体验SpringCloud Gateway
Spring Cloud Gateway是Spring Cloud技术栈中的网关服务,本文实战构建一个SpringCloud环境,并开发一个SpringCloud Gateway应用,快速体验网关服务;
环境信息
- 操作系统:win10(64位)
- JDK:1.8.0_181
- Maven:3.5.0
- Spring Cloud:Greenwich.SR
源码下载
如果您不打算写代码,也可以从GitHub上下载本次实战的源码,地址和链接信息如下表所示:
名称 | 链接 | 备注 |
---|---|---|
项目主页 | https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos | 该项目在GitHub上的主页 |
git仓库地址(https) | https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos.git | 该项目源码的仓库地址,https协议 |
git仓库地址(ssh) | git@github.com:zq2599/blog_demos.git | 该项目源码的仓库地址,ssh协议 |
这个git项目中有多个文件夹,本章的源码在gatewaydemo文件夹下,如下图红框所示:
整体设计
本次实战的源码涉及到三个应用:注册中心、服务提供者、网关,它们的关系和业务逻辑如下图:
整个工程基于maven构建,采用父子结构,父工程名为gatewaydemo,里面有三个modular,分别是:eureka()注册中心)、provider(服务提供者)、网关(gateway),在IDEA上呈现的结构如下图所示:
准备完毕,开始编码吧;
创建父工程
- 创建名为gatewaydemo的maven工程,pom.xml内容如下,这是个典型的父子工程pom,dependencyManagement节点接管了版本匹配:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/>
</parent>
<groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId>
<artifactId>gatewaydemo</artifactId>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<modules>
<module>eureak</module>
<module>provider</module>
<module>gateway</module>
</modules>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-boot.version>2.1.6.RELEASE</spring-boot.version>
<maven-compiler-plugin.version>3.5</maven-compiler-plugin.version>
<maven-deploy-plugin.version>2.8.2</maven-deploy-plugin.version>
<maven-failsafe-plugin.version>2.18.1</maven-failsafe-plugin.version>
<maven-surefire-plugin.version>2.21.0</maven-surefire-plugin.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR2</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
</project>
- 如果您是用IDEA创建的工程,那么IDEA可能会在pom.xml所在目录自动创建src文件夹,请手动将其删除,因为用不上;
eureka工程
- 接下来是创建注册中心,鼠标右键点击gatewaydemo文件夹,选择"New -> Module":
- 在弹出窗口选择Spring Initializr,如下图:
- 接下来的窗口填写Group、Artifact(这里是eureka)、Version等信息,其余的默认,即可完成子工程的创建;
- 新的eureka模块的pom.xml,请修改成如下内容,可见除了指定父工程,还依赖了spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>gatewaydemo</artifactId>
<groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>eureak</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<name>eureak Maven Webapp</name>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>${project.artifactId}</finalName>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
- src\main\resources目录下新增application.yml文件,内容如下,这是普通的注册中心设置:
spring:
application:
name: eureka
server:
port: 8080
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:${server.port}/eureka/
fetch-registry: false
register-with-eureka: false
- java文件只有一个,就是启动类,还通过注解EnableEurekaServer开启了注册中心服务:
package com.bolingcavalry.eureka;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EurekaApplication.class, args);
}
}
- 以上就是注册中心eureka的内容,运行EurekaApplication即可启动服务,访问8080端口的结果如下:
现在注册中心已经就绪,开始编写服务提供者provider应用的代码吧。
provider工程
- 在gatewaydemo下创建一个子工程,名为provider,pom.xml内容如下,可见用到了spring-boot-starter-web和spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client这两个依赖,分别用来支持web服务和注册发现:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>gatewaydemo</artifactId>
<groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>provider</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>${project.artifactId}</finalName>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
- 配置文件application.yml如下,指定了注册中心地址,并且自身端口为8081:
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8080/eureka/
server:
port: 8081
spring:
application:
name: provider
- 启动类ProviderApplication.java:
package com.bolingcavalry.provider;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class ProviderApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ProviderApplication.class, args);
}
}
- 增加一个controller,用于响应web请求,注意hello方法会从请求的header中取出名为extendtag的属性值,返回给浏览器:
package com.bolingcavalry.provider.controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping(value = "time", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String hello(HttpServletRequest request){
return "hello, "
+ new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date())
+ ", extendtag ["
+ request.getHeader("extendtag")
+ "]";
}
}
- 启动应用,再次刷新eureka的页面localhost:8080,可见provider应用已经注册上去了,如下图红框所示:
- 访问地址:http://localhost:8081/hello/time ,这是controller提供的web服务接口,得到响应如下图,因为header中没有名为"extendtag"的属性,因此返回了null:
提供服务的provider已经OK,可以开发网关服务了;
gateway工程
- 在gatewaydemo下创建一个子工程,名为gateway,pom.xml内容如下,可见用到了spring-cloud-starter-gateway和spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client这两个依赖,分别用来支持网关服务和注册发现:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>gatewaydemo</artifactId>
<groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>gateway</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>${project.artifactId}</finalName>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
- 配置文件application.yml如下,指定了注册中心地址,并且自身端口为8082,还有开启了网关服务:
server:
port: 8082
spring:
application:
name: gateway
cloud:
gateway:
discovery:
locator:
enabled: true
lowerCaseServiceId: true
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8080/eureka/
- 启动类GatewayApplication .java,可见实例化了一个RouteLocator,该实例就是路由规则,具体的功能请参考代码中的注释:
package com.bolingcavalry.gateway;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.RouteLocator;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.builder.RouteLocatorBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
@SpringBootApplication
public class GatewayApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(GatewayApplication.class, args);
}
@Bean
public RouteLocator customRouteLocator(RouteLocatorBuilder builder) {
return builder.routes()
//增加一个path匹配,以"/gateway/hello/"开头的请求都在此路由
.route(r -> r.path("/customize/hello/**")
//表示将路径中的第一级参数删除,用剩下的路径与provider的路径做拼接,
//这里就是"lb://provider/hello/",能匹配到provider的HelloController的路径
.filters(f -> f.stripPrefix(1)
//在请求的header中添加一个key&value
.addRequestHeader("extendtag", "geteway-" + System.currentTimeMillis()))
//指定匹配服务provider,lb是load balance的意思
.uri("lb://provider")
).build();
}
}
- 启动应用,再次刷新eureka的页面localhost:8080,可见gateway应用已经注册上去了,如下图红框所示:
- 访问地址:http://localhost:8082/customize/hello/time ,这是符合前面我们配置的路由规则的路径,customize被删除掉之后,将剩余的路径转发到provider服务,于是请求的真正地址就是provider服务的/hello/time,得到响应如下图,因为gateway在转发的时候给header中设置了名为"extendtag"的属性,因此返回了extendtag是有内容的:
至此,极速体验SpringCloud Gateway的实战就完成了,这里我们只简单的体验了Gateway的一些基本功能,希望本文能帮助您快速搭建环境和开发应用,其实该框架的功能是非常强大的,如果您有兴趣建议从官网的API文档入手深入学习。