Musixtex写五线谱

这学期修了一门方法和写作课，从中接触到了LaTeX，最后作业被分到用LaTeX写乐谱（(lll￢ω￢)）

LATEX 中的Music-TeX 宏包提供了一个music 环境和整套音乐符号命令，可排版多声部乐曲或交响乐总谱。通常，LaTeX源文件主要是由文本和控制命令构成，而MusicTeX 源文件主要是由音符标记命令和控制命令组成，看起来很复杂，可一旦掌握，就能排版高质量的五线谱。MusicTeX 宏包尚有些缺陷，如圆滑线不够圆滑等，现在逐渐被MusiXTeX 宏包所取代。MusiXTeX 宏包以MusicTeX 为基础并进一步改进提高，MusicTeX 中的绝大部分命令依然有效或被兼容，少部分有所改动，另外还增加许多新的记谱命令，使其乐谱排版功能更为强大。MusiXTeX 最重要的改进之处就是采用三步编译法，使圆滑线和连接线更为滑流畅。

步骤一

我使用的LaTeX环境是TeXLive 2017 + TeXstudio（顺便安利一下）。当然，里面已经包含了MusixTeX宏包，所以就直接上手了。

一个例子

参考Musixtex官方给的例子：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{Musixtex}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{CJK}
\begin{document}
	\begin{music}
	\parindent10mm
	\instrumentnumber{1} % a single instrument
	\setname1{Piano} % whose name is Piano
	\setstaffs1{2} % with two staffs
	\generalmeter{\meterfrac44} % 4/4 meter chosen
	\startextract % starting real score
	\Notes\ibu0f0\qb0{cge}\tbu0\qb0g|\hl j\en
	\Notes\ibu0f0\qb0{cge}\tbu0\qb0g|\ql l\sk\ql n\en
	\bar
	\Notes\ibu0f0\qb0{dgf}|\qlp i\en
	\notes\tbu0\qb0g|\ibbl1j3\qb1j\tbl1\qb1k\en
	\Notes\ibu0f0\qb0{cge}\tbu0\qb0g|\hl j\en
	\zendextract % terminate excerpt
	\end{music}
\end{document}

编译一下得到这样的谱子：

所以一个乐谱的主体就是begin{music}和end{music}之间的部分，这里面先是有格式的描述，接着是各个音符的表示（不懂音乐，音符什么的只能依葫芦画瓢，一个音一个音地试，心累）。

自己写的一个版本

网上送了《送别》的谱子，对着谱子用LaTeX写了一遍：

\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{Musixdoc}
\usepackage[UTF8]{ctex}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{CJK}
\begin{document}
    \title{送别}
    \date{ }    
    \maketitle

    \begin{music}
        %\hsize=160mm

        \parindent10mm
        \instrumentnumber{1} % a single instrument
        \setname1{Piano} % whose name is Piano
        \setstaffs1{2} % with two staffs
        \setclef1\bass
        \generalmeter{\meterfrac44}% 4/4 meter chosen
        \startextract % starting real score


        \Notes\Qqbbu CGJL \Dqbl NL \Qqbbu CGJL \Dqbl NL|\zcharnote{N}{长} \qu {g***} \zcharnote{N}{亭}\Dqbu eg \zcharnote{N}{外}\hl {j***}\en
        \bar 
        \Notes\Qqbbu FJMa \Dqbl ca \Qqbbu CGJL \Dqbl NL|\zcharnote{N}{古} \qu {h***}\zcharnote{N}{道} \ql {j*} \zcharnote{N}{边} \hu {g***} \en \endpiece
        \zendextract % terminate excerpt
    \end{music}
%2
\begin{music}

    \parindent10mm
    \instrumentnumber{1} % a single instrument
    \setname1{} % whose name is Piano
    \setstaffs1{2} % with two staffs
    \setclef1\bass
    \generalmeter{\meterfrac44}% 4/4 meter chosen
    \startextract % starting real score

    \Notes\Qqbbu CGJL \Dqbl NL \Qqbbu CGJL \Dqbl NL \Dqbl NL|\zcharnote{N}{芳} \qu {g***}\zcharnote{N}{草} \Dqbu cd \zcharnote{N}{碧} \qu {e***} \zcharnote{N}{连} \Dqbu dc\en
    \bar
    \Notes\Qqbbu GKNb \Dqbl ML \Qqbbu CGJL \Dqbl NL|\zcharnote{N}{天} \hup {d*********} \qp \en \endpiece

    \zendextract % terminate excerpt
\end{music}
%3
\begin{music}
    \parindent10mm
    \instrumentnumber{1} % a single instrument
    \setname1{} % whose name is Piano
    \setstaffs1{2} % with two staffs
    \setclef1\bass
    \generalmeter{\meterfrac44}% 4/4 meter chosen
    \startextract % starting real score

    \Notes\Qqbbu CGJL \Dqbl NL \Qqbbu CGJL \Tqbl N*L|\zcharnote{N}{晚} \qu {g***}\zcharnote{N}{风} \Dqbu eg \zcharnote{N}{拂} \qlp {j***} \zcharnote{N}{袖} \cl {**i} \en
    \bar
    \Notes\Qqbbu FJMa \Dqbl ML \Qqbbu CGJL \Dqbl NL|\zcharnote{N}{笛} \qu {h***}\zcharnote{N}{声} \ql {j*} \zcharnote{N}{残} \hu {g***}\en \endpiece
    \zendextract % terminate excerpt
\end{music}
%4
\begin{music}
    \parindent10mm
    \instrumentnumber{1} % a single instrument
    \setname1{} % whose name is Piano
    \setstaffs1{2} % with two staffs
    \setclef1\bass
    \generalmeter{\meterfrac44}% 4/4 meter chosen
    \startextract % starting real score

    \Notes\Qqbbu GKLN \Dqbl db \Qqbbu GKLN \Tqbl d*b|\zcharnote{N}{夕} \qu {g***}\zcharnote{N}{阳} \Dqbu de \zcharnote{N}{山} \qup {f***} \zcharnote{N}{外} \cu {**b}\en
    \bar
    \Notes\Qqbbu CGJL \Dqbl NL \Qqbbu CGJL \Dqbl NL|\zcharnote{N}{山} \hup {c*********} \qp \en \endpiece
    \zendextract % terminate excerpt
\end{music}
%5
\begin{music}
    \parindent10mm
    \instrumentnumber{1} % a single instrument
    \setname1{} % whose name is Piano
    \setstaffs1{2} % with two staffs
    \setclef1\bass
    \generalmeter{\meterfrac44}% 4/4 meter chosen
    \startextract % starting real score

    \Notes\Qqbbu FJMa \Dqbl ca \Qqbbu FJMa \Dqbl ca|\zcharnote{N}{天} \qu {h***}\zcharnote{N}{之} \ql {j*} \zcharnote{N}{涯} \hl {j***}\en
    \bar
    \Notes\Qqbbu GKNb \Dqbl db \Qqbbu CGJL \Dqbl NL|\zcharnote{N}{海} \ql {i***} \zcharnote{N}{之} \Dqbu hi \zcharnote{N}{角} \hl {j***}\en\endpiece
    \zendextract % terminate excerpt
\end{music}
%6
\begin{music}
    \parindent10mm
    \instrumentnumber{1} % a single instrument
    \setname1{} % whose name is Piano
    \setstaffs1{2} % with two staffs
    \setclef1\bass
    \generalmeter{\meterfrac44}% 4/4 meter chosen
    \startextract % starting real score

    \Notes\Qqbbu FJMa \Dqbl ca \Qqbbu CGJL \Dqbl NL|\zcharnote{N}{知} \ibu0f0\qb0{h*i*j}\tbu0\qb 0h \ibu0f0\qb0{h*g*e}\tbu0\qb 0c\en
    \bar
    \Notes\Qqbbu GKNb \Dqbl db \Qqbbu GKNb \Dqbl db|\hup {d*********} \qp\en\endpiece
    \zendextract % terminate excerpt
\end{music}
%7
\begin{music}
    \parindent10mm
    \instrumentnumber{1} % a single instrument
    \setname1{} % whose name is Piano
    \setstaffs1{2} % with two staffs
    \setclef1\bass
    \generalmeter{\meterfrac44}% 4/4 meter chosen
    \startextract % starting real score

    \Notes\Qqbbu CGJL \Dqbl NL \Qqbbu CGJL \Tqbl N*L|\qu {g***}\Dqbu eg \qlp {j***} \cl {**i}\en
    \bar
    \Notes\Qqbbu FJMa \Dqbl ca \Qqbbu CGJL \Dqbl NL|\qu {h***} \ql {j*} \hu {g***}\en\endpiece
    \zendextract % terminate excerpt
\end{music}
%8
\begin{music}
    \parindent10mm
    \instrumentnumber{1} % a single instrument
    \setname1{} % whose name is Piano
    \setstaffs1{2} % with two staffs
    \setclef1\bass
    \generalmeter{\meterfrac44}% 4/4 meter chosen
    \startextract % starting real score

    \Notes\Qqbbu GKNb \Dqbl db \Qqbbu GKNb \Tqbl d*b|\qu {g***}\Dqbu de \qup {f***} \cu {**b}\en
    \bar
    \Notes\Qqbbu CGJL \Dqbl NL \zh J\zh L\hl N|\hup {c******} \qp \en\endpiece
    \zendextract % terminate excerpt
\end{music}
\end{document}

出来效果是这样：

说实话，太丑了（没有对齐、歌词和音符有重叠），没办法再改要吐血了(lll￢ω￢)。

总结

和所见即所得的MS word 不同，LaTeX写起来就像是在写代码，门槛有点高，要达到熟练我还是算了吧，能自己谢谢论文，做个ppt就可以了ε=ε=ε=┏(゜ロ゜;)┛。