MariaDB tar包安装 配置

MariaDB起初是MySQL的一个复刻版，由社区开发，有商业支持，旨在继续保持在GUN GPL下开源。MariaDB的开发是由MySQL的一些原始开发者领导的，他们担心甲骨文收购MySQL后会不继续开源。

MariaDB官网：https://mariadb.org/

一.获取安装包并解压

获取安装包的方式有很多,可以wget,也可以直接下载到本地,以目前最新的版本为例,下载地址为:https://downloads.mariadb.com/MariaDB/mariadb-10.5.8/bintar-linux-x86_64/mariadb-10.5.8-linux-x86_64.tar.gz

下载完成之后,tar解压,例如

[root@localhost opt]# pwd
/opt
# 下载
[root@localhost opt]# wget https://downloads.mariadb.com/MariaDB/mariadb-10.5.8/bintar-linux-x86_64/mariadb-10.5.8-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
# 解压
[root@localhost opt]# tar -zxf mariadb-10.5.8-linux-x86_64.tar.gz 

[root@localhost opt]# ls

mariadb-10.5.8-linux-x86_64
mariadb-10.5.8-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
# 解压后可以把文件夹重命名为想要的basedir
[root@localhost opt]# mv mariadb-10.5.8-linux-x86_64 mariadb-10.5.8-33068

我们可以看一下basedir的结构

[root@localhost mariadb-10.5.8-33068]# ls
bin CREDITS include lib mysql-test README-wsrep share support-files
COPYING EXCEPTIONS-CLIENT INSTALL-BINARY man README.md scripts sql-bench THIRDPARTY

 

里面比较常用重要的有bin,scripts,support-files这几个文件夹

bin目录下面,是一些可执行程序,例如mariabackup(备份还原工具,后面单独分析),mysql(客户端工具),mysqladmin,mysqlbinlog(日志分析工具),mysqldump(备份还原)等等

scripts目录下面是数据库初始化工具,目前是mariadb-install-db和mysql_install_db,它两其实是一样的

support-files目录下 mysql.server可作为启动程序

二.准备用户和组,datadir和basedir

basedir即为上一步的/opt/mariadb-10.5.8-33068

datadir我选择的是/data01/data/data33068需要注意的是,给datadir要赋予正确的用户和组权限,否则会出现 Permission denied 问题

[root@localhost opt]# groupadd mysql
[root@localhost opt]# useradd -g mysql mysql
[root@localhost data]# mkdir /data01/data/data33068 
[root@localhost data]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data01/data/data33068

三.准备配置文件并使用配置文件初始化

初始化的时候,使用my.cnf,不使用默认配置

使用自定义my.cnf的时候,需要注意my.cnf的读取顺序, /etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf 这两个文件最好不要存在 

Default options are read from the following files in the given order:
/etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf

配置文件仅作参考,具体参数后面再分析

 

[root@localhost mariadb-10.5.8-33068]# cat /opt/mariadb-10.5.8-33068/my.cnf 
[client]
port            = 33068
socket          = /data01/data/data33068/mysql33068.sock

# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
port            = 33068
socket          = /data01/data/data33068/mysql33068.sock
skip-external-locking
skip_name_resolve
thread_handling=pool-of-threads
relay_log_recovery=1
low-priority-updates
event_scheduler = ON
key_buffer_size = 32M
max_allowed_packet = 32M
table_open_cache = 2048
sort_buffer_size = 8M
read_buffer_size = 8M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M
join_buffer_size=8M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 32M
thread_cache_size = 2000
wait_timeout =15
max_connections     =  99999
max_connect_errors  =   9999
max_heap_table_size =  8M
group_concat_max_len = 102400
tmp_table_size = 8M
datadir=/data01/data/data33068
log-error=/data01/data/data33068/mysqld33068.log
log-bin=33068
server-id        = 1
relay-log           = relay-bin
relay-log-index     = relay-bin
binlog_format=row
expire_logs_days=4
innodb_file_per_table=1
innodb_data_home_dir=/data01/data/data33068
innodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:1G:autoextend
innodb_buffer_pool_instances=4
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M
innodb_log_group_home_dir=/data01/data/data33068
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_log_file_size =1G
innodb_log_buffer_size = 50M
innodb_flush_method=O_DIRECT
innodb_thread_concurrency=16
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct=75
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2


[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M

[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
prompt=MariaDB [\d]>

[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 25M
sort_buffer_size = 25M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M

[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout

初始化

[root@localhost mariadb-10.5.8-33068]# /opt/mariadb-10.5.8-33068/scripts/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/opt/mariadb-10.5.8-33068/my.cnf --basedir=/opt/mariadb-10.5.8-33068/ --datadir=/data01/data/data33068/ --user=mysql

若初始化失败,需要根据提示在错误日志里面找问题

四.配置启动脚本并启动

[root@localhost support-files]# cp -rp /opt/mariadb-10.5.8-33068/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld33068

# copy完成之后需要更改下面三行(行号仅供参考)

45 basedir=/opt/mariadb-10.5.8-33068
46 datadir=/data01/data/data33068

261     if $bindir/mysqladmin -S /data01/data/data33068/mysql33068.sock ping >/dev/null 2>&1; then

#也可以使用下面语句进行更改

sed -i "s/^basedir\=/basedir\=\"\/opt\/mariadb-10.5.8-33068\"/g" /etc/init.d/mysqld33068

sed -i "s/^datadir=/datadir=\"\/data01\/data\/data33068\"/g" /etc/init.d/mysqld33068

sed -i "s/mysqladmin/mysqladmin -S \"\/data01\/data\/data33068\/mysql33068.sock\"/g"

 

打开服务

/etc/init.d/mysqld33068 start

即可登陆使用,密码为空

/opt/mariadb-10.5.8-33068/bin/mariadb -S /data01/data/data33068/mysql33068.sock -uroot -p

Enter password: 
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 6
Server version: 10.5.8-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.001 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> Ctrl-C -- exit!
Aborted