for in,Object.keys()与for of的区别
for in
- for in一般用于遍历对象的属性;
- 作用于数组的for in除了会遍历数组元素外,还会遍历自定义可枚举的属性,以及原型链上可枚举的属性;
- 作用于数组的for in的遍历结果是数组的索引,且都为字符串型,不能用于运算;
- 某些情况下,可能按照随机顺序遍历数组元素;
1 Array.prototype.sayLength = function(){ 2 console.log(this.length); 3 } 4 let arr = ['a','b','c','d']; 5 arr.name = '数组'; 6 Object.defineProperties(arr,{ 7 type:{ 8 value:true, 9 writable:true, 10 enumerable:true 11 } 12 }); 13 for(let i in arr){ 14 console.log(i);//0,1,2,3,name,type,sayLength 15 }
Object.keys()
- 遍历结果为由对象自身可枚举属性组成的数组,数组中的属性名排列顺序与使用for in循环遍历该对象时返回的顺序一致;
- 与for in区别在于不能遍历出原型链上的属性;
Array.prototype.sayLength = function(){ console.log(this.length); } let arr = ['a','b','c','d']; arr.name = '数组'; Object.defineProperties(arr,{ type:{ value:true, writable:true, enumerable:true } }); var keys = Object.keys(arr); console.log(keys);//["0", "1", "2", "3", "name", "type"]
for of
- ES6中添加的循环语法;
- for of支持遍历数组、类对象(例如DOM NodeList对象)、字符串、Map对象、Set对象;
- for of不支持遍历普通对象,可通过与Object.keys()搭配使用遍历;(见示例二)
- for of遍历后的输出结果为数组元素的值;
- 搭配实例方法entries(),同时输出数组内容和索引;(见示例三)
示例一:
1 Array.prototype.sayLength = function(){ 2 console.log(this.length); 3} 4 let arr = ['a','b','c','d']; 5 arr.name = '数组'; 6 Object.defineProperties(arr,{ 7 type:{ 8 value:true, 9 writable:true, 10 enumerable:true 11 } 12 }); 13 for(let i of arr){ 14 console.log(i);//a,b,c,d 15 }
示例二:
var person={ name:'coco', age:22, locate:{ country:'China', city:'beijing', } } for(var key of Object.keys(person)){ //使用Object.keys()方法获取对象key的数组 console.log(key+": "+person[key]);//name: coco,age: 22,locate: [object Object] }
示例三:
1 let arr3 = ['a', 'b', 'c']; 2 for (let [index, val] of arr3.entries()) { 3 console.log(index + ':' + val);//0:a 1:b 2:c 4 }