初识Django
Django框架
1.web应用的本质
socket网络编程:基于C/S架构,传输协议:TCP/UDP协议;位于传输层
web应用:基于B/S架构,传输协议:Http协议,处于应用层
2.web框架自定义
目标:将自定制的server变成一个动态的server
#静态的server端
import socket
server = socket.socket()
server.bind(('127.0.0.1',1111))
server.listen(5)
while True:
conn,addr = server.accept()
data = conn.recv(1024)
print(data)
#http的请求头(字节类型)
GET / HTTP/1.1 #/斜杠表示路由
Host: 127.0.0.1:8080
Connection: keep-alive
Cache-Control: max-age=0
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.142 Safari/537.36 Accept:text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9\r\n\r\n
#换两行后,加请求体信息内容
#响应头
conn.send(bytes("http/1.1 200 0k\r\n\r\n",encoding="utf-8"))
#响应体
conn.send(bytes("hello world",encoding="utf-8"))
http协议:
1.请求头
2.请求体
3.响应头
4.响应体
str与bytes可强制转换
#动态server端
def run():
import socket
server = socket.socket()
server.bind(('127.0.0.1',1111))
server.listen(5)
while True:
conn,addr = server.accept()
data = conn.recv(1024)
#获取url路由
data_str = str(data,encoding="utf8")
header_list = data_str.split('\r\n')
header = header_list[0]
url = header.split(" ")[1]
###判断路由url
func_name = None
for items in routes:
if items[0] == url:
func_name = items[1]
break
if func_name:
response = func_name()
else:
response = bytes('404 not found', encoding='utf-8')
conn.send(bytes("http/1.1 200 0k\r\n\r\n",encoding="utf-8"))
conn.send(response)
conn.close()
def f1():
res = bytes('123', encoding='utf-8')
return res
def f2():
res = bytes('345', encoding='utf-8')
return res
def f3():
fp = open("f3.html",encoding="utf8")
data = fp.read()
import time
t = time.time()
#渲染:服务器处理的结构呈现于前端页面
data = data.replace("@@content@@",str(t))
res = bytes(data,encoding="utf8")
return res
def f4():
import pymysql
conn = pymysql.Connect(host='127.0.0.1',
port = 3306,
user = "root",
password = "321",
db = "oopp")
c = conn.cursor(pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
sql = "select *from user_info"
c.execute(sql)
user = c.fetchall()
"""将@@content@@替换成
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>"""
fp = open("f4.html","r",encoding="utf-8")
data = fp.read()
us_list = []
for info in user:
us = "<tr><td>%s</td><td>%s</td></tr>" % (info["name"],info["password"])
us_list.append(us)
data_str = "".join(us_list)
data = data.replace("@@content@@", data_str)
res = bytes(data, encoding="utf8")
return res
def f5():
import pymysql
conn = pymysql.Connect(host='127.0.0.1',
port = 3306,
user = "root",
password = "321",
db = "oopp")
c = conn.cursor(pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
sql = "select *from user_info"
c.execute(sql)
user = c.fetchall()
fp = open("f5.html","r",encoding="utf-8")
user_data = fp.read()
from jinja2 import Template
template = Template(user_data)
data = template.render(users = user)
res = bytes(data, encoding="utf8")
return res
routes = [("/123",f1),
("/345",f2),
("/aaa",f3),
("/ccc",f4),
("/zzz",f5)]
if __name__ == '__main__':
run()
#f3.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>来自f3的数据</title>
</head>
<body>
@@content@@
</body>
</html>
#f4.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html >
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>来自f4的数据</title>
</head>
<body>
<table border = "1" width="500" height="300" rules = "all" >
<thead>
<tr>
<th>name</th>
<th>password</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
@@content@@
</tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>
#f5.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html >
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>来自f5的数据</title>
</head>
<body>
<table border = "1" width="500" height="300" rules = "all" >
<thead>
<tr>
<th>name</th>
<th>password</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for item in users %}
<tr>
<td>{{item.name}}</td>
<td>{{item.password}}</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>
web框架的组成:
a. socket服务端
b. 路由系统: url ====> 函数
c. 模板引擎渲染 ,自定义规则(@@content@@),或第三方工具(jinja2)
web框架的分类:
按维度来分:
1.a,b,c ------>Tornada框架
2.a(引入第三方),b,c---->Django框架
3.a和c(引入第三方),b---->Flask框架
3.Django的安装与启动
安装方式:
a. pip3 install django==1.11.22 -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
b. pycharm安装
创建方式:
a. django-admin startproject xxx
b. pycharm创建
目录结构:
文件夹名:
文件夹名:
init.py(包)
settings.py(配置文件)
urls.py(路由映射文件)
wsgi.py(socket服务端文件)
templates(文件夹)
manage.py(管理文件)
4.Django的路由介绍
在urls.py文件中添加设置路由
#urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
def index(request):
return HttpResponse("liu jin is a cfo!!!")
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^index/',index)
5.Django的模板介绍
#urls.py
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse,render
def index(request):
return HttpResponse("liu jin is a cfo!!!")
def f1(request):
#变量渲染
name = "liu_jin"
#列表的渲染
li = ['wq','nick','sean']
#字典的渲染
dict = {"name":"wq","age":18}
# 列表套字典渲染
myli = [{"name": "wq", "age": 18}, {"name": "qq", "age": 18}]
return render(request,"f1.html",{"name":name,"li":li,"dict":myli})
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^index/',index),
url(r'^aaa/',f1)
#模板渲染函数,html文件存于templates
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>来自f1的数据</title>
</head>
<body>
// 1.变量渲染
<h1>{{name}}</h1>
// 2.列表渲染
<h1>{{ li.0 }}</h1>
<h1>{{ li.1 }}</h1>
<h1>{{ li.2 }}</h1>
<hr>
//列表循环
<ul>
{% for items in li %}
<li>{{ items }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
<hr>
//字典的渲染
<h1>{{ dict.name }}</h1>
//字典循环
<ul>
{% for key,value in dict.items %}
<li>{{ key }}---{{ value }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
//列表套字典渲染
<table border = "1" width="500" height="300" rules = "all" >
<thead>
<tr>
<th>name</th>
<th>age</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for item in dict %}
<tr>
<td>{{item.name}}</td>
<td>{{item.age}}</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>
创建Django项目的时候,需提前操作:
- 手动创建static文件夹(含css,js,img文件夹)等静态资源
- STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS =( (os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'),) - MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
#'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',(注释该行)
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',] - 'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')]
