.Net Core 中的选项Options
.NetCore的配置选项建议结合在一起学习,不了解.NetCore 配置Configuration的同学可以看下我的上一篇文章 [.Net Core配置Configuration源码研究]
由代码开始
定义一个用户配置选项
public class UserOptions
{
private string instanceId;
private static int index = 0;
public UserOptions()
{
instanceId = (++index).ToString("00");
Console.WriteLine($"Create UserOptions Instance:{instanceId}");
}
public string Name { get; set; }
public int Age { get; set; }
public override string ToString() => $"Name:{Name} Age:{Age} Instance:{instanceId} ";
}
public class UserOptions2
{
public string Name { get; set; }
public int Age { get; set; }
public override string ToString() => $" Name:{Name} Age:{Age}";
}
定义json配置文件:myconfig.json
{
"UserOption": {
"Name": "ConfigName-zhangsan",
"Age": 666
}
}
创建ServiceCollection
services = new ServiceCollection();
var configBuilder = new ConfigurationBuilder().AddInMemoryCollection().AddJsonFile("myconfig.json", true, true);
var iconfiguration = configBuilder.Build();
services.AddSingleton<IConfiguration>(iconfiguration);
示例代码
services.Configure<UserOptions>(x => { x.Name = "张三"; x.Age = new Random().Next(1, 10000); });
services.AddOptions<UserOptions2>().Configure<IConfiguration>((x, config) => { x.Name = config["UserOption:Name"]; x.Age = 100; }); ;
services.PostConfigure<UserOptions>(x => { x.Name = x.Name + "Post"; x.Age = x.Age; });
services.Configure<UserOptions>("default", x => { x.Name = "Default-张三"; x.Age = new Random().Next(1, 10000); });
services.Configure<UserOptions>("config", configuration.GetSection("UserOption"));
using (var provider = services.BuildServiceProvider())
{
using (var scope1 = provider.CreateScope())
{
PrintOptions(scope1, "Scope1");
}
//修改配置文件
Console.WriteLine(string.Empty);
Console.WriteLine("修改配置文件");
var filePath = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "myconfig.json");
File.WriteAllText(filePath, "{\"UserOption\": { \"Name\": \"ConfigName-lisi\", \"Age\": 777}}");
//配置文件的change回调事件需要一定时间执行
Thread.Sleep(300);
Console.WriteLine(string.Empty);
using (var scope2 = provider.CreateScope())
{
PrintOptions(scope2, "Scope2");
}
Console.WriteLine(string.Empty);
using (var scope3 = provider.CreateScope())
{
PrintOptions(scope3, "Scope3");
}
}
static void PrintOptions(IServiceScope scope, string scopeName)
{
var options1 = scope.ServiceProvider.GetService<IOptions<UserOptions>>();
Console.WriteLine($"手动注入读取,IOptions,{scopeName}-----{ options1.Value}");
var options2 = scope.ServiceProvider.GetService<IOptionsSnapshot<UserOptions>>();
Console.WriteLine($"配置文件读取,IOptionsSnapshot,{scopeName}-----{ options2.Value}");
var options3 = scope.ServiceProvider.GetService<IOptionsSnapshot<UserOptions>>();
Console.WriteLine($"配置文件根据名称读取,IOptionsSnapshot,{scopeName}-----{ options3.Get("config")}");
var options4 = scope.ServiceProvider.GetService<IOptionsMonitor<UserOptions>>();
Console.WriteLine($"配置文件读取,IOptionsMonitor,{scopeName}-----{ options4.CurrentValue}");
var options5 = scope.ServiceProvider.GetService<IOptionsMonitor<UserOptions>>();
Console.WriteLine($"配置文件根据名称读取,IOptionsMonitor,{scopeName}-----{options5.Get("config")}");
var options6 = scope.ServiceProvider.GetService<IOptions<UserOptions2>>();
Console.WriteLine($"Options2-----{options6.Value}");
}
代码运行结果
Create UserOptions Instance:01
手动注入读取,IOptions,Scope1----- Name:张三Post Age:6575 Instance:01
Create UserOptions Instance:02
配置文件读取,IOptionsSnapshot,Scope1----- Name:张三Post Age:835 Instance:02
Create UserOptions Instance:03
配置文件根据名称读取,IOptionsSnapshot,Scope1----- Name:ConfigName-zhangsan Age:666 Instance:03
Create UserOptions Instance:04
配置文件读取,IOptionsMonitor,Scope1----- Name:张三Post Age:1669 Instance:04
Create UserOptions Instance:05
配置文件根据名称读取,IOptionsMonitor,Scope1----- Name:ConfigName-zhangsan Age:666 Instance:05
Options2----- Name:ConfigName-zhangsan Age:100
修改配置文件
Create UserOptions Instance:06
手动注入读取,IOptions,Scope2----- Name:张三Post Age:6575 Instance:01
Create UserOptions Instance:07
配置文件读取,IOptionsSnapshot,Scope2----- Name:张三Post Age:5460 Instance:07
Create UserOptions Instance:08
配置文件根据名称读取,IOptionsSnapshot,Scope2----- Name:ConfigName-lisi Age:777 Instance:08
配置文件读取,IOptionsMonitor,Scope2----- Name:张三Post Age:1669 Instance:04
配置文件根据名称读取,IOptionsMonitor,Scope2----- Name:ConfigName-lisi Age:777 Instance:06
Options2----- Name:ConfigName-zhangsan Age:100
手动注入读取,IOptions,Scope3----- Name:张三Post Age:6575 Instance:01
Create UserOptions Instance:09
配置文件读取,IOptionsSnapshot,Scope3----- Name:张三Post Age:5038 Instance:09
Create UserOptions Instance:10
配置文件根据名称读取,IOptionsSnapshot,Scope3----- Name:ConfigName-lisi Age:777 Instance:10
配置文件读取,IOptionsMonitor,Scope3----- Name:张三Post Age:1669 Instance:04
配置文件根据名称读取,IOptionsMonitor,Scope3----- Name:ConfigName-lisi Age:777 Instance:06
Options2----- Name:ConfigName-zhangsan Age:100
通过运行代码得到的结论
- Options可通过手动初始化配置项配置(可在配置时读取依赖注入的对象)、或通过IConfiguration绑定配置
- PostConfiger可在Configer基础上继续配置
- 可通过IOptionsSnapshot或IOptionsMonitor根据配置名称读取配置项,未指定名称读取第一个注入的配置
- IOptions和IOptionsMonitor生命周期为Singleton,IOptionsSnapshot生命周期为Scope
- IOptionsMonitor可监听到配置文件变动去动态更新配置项
问题
- IOptions,IOptionsSnapshot,IOptionsMonitor 如何/何时注入、初始化
- Options指定名称时内部是如何设置的
- Options如何绑定的IConfiguration
- IOptionsMonitor是如何同步配置文件变动的
配合源码解决疑惑
Configure注入
public static IServiceCollection Configure<TOptions>(this IServiceCollection services, Action<TOptions> configureOptions) where TOptions : class
{
return services.Configure(Microsoft.Extensions.Options.Options.DefaultName, configureOptions);
}
public static IServiceCollection Configure<TOptions>(this IServiceCollection services, string name, Action<TOptions> configureOptions) where TOptions : class
{
services.AddOptions();
services.AddSingleton((IConfigureOptions<TOptions>)new ConfigureNamedOptions<TOptions>(name, configureOptions));
return services;
}
public static IServiceCollection AddOptions(this IServiceCollection services)
{
services.TryAdd(ServiceDescriptor.Singleton(typeof(IOptions<>), typeof(OptionsManager<>)));
services.TryAdd(ServiceDescriptor.Scoped(typeof(IOptionsSnapshot<>), typeof(OptionsManager<>)));
services.TryAdd(ServiceDescriptor.Singleton(typeof(IOptionsMonitor<>), typeof(OptionsMonitor<>)));
services.TryAdd(ServiceDescriptor.Transient(typeof(IOptionsFactory<>), typeof(OptionsFactory<>)));
services.TryAdd(ServiceDescriptor.Singleton(typeof(IOptionsMonitorCache<>), typeof(OptionsCache<>)));
return services;
}
通过上面的源码可以发现,Options相关类是在AddOptions中注入的,具体的配置项在Configure中注入。
如果不指定Configure的Name,也会有个默认的Name=Microsoft.Extensions.Options.Options.DefaultName
那么我们具体的配置项存到哪里去了呢,在ConfigureNamedOptions这个类中,在Configer函数调用时,只是把相关的配置委托存了起来:
public ConfigureNamedOptions(string name, Action<TOptions> action)
{
Name = name;
Action = action;
}
OptionsManager
private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, Lazy<TOptions>> _cache = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, Lazy<TOptions>>(StringComparer.Ordinal);
public TOptions Value => Get(Options.DefaultName);
public virtual TOptions Get(string name)
{
name = name ?? Options.DefaultName;
return _cache.GetOrAdd(name, () => _factory.Create(name));
}
OptionsManager实现相对较简单,在查询时需要执行Name,如果为空就用默认的Name,如果缓存没有,就用Factory创建一个,否则就读缓存中的选项。
IOptions和IOptionsSnapshot的实现类都是OptionsManager,只是生命周期不同。
OptionsFactory
那么OptionsFactory又是如何创建Options的呢?我们看一下他的构造函数,构造函数将所有Configure和PostConfigure的初始化委托都通过构造函数保存在内部变量中
public OptionsFactory(IEnumerable<IConfigureOptions<TOptions>> setups, IEnumerable<IPostConfigureOptions<TOptions>> postConfigures)
{
_setups = setups;
_postConfigures = postConfigures;
}
接下来看Create(有删改,与本次研究无关的代码没有贴出来):
public TOptions Create(string name)
{
//首先创建对应Options的实例
TOptions val = Activator.CreateInstance<TOptions>();
//循环所有的配置项,依次执行,如果对同一个Options配置了多次,最后一次的赋值生效
foreach (IConfigureOptions<TOptions> setup in _setups)
{
var configureNamedOptions = setup as IConfigureNamedOptions<TOptions>;
if (configureNamedOptions != null)
{
//Configure中会判断传入Name的值与本身的Name值是否相同,不同则不执行Action
//这解释了我们一开始的示例中,注入了三个UserOptions,但是在IOptionsSnapshot.Value中获取到的是第一个没有名字的
//因为Value会调用OptionsManager.Get(Options.DefaultName),进而调用Factory的Create(Options.DefaultName)
configureNamedOptions.Configure(name, val);
}
else if (name == Options.DefaultName)
{
setup.Configure(val);
}
}
//PostConfigure没啥可多说了,名字判断逻辑与Configure一样
foreach (var postConfigure in _postConfigures)
{
postConfigure.PostConfigure(name, val);
}
return val;
}
NamedConfigureFromConfigurationOptions
IConfiguration配置Options的方式略有不同
对应Configure扩展方法最终调用的代码在Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.OptionsConfigurationServiceCollectionExtensions这个类中
public static IServiceCollection Configure<TOptions>(this IServiceCollection services, string name, IConfiguration config, Action<BinderOptions> configureBinder) where TOptions : class
{
services.AddOptions();
services.AddSingleton((IOptionsChangeTokenSource<TOptions>)new ConfigurationChangeTokenSource<TOptions>(name, config));
return services.AddSingleton((IConfigureOptions<TOptions>)new NamedConfigureFromConfigurationOptions<TOptions>(name, config, configureBinder));
}
扩展方法里又注入了一个IOptionsChangeTokenSource,这个类的作用是提供一个配置文件变动监听的Token
同时将IConfigureOptions实现类注册成了NamedConfigureFromConfigurationOptions
NamedConfigureFromConfigurationOptions继承了ConfigureNamedOptions,在构造函数中用IConfiguration.Bind实现了生成Options的委托
public NamedConfigureFromConfigurationOptions(string name, IConfiguration config, Action<BinderOptions> configureBinder)
: base(name, (Action<TOptions>)delegate(TOptions options)
{
config.Bind(options, configureBinder);
})
所以在Factory的Create函数中,会调用IConfiguration的Bind函数
由于IOptionsSnapshot生命周期是Scope,在配置文件变动后新的Scope中会获取最新的Options
ValidateOptions
OptionsBuilder还包含了一个Validate函数,该函数要求传入一个Func<TOptions,bool>的委托,会注入一个单例的ValidateOptions对象。
在OptionsFactory构建Options的时候会验证Options的有效性,验证失败会抛出OptionsValidationException异常
对于ValidateOptions和PostConfigureOptions都是构建Options实例时需要用到的主要模块,不过使用和内部实现都较为简单,应用场景也不是很多,本文就不对这两个类多做介绍了
结论
在Configure扩展函数中会首先调用AddOptions函数
IOptions,IOptionsSnapshot,IOptionsMonitor都是在AddOptions函数中注入的
Configure配置的选项配置委托最终会保存到ConfigureNamedOptions或NamedConfigureFromConfigurationOptions
IOptions和IOptionsSnapshot的实现类为OptionsManager
OptionsManager通过OptionsFactory创建Options的实例,并会以Name作为键存到字典中缓存实例
OptionsFactory会通过反射创建Options的实例,并调用ConfigureNamedOptions中的委托给实例赋值
现在只剩下最后一个问题了,OptionsMonitor是如何动态更新选项的呢?
其实前面的讲解中已经提到了一个关键的接口IOptionsChangeTokenSource,这个接口提供一个IChangeToken,通过ChangeToken监听这个Token就可以监听到文件的变动,我们来看下OptionsMonitor是否是这样做的吧!
//构造函数
public OptionsMonitor(IOptionsFactory<TOptions> factory, IEnumerable<IOptionsChangeTokenSource<TOptions>> sources, IOptionsMonitorCache<TOptions> cache)
{
_factory = factory;
_sources = sources;
_cache = cache;
//循环属于TOptions的所有IChangeToken
foreach (IOptionsChangeTokenSource<TOptions> source in _sources)
{
ChangeToken.OnChange(() => source.GetChangeToken(), delegate(string name)
{
//清除缓存
name = name ?? Options.DefaultName;
_cache.TryRemove(name);
}, source.Name);
}
}
public virtual TOptions Get(string name)
{
name = name ?? Options.DefaultName;
return _cache.GetOrAdd(name, () => _factory.Create(name));
}
果然是这样的吧!