爬虫学习之-xpath
1、XPATH使用方法 使用XPATH有如下几种方法定位元素(相比CSS选择器,方法稍微多一点): a、通过绝对路径定位元素(不推荐!) WebElement ele = driver.findElement(By.xpath("html/body/div/form/input")); b、通过相对路径定位元素 WebElement ele = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input")); c、使用索引定位元素 WebElement ele = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[4]")); d、使用XPATH及属性值定位元素 WebElement ele = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='fuck']")); //其他方法(看字面意思应该能理解吧) WebElement ele = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@type='submit'][@name='fuck']")); WebElement ele = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@type='submit' and @name='fuck']")); WebElement ele = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@type='submit' or @name='fuck']")); e、使用XPATH及属性名称定位元素
元素属性类型:@id 、@name、@type、@class、@tittle //查找所有input标签中含有type属性的元素 WebElement ele = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@type]")); f、部分属性值匹配 WebElement ele = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[start-with(@id,'fuck')]"));//匹配id以fuck开头的元素,id='fuckyou' WebElement ele = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[ends-with(@id,'fuck')]"));//匹配id以fuck结尾的元素,id='youfuck' WebElement ele = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[contains(@id,'fuck')]"));//匹配id中含有fuck的元素,id='youfuckyou' g、使用任意值来匹配属性及元素 WebElement ele = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@*='fuck']"));//匹配所有input元素中含有属性的值为fuck的元素 元素定位总结 //注:本专题只介绍java版 //By id WebElement ele = driver.findElement(By.id()); //By Name WebElement ele = driver.findElement(By.id()); //By className WebElement ele = driver.findElement(By.className()); //By tabName WebElement ele = driver.findElement(By.tagName()); //By linkText WebElement ele = driver.findElement(By.linkText()); //By partialLinkText WebElement ele = driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText());//通过部分文本定位连接 //By cssSelector WebElement ele = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector()); //By XPATH WebElement ele = driver.findElement(By.xpath());
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1、id 获取id 的属性值
2、starts-with 顾名思义,匹配一个属性开始位置的关键字 -- 模糊定位
3、contains 匹配一个属性值中包含的字符串 -- 模糊定位
4、text() 函数文本定位
5、last() 函数位置定位
eg
<input id="su" class="bg s_btn btnhover" value="百度一下" type="submit"/> //*[@id='su'] 获取id 的属性为'su' 的值
或
//input[contains(@class,'bg s_btn')]
<a class="lb" href="https://passport.baidu.com/v2/?login&tpl=mn&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2F" name="tj_login" onclick="return false;">登录</a> //a[starts-with(@name,'tj_lo')] 属性模糊定位
//a[contains(@name,'tj_lo')] 属性模糊定位
<a href="http://www.baidu.com">百度搜索</a> //a[text()='百度搜索'] 或 //a[contains(text(),"搜索")] --文本模糊定位
<a id="setf" href="//www.baidu.com/cache/sethelp/help.html" onmousedown="return ns_c({'fm':'behs','tab':'favorites','pos':0})" target="_blank">把百度设为主页</a>
//a[text()='把百度设为主页']
/A/B/C[last()] 表示A元素→B元素→C元素的最后一个子元素,得到id值为e2的E元素