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转:在Struts 2中实现文件上传

(本文转自:http://www.blogjava.net/max/archive/2007/03/21/105124.html)

前一阵子有些朋友在电子邮件中问关于Struts 2实现文件上传的问题, 所以今天我们就来讨论一下这个问题。

实现原理

Struts 2是通过Commons FileUpload文件上传。Commons FileUpload通过将HTTP的数据保存到临时文件夹,然后Struts使用fileUpload拦截器将文件绑定到Action的实例中。从而我们就能够以本地文件方式的操作浏览器上传的文件。

具体实现

前段时间Apache发布了Struts 2.0.6 GA,所以本文的实现是以该版本的Struts作为框架的。以下是例子所依赖类包的列表:

依赖类包的列表 
清单1 依赖类包的列表

首先,创建文件上传页面FileUpload.jsp,内容如下:

<% @ page language = " java " contentType = " text/html; charset=utf-8 " pageEncoding = " utf-8 " %> 
<% @ taglib prefix = " s " uri = " /struts-tags " %> 

<! DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" > 
< html xmlns ="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" > 
< head > 
    < title > Struts 2 File Upload </ title > 
</ head > 
< body > 
    < s:form action ="fileUpload" method ="POST" enctype ="multipart/form-data" > 
        < s:file name ="myFile" label ="Image File" /> 
        < s:textfield name ="caption" label ="Caption" />        
        < s:submit /> 
    </ s:form > 
</ body > 
</ html >

清单2 FileUpload.jsp

在FileUpload.jsp中,先将表单的提交方式设为POST,然后将enctype设为multipart/form-data,这并没有什么特别之处。接下来,<s:file/>标志将文件上传控件绑定到Action的myFile属性。

其次是FileUploadAction.java代码:

 
package tutorial;

 import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
 import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.FileInputStream;
 import java.io.FileOutputStream;
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.io.OutputStream;
 import java.util.Date;

 import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;

 import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

 public class FileUploadAction extends ActionSupport {
     private static final long serialVersionUID = 572146812454l ;
     private static final int BUFFER_SIZE = 16 * 1024 ;
    
     private File myFile;
     private String contentType;
     private String fileName;
     private String imageFileName;
     private String caption;
    
     public void setMyFileContentType(String contentType) {
         this .contentType = contentType;
    } 
    
     public void setMyFileFileName(String fileName) {
         this .fileName = fileName;
    } 
        
     public void setMyFile(File myFile) {
         this .myFile = myFile;
    } 
    
     public String getImageFileName() {
         return imageFileName;
    } 
    
     public String getCaption() {
         return caption;
    } 
 
     public void setCaption(String caption) {
         this .caption = caption;
    } 
    
     private static void copy(File src, File dst) {
         try {
            InputStream in = null ;
            OutputStream out = null ;
             try {                
                in = new BufferedInputStream( new FileInputStream(src), BUFFER_SIZE);
                out = new BufferedOutputStream( new FileOutputStream(dst), BUFFER_SIZE);
                 byte [] buffer = new byte [BUFFER_SIZE];
                 while (in.read(buffer) > 0 ) {
                    out.write(buffer);
                } 
            } finally {
                 if ( null != in) {
                    in.close();
                } 
                 if ( null != out) {
                    out.close();
                } 
            } 
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } 
    } 
    
     private static String getExtention(String fileName) {
         int pos = fileName.lastIndexOf( " . " );
         return fileName.substring(pos);
    } 
 
    @Override
     public String execute()     {        
        imageFileName = new Date().getTime() + getExtention(fileName);
        File imageFile = new File(ServletActionContext.getServletContext().getRealPath( " /UploadImages " ) + " / " + imageFileName);
        copy(myFile, imageFile);
         return SUCCESS;
    } 
    
}

  

清单3 tutorial/FileUploadAction.java

在FileUploadAction中我分别写了setMyFileContentType、setMyFileFileName、setMyFile和setCaption四个Setter方法,后两者很容易明白,分别对应FileUpload.jsp中的<s:file/>和<s:textfield/>标志。但是前两者并没有显式地与任何的页面标志绑定,那么它们的值又是从何而来的呢?其实,<s:file/>标志不仅仅是绑定到myFile,还有myFileContentType(上传文件的MIME类型)和myFileFileName(上传文件的文件名,该文件名不包括文件的路径)。因此,<s:file name="xxx" />对应Action类里面的xxx、xxxContentType和xxxFileName三个属性。

FileUploadAction作用是将浏览器上传的文件拷贝到WEB应用程序的UploadImages文件夹下,新文件的名称是由系统时间与上传文件的后缀组成,该名称将被赋给imageFileName属性,以便上传成功的跳转页面使用。

下面我们就来看看上传成功的页面:

<% @ page language = " java " contentType = " text/html; charset=utf-8 " pageEncoding = " utf-8 " %> 
<% @ taglib prefix = " s " uri = " /struts-tags " %> 

<! DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" > 
< html xmlns ="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" > 
< head > 
    < title > Struts 2 File Upload </ title > 
</ head > 
< body > 
    < div style ="padding: 3px; border: solid 1px #cccccc; text-align: center" > 
        < img src ='UploadImages/<s:property value ="imageFileName" /> ' />
        < br /> 
        < s:property value ="caption" /> 
    </ div > 
</ body > 
</ html >

 

清单4 ShowUpload.jsp

ShowUpload.jsp获得imageFileName,将其UploadImages组成URL,从而将上传的图像显示出来。

然后是Action的配置文件:

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> 

<! DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd" > 

< struts > 
    < package name ="fileUploadDemo" extends ="struts-default" > 
        < action name ="fileUpload" class ="tutorial.FileUploadAction" > 
            < interceptor-ref name ="fileUploadStack" /> 
            < result name ="success" > /ShowUpload.jsp </ result > 
        </ action > 
    </ package > 
</ struts >

  

清单5 struts.xml

fileUpload Action显式地应用fileUploadStack的拦截器。

最后是web.xml配置文件:

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> 
< web-app id ="WebApp_9" version ="2.4" 
    xmlns ="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" 
    xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
    xsi:schemaLocation ="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd" > 

    < display-name > Struts 2 Fileupload </ display-name > 

    < filter > 
        < filter-name > struts-cleanup </ filter-name > 
        < filter-class > 
            org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ActionContextCleanUp
        </ filter-class > 
    </ filter > 
    
    < filter > 
        < filter-name > struts2 </ filter-name > 
        < filter-class > 
            org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher
        </ filter-class > 
    </ filter > 
    
    < filter-mapping > 
        < filter-name > struts-cleanup </ filter-name > 
        < url-pattern > /* </ url-pattern > 
    </ filter-mapping > 

    < filter-mapping > 
        < filter-name > struts2 </ filter-name > 
        < url-pattern > /* </ url-pattern > 
    </ filter-mapping > 

    < welcome-file-list > 
        < welcome-file > index.html </ welcome-file > 
    </ welcome-file-list > 

</ web-app >

  

清单6 WEB-INF/web.xml

发布运行应用程序,在浏览器地址栏中键入:http://localhost:8080/Struts2_Fileupload/FileUpload.jsp,出现图示页面:

 
清单7 FileUpload页面

选择图片文件,填写Caption并按下Submit按钮提交,出现图示页面:

 
清单8 上传成功页面

更多配置

在运行上述例子,如果您留心一点的话,应该会发现服务器控制台有如下输出:

Mar 20 , 2007 4 : 08 : 43 PM org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher getSaveDir
INFO: Unable to find 'struts.multipart.saveDir' property setting. Defaulting to javax.servlet.context.tempdir
Mar 20 , 2007 4 : 08 : 43 PM org.apache.struts2.interceptor.FileUploadInterceptor intercept
INFO: Removing file myFile C:\Program Files\Tomcat 5.5 \work\Catalina\localhost\Struts2_Fileupload\upload_251447c2_1116e355841__7ff7_00000006.tmp

  

清单9 服务器控制台输出

上述信息告诉我们,struts.multipart.saveDir没有配置。struts.multipart.saveDir用于指定存放临时文件的文件夹,该配置写在struts.properties文件中。例如,如果在struts.properties文件加入如下代码:

struts.multipart.saveDir = /tmp

  

清单10 struts配置

这样上传的文件就会临时保存到你根目录下的tmp文件夹中(一般为c:\tmp),如果此文件夹不存在,Struts 2会自动创建一个。

错误处理

上述例子实现的图片上传的功能,所以应该阻止用户上传非图片类型的文件。在Struts 2中如何实现这点呢?其实这也很简单,对上述例子作如下修改即可。

首先修改FileUpload.jsp,在<body>与<s:form>之间加入“<s:fielderror />”,用于在页面上输出错误信息。

然后修改struts.xml文件,将Action fileUpload的定义改为如下所示:

       
 < action name ="fileUpload" class ="tutorial.FileUploadAction" > 
            < interceptor-ref name ="fileUpload" > 
                < param name ="allowedTypes" > 
                    image/bmp,image/png,image/gif,image/jpeg
                </ param > 
            </ interceptor-ref > 
            < interceptor-ref name ="defaultStack" />            
            < result name ="input" > /FileUpload.jsp </ result > 
            < result name ="success" > /ShowUpload.jsp </ result > 
        </ action >

  

清单11 修改后的配置文件

显而易见,起作用就是fileUpload拦截器的allowTypes参数。另外,配置还引入defaultStack它会帮我们添加验证等功能,所以在出错之后会跳转到名称为“input”的结果,也即是FileUpload.jsp。

发布运行应用程序,出错时,页面如下图所示:

 
清单12 出错提示页面

上面的出错提示是Struts 2默认的,大多数情况下,我们都需要自定义和国际化这些信息。通过在全局的国际资源文件中加入“struts.messages.error.content.type.not.allowed=The file you uploaded is not a image”,可以实现以上提及的需求。对此有疑问的朋友可以参考我之前的文章《在Struts 2.0中国际化(i18n)您的应用程序》。

实现之后的出错页面如下图所示:

 
清单13 自定义出错提示页面

同样的做法,你可以使用参数“maximumSize”来限制上传文件的大小,它对应的字符资源名为:“struts.messages.error.file.too.large”。

字符资源“struts.messages.error.uploading”用提示一般的上传出错信息。

多文件上传

与单文件上传相似,Struts 2实现多文件上传也很简单。你可以将多个<s:file />绑定Action的数组或列表。如下例所示。

< s:form action ="doMultipleUploadUsingList" method ="POST" enctype ="multipart/form-data" > 
    < s:file label ="File (1)" name ="upload" /> 
    < s:file label ="File (2)" name ="upload" /> 
    < s:file label ="FIle (3)" name ="upload" /> 
    < s:submit /> 
</ s:form >

  

清单14 多文件上传JSP代码片段

如果你希望绑定到数组,Action的代码应类似:

 
    private File[] uploads;
     private String[] uploadFileNames;
     private String[] uploadContentTypes;

     public File[] getUpload() { return this .uploads; } 
     public void setUpload(File[] upload) { this .uploads = upload; } 
 
     public String[] getUploadFileName() { return this .uploadFileNames; } 
     public void setUploadFileName(String[] uploadFileName) { this .uploadFileNames = uploadFileName; } 
 
     public String[] getUploadContentType() { return this .uploadContentTypes; } 
     public void setUploadContentType(String[] uploadContentType) { this .uploadContentTypes = uploadContentType; }

  

清单15 多文件上传数组绑定Action代码片段

如果你想绑定到列表,则应类似:

     private List < File > uploads = new ArrayList < File > ();
     private List < String > uploadFileNames = new ArrayList < String > ();
     private List < String > uploadContentTypes = new ArrayList < String > ();

     public List < File > getUpload() {
         return this .uploads;
    } 
     public void setUpload(List < File > uploads) {
         this .uploads = uploads;
    } 
 
     public List < String > getUploadFileName() {
         return this .uploadFileNames;
    } 
     public void setUploadFileName(List < String > uploadFileNames) {
         this .uploadFileNames = uploadFileNames;
    } 
 
     public List < String > getUploadContentType() {
         return this .uploadContentTypes;
    } 
     public void setUploadContentType(List < String > contentTypes) {
         this .uploadContentTypes = contentTypes;
    }

  

清单16 多文件上传列表绑定Action代码片段

总结

在Struts 2中实现文件上传的确是轻而易举,您要做的只是使用<s:file />与Action的属性绑定。这又一次有力地证明了Struts 2的简单易用。

 

posted @ 2014-09-28 15:59  Blueherb  阅读(224)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报