jackson学习之二:jackson-core
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内容:所有原创文章分类汇总及配套源码,涉及Java、Docker、Kubernetes、DevOPS等;
系列文章汇总
- jackson学习之一:基本信息
- jackson学习之二:jackson-core
- jackson学习之三:常用API操作
- jackson学习之四:WRAP_ROOT_VALUE(root对象)
- jackson学习之五:JsonInclude注解
- jackson学习之六:常用类注解
- jackson学习之七:常用Field注解
- jackson学习之八:常用方法注解
- jackson学习之九:springboot整合(配置文件)
- jackson学习之十(终篇):springboot整合(配置类)
关于jackson-core
- 本文主要内容是jackson-core库,这是个低阶API库,提供流式解析工具JsonParser,流式生成工具JsonGenerator;
- 在日常的序列化和反序列化处理中,最常用的是jackson-annotations和jackson-databind,而jackson-core由于它提供的API过于基础,我们大多数情况下是用不上的;
- 尽管jackson-databind负责序列化和反序列化处理,但它的底层实现是调用了jackson-core的API;
- 本着万丈高楼平地起的原则,本文咱们通过实战了解神秘的jackson-core,了解整个jackson的序列化和反序列化基本原理;
源码下载
- 如果您不想编码,可以在GitHub下载所有源码,地址和链接信息如下表所示(https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos):
名称 | 链接 | 备注 |
---|---|---|
项目主页 | https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos | 该项目在GitHub上的主页 |
git仓库地址(https) | https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos.git | 该项目源码的仓库地址,https协议 |
git仓库地址(ssh) | git@github.com:zq2599/blog_demos.git | 该项目源码的仓库地址,ssh协议 |
- 这个git项目中有多个文件夹,本章的应用在jacksondemo文件夹下,如下图红框所示:
创建父子工程
创建名为jacksondemo的maven工程,这是个父子结构的工程,其pom.xml内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId>
<artifactId>jacksondemo</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<modules>
<module>core</module>
<module>beans</module>
<module>databind</module>
</modules>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.11.0</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.7.25</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>2.7</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
<version>3.10</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
</project>
新增子工程beans
- 在父工程jscksondemo下新增名为beans的子工程,这里面是一些常量和Pojo类;
- 增加定义常量的类Constant.java:
package com.bolingcavalry.jacksondemo.beans;
public class Constant {
/**
* 该字符串的值是个网络地址,该地址对应的内容是个JSON
*/
public final static String TEST_JSON_DATA_URL = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/zq2599/blog_demos/master/files/twitteer_message.json";
/**
* 用来验证反序列化的JSON字符串
*/
public final static String TEST_JSON_STR = "{\n" +
" \"id\":1125687077,\n" +
" \"text\":\"@stroughtonsmith You need to add a \\\"Favourites\\\" tab to TC/iPhone. Like what TwitterFon did. I can't WAIT for your Twitter App!! :) Any ETA?\",\n" +
" \"fromUserId\":855523, \n" +
" \"toUserId\":815309,\n" +
" \"languageCode\":\"en\"\n" +
"}";
/**
* 用来验证序列化的TwitterEntry实例
*/
public final static TwitterEntry TEST_OBJECT = new TwitterEntry();
/**
* 准备好TEST_OBJECT对象的各个参数
*/
static {
TEST_OBJECT.setId(123456L);
TEST_OBJECT.setFromUserId(101);
TEST_OBJECT.setToUserId(102);
TEST_OBJECT.setText("this is a message for serializer test");
TEST_OBJECT.setLanguageCode("zh");
}}
- 增加一个Pojo,对应的是一条推特消息:
package com.bolingcavalry.jacksondemo.beans;
/**
* @Description: 推特消息bean
* @author: willzhao E-mail: zq2599@gmail.com
* @date: 2020/7/4 16:24
*/
public class TwitterEntry {
/**
* 推特消息id
*/
long id;
/**
* 消息内容
*/
String text; /**
* 消息创建者
*/
int fromUserId;
/**
* 消息接收者
*/
int toUserId;
/**
* 语言类型
*/
String languageCode; public long getId() {
return id;
} public void setId(long id) {
this.id = id;
} public String getText() {
return text;
} public void setText(String text) {
this.text = text;
} public int getFromUserId() {
return fromUserId;
} public void setFromUserId(int fromUserId) {
this.fromUserId = fromUserId;
} public int getToUserId() {
return toUserId;
} public void setToUserId(int toUserId) {
this.toUserId = toUserId;
} public String getLanguageCode() {
return languageCode;
} public void setLanguageCode(String languageCode) {
this.languageCode = languageCode;
} public TwitterEntry() {
} public String toString() {
return "[Tweet, id: "+id+", text='"+text+"', from: "+fromUserId+", to: "+toUserId+", lang: "+languageCode+"]";
}}
- 以上就是准备工作了,接下来开始实战jackson-core;
JsonFactory线程安全吗?
- JsonFactory是否是线程安全的,这是编码前要弄清楚的问题,因为JsonParser和JsonGenerator的创建都离不开JsonFactory;
- 如下图红框所示,jackson官方文档中明确指出JsonFactory是线程安全的,可以放心的作为全局变量给多线程同时使用:
3. 官方文档地址:http://fasterxml.github.io/jackson-core/javadoc/2.11/
jackson-core实战
- 新建子工程core,pom.xml如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>jacksondemo</artifactId>
<groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId>
<artifactId>core</artifactId>
<name>core</name>
<description>Demo project for jackson core use</description>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<source>8</source>
<target>8</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId>
<artifactId>beans</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
- 新建StreamingDemo类,这里面是调用jackson-core的API进行序列化和反序列化的所有demo,如下:
package com.bolingcavalry.jacksondemo.core;
import com.bolingcavalry.jacksondemo.beans.TwitterEntry;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.*;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
/**
* @Description: jackson低阶方法的使用
* @author: willzhao E-mail: zq2599@gmail.com
* @date: 2020/7/4 15:50
*/
public class StreamingDemo {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(StreamingDemo.class);
JsonFactory jsonFactory = new JsonFactory();
/**
* 该字符串的值是个网络地址,该地址对应的内容是个JSON
*/
final static String TEST_JSON_DATA_URL = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/zq2599/blog_demos/master/files/twitteer_message.json";
/**
* 用来验证反序列化的JSON字符串
*/
final static String TEST_JSON_STR = "{\n" +
" \"id\":1125687077,\n" +
" \"text\":\"@stroughtonsmith You need to add a \\\"Favourites\\\" tab to TC/iPhone. Like what TwitterFon did. I can't WAIT for your Twitter App!! :) Any ETA?\",\n" +
" \"fromUserId\":855523, \n" +
" \"toUserId\":815309,\n" +
" \"languageCode\":\"en\"\n" +
"}";
/**
* 用来验证序列化的TwitterEntry实例
*/
final static TwitterEntry TEST_OBJECT = new TwitterEntry();
/**
* 准备好TEST_OBJECT对象的各个参数
*/
static {
TEST_OBJECT.setId(123456L);
TEST_OBJECT.setFromUserId(101);
TEST_OBJECT.setToUserId(102);
TEST_OBJECT.setText("this is a message for serializer test");
TEST_OBJECT.setLanguageCode("zh");
}
/**
* 反序列化测试(JSON -> Object),入参是JSON字符串
* @param json JSON字符串
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
public TwitterEntry deserializeJSONStr(String json) throws IOException {
JsonParser jsonParser = jsonFactory.createParser(json);
if (jsonParser.nextToken() != JsonToken.START_OBJECT) {
jsonParser.close();
logger.error("起始位置没有大括号");
throw new IOException("起始位置没有大括号");
}
TwitterEntry result = new TwitterEntry();
try {
// Iterate over object fields:
while (jsonParser.nextToken() != JsonToken.END_OBJECT) {
String fieldName = jsonParser.getCurrentName();
logger.info("正在解析字段 [{}]", jsonParser.getCurrentName());
// 解析下一个
jsonParser.nextToken();
switch (fieldName) {
case "id":
result.setId(jsonParser.getLongValue());
break;
case "text":
result.setText(jsonParser.getText());
break;
case "fromUserId":
result.setFromUserId(jsonParser.getIntValue());
break;
case "toUserId":
result.setToUserId(jsonParser.getIntValue());
break;
case "languageCode":
result.setLanguageCode(jsonParser.getText());
break;
default:
logger.error("未知字段 '" + fieldName + "'");
throw new IOException("未知字段 '" + fieldName + "'");
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("反序列化出现异常 :", e);
} finally {
jsonParser.close(); // important to close both parser and underlying File reader
}
return result;
}
/**
* 反序列化测试(JSON -> Object),入参是JSON字符串
* @param url JSON字符串的网络地址
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
public TwitterEntry deserializeJSONFromUrl(String url) throws IOException {
// 从网络上取得JSON字符串
String json = IOUtils.toString(new URL(TEST_JSON_DATA_URL), JsonEncoding.UTF8.name());
logger.info("从网络取得JSON数据 :\n{}", json);
if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(json)) {
return deserializeJSONStr(json);
} else {
logger.error("从网络获取JSON数据失败");
return null;
}
}
/**
* 序列化测试(Object -> JSON)
* @param twitterEntry
* @return 由对象序列化得到的JSON字符串
*/
public String serialize(TwitterEntry twitterEntry) throws IOException{
String rlt = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
JsonGenerator jsonGenerator = jsonFactory.createGenerator(byteArrayOutputStream, JsonEncoding.UTF8);
try {
jsonGenerator.useDefaultPrettyPrinter();
jsonGenerator.writeStartObject();
jsonGenerator.writeNumberField("id", twitterEntry.getId());
jsonGenerator.writeStringField("text", twitterEntry.getText());
jsonGenerator.writeNumberField("fromUserId", twitterEntry.getFromUserId());
jsonGenerator.writeNumberField("toUserId", twitterEntry.getToUserId());
jsonGenerator.writeStringField("languageCode", twitterEntry.getLanguageCode());
jsonGenerator.writeEndObject();
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("序列化出现异常 :", e);
} finally {
jsonGenerator.close();
}
// 一定要在
rlt = byteArrayOutputStream.toString();
return rlt;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
StreamingDemo streamingDemo = new StreamingDemo();
// 执行一次对象转JSON操作
logger.info("********************执行一次对象转JSON操作********************");
String serializeResult = streamingDemo.serialize(TEST_OBJECT);
logger.info("序列化结果是JSON字符串 : \n{}\n\n", serializeResult);
// 用本地字符串执行一次JSON转对象操作
logger.info("********************执行一次本地JSON反序列化操作********************");
TwitterEntry deserializeResult = streamingDemo.deserializeJSONStr(TEST_JSON_STR);
logger.info("\n本地JSON反序列化结果是个java实例 : \n{}\n\n", deserializeResult);
// 用网络地址执行一次JSON转对象操作
logger.info("********************执行一次网络JSON反序列化操作********************");
deserializeResult = streamingDemo.deserializeJSONFromUrl(TEST_JSON_DATA_URL);
logger.info("\n网络JSON反序列化结果是个java实例 : \n{}", deserializeResult);
ObjectMapper a;
}
}
- 上述代码可见JsonParser负责将JSON解析成对象的变量值,核心是循环处理JSON中的所有内容;
- JsonGenerator负责将对象的变量写入JSON的各个属性,这里是开发者自行决定要处理哪些字段;
- 不论是JsonParser还是JsonGenerator,大家都可以感觉到工作量很大,需要开发者自己动手实现对象和JSON字段的关系映射,实际应用中不需要咱们这样辛苦的编码,jackson的另外两个库(annonation的databind)已经帮我们完成了大量工作,上述代码只是揭示最基础的jackson执行原理;
- 执行StreamingDemo类,得到结果如下,序列化和反序列化都成功了:
- 以上就是jackson-core的基本功能,咱们了解了jackson最底层的工作原理,接下来的文章会继续实践更多操作;
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https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos