使用Maven构建和测试Java项目

我们在创建项目时要学习的是如何使用 Maven 来创建一个 Java 应用程序。现在将学习如何构建和测试应用程序。

进入到 C:\MVN 目录我们准备创建来 java应用程序。打开 consumerBanking 文件夹。看到 pom.xml 文件并打开它,内容如下。

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
   http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
      <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
      <groupId>com.companyname.projectgroup</groupId>
      <artifactId>project</artifactId>
      <version>1.0</version>
      <dependencies>
         <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>3.8.1</version>
         </dependency>
      </dependencies>  
</project>

在这里,你可以看到 Maven 已经添加了 Junit 测试框架。默认情况下 Maven 增加了一个源文件 App.java,以及在前面的章节中讨论的一样,默认目录结构中也有一个测试文件:AppTest.java。

现在打开命令控制台,进入到 C:\MVN\consumerBanking 目录并执行以下命令 mvn 命令。

C:\MVN\consumerBanking>mvn clean package

Maven 将开始构建这个项目,如下所示:

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building consumerBanking 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ consumerBanking ---
[INFO] Deleting C:\MVN\consumerBanking\target
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ consumerBanking ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to copy filtered resources,i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory C:\MVN\consumerBanking\src\main\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ consumerBanking ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding Cp1252, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to C:\MVN\consumerBanking\target\classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ consumerBanking ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to copy filtered resources,
i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory C:\MVN\consumerBanking\src\test\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ consumerBanking ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding Cp1252, i.e. b
uild is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to C:\MVN\consumerBanking\target\test-classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ consumerBanking ---
[INFO] Surefire report directory: C:\MVN\consumerBanking\target\surefire-reports


-------------------------------------------------------
 T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running com.companyname.bank.AppTest
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.063 sec

Results :

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ consumerBanking ---
[INFO] Building jar: C:\MVN\consumerBanking\target\consumerBanking-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 14.406 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2016-09-27T17:58:06+05:30
[INFO] Final Memory: 14M/247M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

现在我们已经建立项目,并创建生成最终 jar 文件,以下是主要一些概念介绍:

  • 我们给 maven 两个目标,首先要清理目标目录(clean),然后打包项目生成 JAR(包)输出 ;

  • 打包的 JAR 可在 consumerBanking\target 文件夹找到文件:consumerBanking-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar ;

  • 测试报告在 consumerBanking\target\surefire-reports 文件夹中;

  • Maven 编译的源代码文件,然后测试源代码文件;

  • 然后 Maven 运行测试用例;

  • 最后 Maven 创建包;

现在打开命令控制台,进入到 C:\MVN\consumerBanking\target\classes 目录,然后执行以下 java 命令。 

C:\MVN\consumerBanking\target\classes>java com.companyname.bank.App

会看到结果,如下所示:

Hello World!

添加 Java 源文件

让我们来看看如何在项目中添加额外的 Java 文件。打开 C:\MVN\consumerBanking\src\main\java\com\companyname\bank 文件夹,在其中创建一个 Util 类,其对应文件为:Util.java 文件。 

package com.companyname.bank;

public class Util 
{
   public static void printMessage(String message){
	   System.out.println(message);
   }
}

更新 App 类在其中调用(使用) Util 类。如下代码所示:

package com.companyname.bank;

/**
 * Hello world!
 *
 */
public class App 
{
    public static void main( String[] args )
    {
        Util.printMessage("Hello World!");
    }
}

现在打开命令控制台,进入到 C:\MVN\consumerBanking 目录并执行以下命令 mvn 命令。

C:\MVN\consumerBanking>mvn clean compile

Maven 构建成功后,请再进入 C:\MVN\consumerBanking\target\classes  目录,然后执行以下 java 命令。

C:\MVN\consumerBanking\target\classes>java -cp com.companyname.bank.App

看到结果如下所示:

Hello World!
posted @ 2018-09-07 16:23  borter  阅读(413)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报