sub_time) values('yyy',now());
    COMMIT; 

    -- SUCCESS 
    set p_return_code = 0; #0代表执行成功

END //
delimiter ;

#在mysql中调用存储过程
set @res=123;
call p5(@res);
select @res;

#在python中基于pymysql调用存储过程
cursor.callproc('p5',(123,))
print(cursor.fetchall()) #查询select的查询结果

cursor.execute('select @_p5_0;')
print(cursor.fetchall())

执行存储过程:

 在MySQL中执行:

-- 无参数
call proc_name()
 
-- 有参数,全in
call proc_name(1,2)
 
-- 有参数,有in,out,inout
set @t1=0;
set @t2=3;
call proc_name(1,2,@t1,@t2)

 set @:定义变量

 在python中基于pymysql模块执行:

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import pymysql
 
conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='123', db='t1')
cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
# 执行存储过程
cursor.callproc('p1', args=(1, 22, 3, 4))
# 获取执行完存储的参数
cursor.execute("select @_p1_0,@_p1_1,@_p1_2,@_p1_3")
result = cursor.fetchall()
 
conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()
 
 
print(result)

 select @_名_值:获取执行完的存储参数。

删除存储过程:

drop procedure proc_name;

 五 函数

 mysql中部分内置函数:

CHAR_LENGTH(str)
        返回值为字符串str 的长度,长度的单位为字符。一个多字节字符算作一个单字符。
        对于一个包含五个二字节字符集, LENGTH()返回值为 10, 而CHAR_LENGTH()的返回值为5。

    CONCAT(str1,str2,...)
        字符串拼接
        如有任何一个参数为NULL ,则返回值为 NULL。
    CONCAT_WS(separator,str1,str2,...)
        字符串拼接(自定义连接符)
        CONCAT_WS()不会忽略任何空字符串。 (然而会忽略所有的 NULL)。

    CONV(N,from_base,to_base)
        进制转换
        例如:
            SELECT CONV('a',16,2); 表示将 a 由16进制转换为2进制字符串表示

    FORMAT(X,D)
        将数字X 的格式写为'#,###,###.##',以四舍五入的方式保留小数点后 D 位, 并将结果以字符串的形式返回。若  D 为 0, 则返回结果不带有小数点,或不含小数部分。
        例如:
            SELECT FORMAT(12332.1,4); 结果为: '12,332.1000'
    INSERT(str,pos,len,newstr)
        在str的指定位置插入字符串
            pos:要替换位置其实位置
            len:替换的长度
            newstr:新字符串
        特别的:
            如果pos超过原字符串长度,则返回原字符串
            如果len超过原字符串长度,则由新字符串完全替换
    INSTR(str,substr)
        返回字符串 str 中子字符串的第一个出现位置。

    LEFT(str,len)
        返回字符串str 从开始的len位置的子序列字符。

    LOWER(str)
        变小写

    UPPER(str)
        变大写

    LTRIM(str)
        返回字符串 str ,其引导空格字符被删除。
    RTRIM(str)
        返回字符串 str ,结尾空格字符被删去。
    SUBSTRING(str,pos,len)
        获取字符串子序列

    LOCATE(substr,str,pos)
        获取子序列索引位置

    REPEAT(str,count)
        返回一个由重复的字符串str 组成的字符串,字符串str的数目等于count 。
        若 count <= 0,则返回一个空字符串。
        若str 或 count 为 NULL,则返回 NULL 。
    REPLACE(str,from_str,to_str)
        返回字符串str 以及所有被字符串to_str替代的字符串from_str 。
    REVERSE(str)
        返回字符串 str ,顺序和字符顺序相反。
    RIGHT(str,len)
        从字符串str 开始,返回从后边开始len个字符组成的子序列

    SPACE(N)
        返回一个由N空格组成的字符串。

    SUBSTRING(str,pos) , SUBSTRING(str FROM pos) SUBSTRING(str,pos,len) , SUBSTRING(str FROM pos FOR len)
        不带有len 参数的格式从字符串str返回一个子字符串,起始于位置 pos。带有len参数的格式从字符串str返回一个长度同len字符相同的子字符串,起始于位置 pos。 使用 FROM的格式为标准 SQL 语法。也可能对pos使用一个负值。假若这样,则子字符串的位置起始于字符串结尾的pos 字符,而不是字符串的开头位置。在以下格式的函数中可以对pos 使用一个负值。

        mysql> SELECT SUBSTRING('Quadratically',5);
            -> 'ratically'

        mysql> SELECT SUBSTRING('foobarbar' FROM 4);
            -> 'barbar'

        mysql> SELECT SUBSTRING('Quadratically',5,6);
            -> 'ratica'

        mysql> SELECT SUBSTRING('Sakila', -3);
            -> 'ila'

        mysql> SELECT SUBSTRING('Sakila', -5, 3);
            -> 'aki'

        mysql> SELECT SUBSTRING('Sakila' FROM -4 FOR 2);
            -> 'ki'

    TRIM([{BOTH | LEADING | TRAILING} [remstr] FROM] str) TRIM(remstr FROM] str)
        返回字符串 str , 其中所有remstr 前缀和/或后缀都已被删除。若分类符BOTH、LEADIN或TRAILING中没有一个是给定的,则假设为BOTH 。 remstr 为可选项,在未指定情况下,可删除空格。

        mysql> SELECT TRIM('  bar   ');
                -> 'bar'

        mysql> SELECT TRIM(LEADING 'x' FROM 'xxxbarxxx');
                -> 'barxxx'

        mysql> SELECT TRIM(BOTH 'x' FROM 'xxxbarxxx');
                -> 'bar'

        mysql> SELECT TRIM(TRAILING 'xyz' FROM 'barxxyz');
                -> 'barx'

date_format函数:将时间日期取出某段部分  

#1 基本使用
mysql> SELECT DATE_FORMAT('2009-10-04 22:23:00', '%W %M %Y');
        -> 'Sunday October 2009'
mysql> SELECT DATE_FORMAT('2007-10-04 22:23:00', '%H:%i:%s');
        -> '22:23:00'
mysql> SELECT DATE_FORMAT('1900-10-04 22:23:00',
    ->                 '%D %y %a %d %m %b %j');
        -> '4th 00 Thu 04 10 Oct 277'
mysql> SELECT DATE_FORMAT('1997-10-04 22:23:00',
    ->                 '%H %k %I %r %T %S %w');
        -> '22 22 10 10:23:00 PM 22:23:00 00 6'
mysql> SELECT DATE_FORMAT('1999-01-01', '%X %V');
        -> '1998 52'
mysql> SELECT DATE_FORMAT('2006-06-00', '%d');
        -> '00'
 
 
#2 准备表和记录
CREATE TABLE blog (
    id INT PRIMARY KEY auto_increment,
    NAME CHAR (32),
    sub_time datetime
);
 
INSERT INTO blog (NAME, sub_time)
VALUES
    ('第1篇','2015-03-01 11:31:21'),
    ('第2篇','2015-03-11 16:31:21'),
    ('第3篇','2016-07-01 10:21:31'),
    ('第4篇','2016-07-22 09:23:21'),
    ('第5篇','2016-07-23 10:11:11'),
    ('第6篇','2016-07-25 11:21:31'),
    ('第7篇','2017-03-01 15:33:21'),
    ('第8篇','2017-03-01 17:32:21'),
    ('第9篇','2017-03-01 18:31:21');
 
#3. 提取sub_time字段的值,按照格式后的结果即"年月"来分组
SELECT DATE_FORMAT(sub_time,'%Y-%m'),COUNT(1) FROM blog GROUP BY DATE_FORMAT(sub_time,'%Y-%m');
 
#结果
+-------------------------------+----------+
| DATE_FORMAT(sub_time,'%Y-%m') | COUNT(1) |
+-------------------------------+----------+
| 2015-03                       |        2 |
| 2016-07                       |        4 |
| 2017-03                       |        3 |
+-------------------------------+----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 自定义函数:不要在函数内部写sql语句,函数仅仅只有一个功能,是一个在mysql中被应用的功能。若想在begin......end.... 中写sql语句,请用存储过程。

定义函数:

实例1:  

delimiter //
create function f1(
    i1 int,
    i2 int)
returns int
BEGIN
    declare num int;
    set num = i1 + i2;
    return(num);
END //
delimiter ;

 实例2:  

delimiter //
create function f5(
    i int
)
returns int
begin
    declare res int default 0;
    if i = 10 then
        set res=100;
    elseif i = 20 then
        set res=200;
    elseif i = 30 then
        set res=300;
    else
        set res=400;
    end if;
    return res;
end //
delimiter ;

 删除函数:  

drop function func_name;

 执行函数:  

# 获取返回值
select UPPER('egon') into @res;
SELECT @res;
 
 
# 在查询中使用
select f1(11,nid) ,name from tb2;

 六 流程控制

1 if 条件语句:

delimiter //
CREATE PROCEDURE proc_if ()
BEGIN
    
    declare i int default 0;
    if i = 1 THEN
        SELECT 1;
    ELSEIF i = 2 THEN
        SELECT 2;
    ELSE
        SELECT 7;
    END IF;

END //
delimiter ;

  declare:声明变量

  then :接下来执行

  end if:接收循环

2 循环语句:

while:  

delimiter //
CREATE PROCEDURE proc_while ()
BEGIN
 
    DECLARE num INT ;
    SET num = 0 ;
    WHILE num < 10 DO
        SELECT
            num ;
        SET num = num + 1 ;
    END WHILE ;
 
END //
delimiter ;

   do :while的结尾

  end while:结束循环

repeat:  

delimiter //
CREATE PROCEDURE proc_repeat ()
BEGIN
 
    DECLARE i INT ;
    SET i = 0 ;
    repeat
        select i;
        set i = i + 1;
        until i >= 5
    end repeat;
 
END //
delimiter ;

  end repeat:结束repeat循环

loop:

BEGIN
     
    declare i int default 0;
    loop_label: loop
         
        set i=i+1;
        if i<8 then
            iterate loop_label;
        end if;
        if i>=10 then
            leave loop_label;
        end if;
        select i;
    end loop loop_label;
 
END

本片博客详情:http://www.cnblogs.com/linhaifeng/articles/7495918.html  

 

练习题

准备表:

create table class(cid int primary key auto_increment,
                                            caption char(5) not null unique);

INSERT into class(caption)values('三年二班'),('一年三班'),('三年一班');

CREATE table student(sid int primary key auto_increment,
                                            sname char(6) not null,
                                            gender enum('男','女','male','female') not null,
                                            class_id int(4) not null,
                                            foreign key(class_id) references class(cid)
                                            on delete CASCADE
                                            on update cascade);

insert into student(sname,gender,class_id)values
                                            ('钢蛋','女',1),('铁锤','女',1),('山炮','男',2);




create table teacher(tid int primary key auto_increment,
                                                tname char(6) not null);

insert into teacher(tname)values('波多'),('苍空'),('饭岛');

create table course(cid int primary key auto_increment,
                                                cname CHAR(5) not null unique,
                                            teacher_id int not null,
                                            foreign key(teacher_id) references teacher(tid)
                                            on delete CASCADE
                                            on update cascade);

insert into course(cname,teacher_id)values('生物',1),('体育',1),('物理',2);


create table score(sid int primary key auto_increment,
                                        student_id int not null,
                                        foreign key(student_id) references student(sid)
                                            on delete cascade on update cascade,
                                        course_id int not null,
                                        foreign key(course_id) references course(cid)
                                            on delete cascade on update cascade,
                                        number int(4) not null);

insert into score(student_id,course_id,number)values(1,1,60),(1,2,59),(2,2,100);



SELECT * from class;
show CREATE table class;
select * from student;
show create table student;
SELECT * from teacher;
show create table teacher;
select * from course;
show create table course;
select * from score;
show create table score;

开始练习:  

1、查询所有的课程的名称以及对应的任课老师姓名
SELECT cname,tname from course inner join teacher ON course.teacher_id = teacher.tid;
 
 
2、查询学生表中男女生各有多少人
select gender,COUNT(sid) from student GROUP BY gender;
 
3、查询物理成绩等于100的学生的姓名
SELECT sname from student where sid in (
SELECT student_id from score where course_id = (SELECT cid from course where cname = '物理') and num = 100
);
 
4、查询平均成绩大于八十分的同学的姓名和平均成绩
 
方法1:
SELECT student.sname,t1.avg_num from student inner join
(SELECT student_id,AVG(num) avg_num from score GROUP BY student_id
HAVING avg(num) > 80) as t1
on student.sid = t1.student_id;
 
 
方法2:
select * from student where sid in (
    select student_id from score group by student_id
            having avg(num)>80
 );
 
 
 
 
5、查询所有学生的学号,姓名,选课数,总成绩
SELECT student.sid,student.sname,t1.course_num,t1.total_num from student inner JOIN
(SELECT
    student_id,
    count(course_id) course_num,
    sum(num) total_num
FROM
    score
GROUP BY
    student_id) as t1
on student.sid = t1.student_id;
 
 
6、 查询姓李老师的个数
方法1:
SELECT COUNT(1) from teacher where tname like '李%';
 
 
方法2:
select count(t1) from (
    select tname t1 from teacher where tname LIKE '李%'
)as t
 
 
 
7、 查询没有报李平老师课的学生姓名
SELECT
    sname
FROM
    student
WHERE
    sid NOT IN (
        SELECT
            student_id
        FROM
            score
        WHERE
            course_id IN (
                SELECT
                    cid
                FROM
                    course
                WHERE
                    teacher_id = (
                        SELECT
                            tid
                        FROM
                            teacher
                        WHERE
                            tname = '李平老师'
                    )
            )
    );
 
 
 
8、 查询物理课程比生物课程高的学生的学号
SELECT t1.student_id from
(SELECT student_id,num from score where course_id = (
SELECT cid from course where cname = '物理'
)) as t1
inner join
(SELECT student_id,num from score where course_id = (
SELECT cid from course where cname = '生物'
)) as t2
on t1.student_id = t2.student_id
where t1.num > t2.num;
 
 
9、 查询没有同时选修物理课程和体育课程的学生姓名
方法1:
SELECT sname from student where sid in (
SELECT student_id from score LEFT JOIN course
on score.course_id = course.cid
WHERE course.cname in ('物理','体育')
GROUP BY student_id
HAVING count(sid) < 2
);
 
 
方法2:
select sname from student where sid not in (
SELECT s1.student_id from (
select student_id from score where course_id =(
SELECT cid from course where cname ='体育')) s1
INNER JOIN (
select student_id from score where course_id =(
SELECT cid from course where cname ='物理')) s2
 on s1.student_id=s2.student_id);
 
 
10、查询挂科超过两门(包括两门)的学生姓名和班级
方法1::
SELECT sname,caption from student LEFT JOIN class
on student.class_id = class.cid
where student.sid in (
SELECT student_id from score where num < 60 GROUP BY student_id
HAVING COUNT(course_id) >= 2
)
;
 
 
方法2:
 select s.sname,class.caption from class INNER JOIN
    (select * from student where sid in (
        select student_id from score GROUP BY student_id
        having student_id>=2)) s
            on s.class_id=class.cid;
 
 
11 、查询选修了所有课程的学生姓名
select sname from student where sid in (
select student_id from score GROUP BY student_id
having count(sid)=(
select count(cid) from course))
 
 
12、查询李平老师教的课程的所有成绩记录
方法1:
SELECT * from score where course_id in (
SELECT cid from course inner JOIN teacher
on course.teacher_id = teacher.tid
WHERE tname = '李平老师'
);
 
 
方法2:
select num from score WHERE course_id in (
select cid from course where teacher_id=(
select tid from teacher where tname='李平老师'));
 
 
13、查询全部学生都选修了的课程号和课程名
SELECT ss.s1,ss.s2,course.cid,course.cname from
(select student.sid s1,student.sname s2,score.course_id s3
    from student INNER JOIN score
    on student.sid=score.student_id ) ss
 INNER JOIN course
 on ss.s3=course.cid;
 
14、查询每门课程被选修的次数
方法1:
SELECT course.cname,t1.count_student FROM course
INNER JOIN
(
SELECT course_id,count(student_id) count_student from score GROUP BY course_id
) as t1
ON course.cid = t1.course_id;
 
 
方法2:
select course.cname,COUNT(score.sid)
from course INNER JOIN score
    on course.cid=score.course_id
        group by score.course_id;
 
15、查询只选修了一门课程的学生姓名和学号
select sid,sname from student where sid in(
    select student_id from score GROUP BY student_id
        having count(sid)=1);
 
 
16、查询所有学生考出的总成绩并按从高到低排序(成绩去重)
方法1:
SELECT  DISTINCT sum(num) sum_num from score group by student_id
ORDER BY sum_num desc;
 
方法2:
select  student.sname,avg(score.num) avg_num from
    student INNER JOIN score on student.sid=score.student_id
    GROUP BY student_id ORDER BY avg_num desc;
 
 
17、查询平均成绩大于85的学生姓名和平均成绩
方法1:
SELECT student.sname,t1.avg_num from student inner join
(
SELECT student_id,avg(num) avg_num from score GROUP BY student_id having avg(num) > 85
) as t1
on student.sid = t1.student_id;
 
 
方法2:
 select student.sname,avg(score.num) from student INNER JOIN score
    on student.sid=score.student_id
        GROUP BY score.student_id
        having avg(score.num)>85;
 
 
18、查询生物成绩不及格的学生姓名和对应生物分数
方法1:
SELECT sname,t1.num from student
INNER JOIN
(
SELECT student_id,num from score LEFT JOIN course
on score.course_id = course.cid
where course.cname = '生物' and score.num < 60
) as t1
on student.sid = t1.student_id;
 
 
 
方法2:
select student.sname,ss.num from student INNER JOIN(
select * from score where course_id=(
select cid from course where cname='生物') and num<60) ss
on ss.student_id=student.class_id;
 
 
 
19、查询在所有选修了李平老师课程的学生中,这些课程(李平老师的课程,不是所有课程)平均成绩最高的学生姓名
select sname from student where sid in(
 select student_id from score where course_id in(
select cid from course where teacher_id=(
select tid from teacher where tname='李平老师'))
 GROUP BY student_id
 HAVING avg(num)=(
 select  avg(num) from score where course_id in(
 select cid from course where teacher_id=(
 select tid from teacher where tname='李平老师'))
 GROUP BY student_id order by avg(num) desc
limit 1))
 
 
20、查询每门课程成绩最好的前两名学生姓名
 
 
 
 
 
SELECT * from score ORDER BY course_id,num desc;
 
#取得课程编号与第一高的成绩:course_id,first_num
SELECT course_id,max(num) first_num from score GROUP BY course_id;
 
 
#取得课程编号与第二高的成绩:course_id,second_num
SELECT score.course_id,max(num) second_num from score LEFT JOIN (
SELECT course_id,max(num) first_num from score GROUP BY course_id
 
) as t1
on score.course_id = t1.course_id
where score.num < t1.first_num
GROUP BY score.course_id
;
 
#链表得到一张新表,新表包含课程编号与这门课程前两名的成绩分数
 
select t1.course_id,t1.first_num,t2.second_num from
 
(SELECT course_id,max(num) first_num from score GROUP BY course_id) as t1
 
inner join
 
(SELECT score.course_id,max(num) second_num from score LEFT JOIN (
SELECT course_id,max(num) first_num from score GROUP BY course_id
 
) as t1
on score.course_id = t1.course_id
where score.num < t1.first_num
GROUP BY score.course_id) as t2
 
on t1.course_id = t2.course_id;
 
 
#取前两名学生的编号
 
SELECT score.course_id,score.student_id from score LEFT JOIN (
select t1.course_id,t1.first_num,t2.second_num from
 
(SELECT course_id,max(num) first_num from score GROUP BY course_id) as t1
 
inner join
 
(SELECT score.course_id,max(num) second_num from score LEFT JOIN (
SELECT course_id,max(num) first_num from score GROUP BY course_id
 
) as t1
on score.course_id = t1.course_id
where score.num < t1.first_num
GROUP BY score.course_id) as t2
 
on t1.course_id = t2.course_id
 
) as t3
 
on score.course_id = t3.course_id
where score.num >= t3.second_num and score.num <= t3.first_num
;
 
SELECT t4.course_id,student.sname from student inner join
(
SELECT score.course_id,score.student_id from score LEFT JOIN (
select t1.course_id,t1.first_num,t2.second_num from
 
(SELECT course_id,max(num) first_num from score GROUP BY course_id) as t1
 
inner join
 
(SELECT score.course_id,max(num) second_num from score LEFT JOIN (
SELECT course_id,max(num) first_num from score GROUP BY course_id
 
) as t1
on score.course_id = t1.course_id
where score.num < t1.first_num
GROUP BY score.course_id) as t2
 
on t1.course_id = t2.course_id
 
) as t3
 
on score.course_id = t3.course_id
where score.num >= t3.second_num and score.num <= t3.first_num
) as t4
on student.sid = t4.student_id
ORDER BY t4.course_id
;
 
 
 
select student.sname,t.course_id,t.num from student INNER JOIN
(
select
            s1.student_id,s1.course_id,s1.num,
            (select num from score as s2 where s2.course_id = s1.course_id order by num desc limit 0,1) as first_num,
            (select num from score as s2 where s2.course_id = s1.course_id order by num desc limit 1,1) as second_num
    from
            score as s1
) as t
on student.sid =  t.student_id
where t.num in (t.first_num,t.second_num)
ORDER BY t.course_id
;
 
 
SELECT sid from score as s1 ;

  

 

posted @ 2017-11-02 17:07  陌文欲  阅读(159)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报