Python之容器类Collections
容器类Collections
标签(空格分隔): Python进阶
- defaultdict
- counter
- deque
- namedtuple
defaultdict
defaultdict的作用是可以不用检查key是否存在,如果不存在可以直接创建。 而不像dict,会raise KeyError.
示例代码:
some_dict = {}
some_dict['colours'] = "yellow"
# Raises KeyError: 'colours'
示例代码2:
from collections import defaultdict
some_dict = defaultdict()
some_dict['colours'] = 'yellow'
# it works
defaultdict
的经典用法
示例代码3:
from collections import defaultdict
colours = (
('Yasoob', 'Yellow'),
('Ali', 'Blue'),
('Arham', 'Green'),
('Ali', 'Black'),
('Yasoob', 'Red'),
('Ahmed', 'Silver'),
)
favourite_colours = defaultdict(list)
for name, colour in colours:
favourite_colours[name].append(colour)
Counter
Counter可以帮助计算一个iterable或者mapping中各个item的出现次数。
示例代码4:
from collections import Counter
colours = (
('Yasoob', 'Yellow'),
('Ali', 'Blue'),
('Arham', 'Green'),
('Ali', 'Black'),
('Yasoob', 'Red'),
('Ahmed', 'Silver'),
)
favs = Counter(name for name, colour in colours)
print(favs)
# Output: Counter({
# 'Yasoob': 2,
# 'Ali': 2,
# 'Arham': 1,
# 'Ahmed': 1
# })
deque
deque == double ended queue 双头队列
deque 可以从左/右 进元素和出元素。
示例代码5:
from collections import deque
d = deque()
d.append('1')
d.append('2')
d.append('3')
d.appendleft('4')
d
#output: deque([4, 1, 2, 3])
d = deque(range(5))
print d
# output: deque([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
d.pop()
#output: 4
d.popleft()
#output: 0
print d
#output: deque([1,2,3])
d.extendleft([0])
d.extend([6,7,8])
print d
#output: deque([0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8])
namedtuple
tuple和list的区别就是tuple是不可变的,tuple在初始化好了之后,元素不能插入也不能删除.
而namedtuple也继承了不可变的性质,但是它有点像dict,元素是key-value形式的,也就是named的由来,在初始化之后,可以通过name来访问元素。
示例代码6:
from collections import namedtuple
#tuple_name = namedtuple('tuple_name', 'item1_name, item2_name,...')
Animal = namedtuple('Animal', 'name age type')
perry = Animal(name="perry", age=31, type="cat")
print(perry)
# Output: Animal(name='perry', age=31, type='cat')
print(perry.name)
# Output: 'perry'
perry.age=40
# Output: Traceback (most recent call last):
# File "", line 1, in
# AttributeError: can't set attribute