Foreach与迭代器

Foreach与迭代器

      Foreach语句可以用于数组和集合的遍历。之所以能够工作,是因为Java SE5引入了新的被称为Iterable的接口,该接口中包含一个能够产生Iterator的iterator()方法,并且Iterable接口被foreach用来在序列中移动。因此如果你创建了任何实现Iterable的类,都可以将它用于foreach语句中。 ——Java编程思想第4版 第11章 243页

  1.任何实现了Iterable接口的类都可以用于foreach语句当中。

 1 //: holding/IterableClass.java
 2 // Anything Iterable works with foreach.
 3 import java.util.*;
 4 
 5 public class IterableClass implements Iterable<String> {
 6   protected String[] words = ("And that is how " +
 7     "we know the Earth to be banana-shaped.").split(" ");
 8   public Iterator<String> iterator() {
 9     return new Iterator<String>() {
10       private int index = 0;
11       public boolean hasNext() {
12         return index < words.length;
13       }
14       public String next() { return words[index++]; }
15       public void remove() { // Not implemented
16         throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
17       }
18     };
19   }    
20   public static void main(String[] args) {
21     for(String s : new IterableClass())
22       System.out.print(s + " ");
23   }
24 } /* Output:
25 And that is how we know the Earth to be banana-shaped.
26 *///:~

 

  2.foreach实现原理:foreach语句最终被编译器转换成对iterator.next()和iterator.hashNext()方法的调用,也就是对Iterator的另一种封装形式而已。只是作为使用者,jdk屏蔽了这些实现细节。我们甚至不知道Iterator的存在。看编译生成的字节码:

  Java代码:

 1 import java.util.*;
 2 public class Iterable_eros {
 3 
 4     public static void main(String[] args) {
 5         List<String> strings = null;
 6         for(String s : strings){
 7         }
 8     }
 9     
10 }

 

   Javap -c 生成的字节码:

 1 Compiled from "Iterable_eros.java"
 2 public class Iterable_eros {
 3   public Iterable_eros();
 4     Code:
 5        0: aload_0
 6        1: invokespecial #1                  // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":
 7 ()V
 8        4: return
 9 
10   public static void main(java.lang.String[]);
11     Code:
12        0: aconst_null
13        1: astore_1
14        2: aload_1
15        3: invokeinterface #2,  1            // InterfaceMethod java/util/List.iterator:()Ljava/util/Iterator;
16        8: astore_2
17        9: aload_2
18       10: invokeinterface #3,  1            // InterfaceMethod java/util/Iterator.hasNext:()Z
19       15: ifeq          31
20       18: aload_2
21       19: invokeinterface #4,  1            // InterfaceMethod java/util/Iterator.next:()Ljava/lang/Object;
22       24: checkcast     #5                  // class java/lang/String
23       27: astore_3
24       28: goto          9
25       31: return
26 }

 

 

 

posted @ 2015-10-05 09:45  做个有梦想的咸鱼  阅读(2332)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报