常见.NET功能代码汇总 (3)
33,彻底关闭Excel进程
.NET中使用Excel属于使用非托管资源,使用完成后一般都要用GC回收资源,但是,调用GC的位置不正确,Excel进程可能无法彻底关闭,如下面的代码:
static void OpenExcelTest(int j) { //Application excel = null; excel = new Application(); excel.Visible = true; excel.Workbooks.Open("d:\\A1000.xla"); Workbook wb = excel.Application.Workbooks.Open("d:\\Book1.xlsx"); Worksheet sh = wb.Worksheets.Item["Sheet1"]; object[,] ssss = sh.Range[sh.Cells[1.1], sh.Cells[3, 1]].Value2; Console.WriteLine("opened excel no. {0}", j); Console.ReadLine(); try { //尝试程序关闭Excel进程 wb.Close(false); sh = null; wb = null; excel.Quit(); } catch (Exception ex) { Console.WriteLine("用户已经手工结束了Excel进程,内部错误消息:{0}",ex.Message ); } int generation = System.GC.GetGeneration(excel); //No.1 //System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(wb); //System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(sh); //System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(excel); excel = null; //No.2 //GC.Collect(generation); Console.WriteLine("close excel no. {0}", j); Console.ReadLine(); }
在上面的代码中,如果取消 No.1,No.2位置处的注释,方法结束后,Excel进程是无法结束的,解决办法,只需要把
GC.Collect();
这行代码写到方法之外即可。
Application excel = null;
这个Excel应用程序对象定义在方法内或者外都是可以的,哪怕定义一个静态变量,结果都没有影响。
34,给ZIP文件添加文件头
将很多零散的文件打包成ZIP文件方便使用,但是ZIP文件使用相关的工具很容易解压,并且无法判断该文件是指定的文件。可以给ZIP文件增加文件头内容,在文件头里面写入要验证的标记。采用这种方式,加了标记的ZIP文件仍然可以被ZIP工具打开,从而制作只有自己能用的ZIP文件。
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/// <summary> /// 创建文件包 /// </summary> /// <param name="userName">打包文件的用户名</param> /// <param name="savePath">保存的文件包路径</param> /// <param name="files">文件清单</param> /// <param name="businessID">业务ID</param> /// <param name="pkgVersion">文件包版本号</param> /// <returns>文件包全路径</returns> public string CreatePackage(string userName, string savePath, List<string> files, string businessID,string pkgVersion="00") { //DataPackages 存放导入导出项目文件包的目录,以此目录打包,最终压缩文件存放目录为用户指定路径下 //每次生成一个临时目录 string tempDir = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMddHHmmss"); string pkgDirRoot = System.IO.Path.Combine(System.AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "Packages"); string pkgDir = System.IO.Path.Combine(System.AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "Packages", businessID, tempDir); string pkgSaveFile = System.IO.Path.Combine(savePath, "SODPackage_"+ tempDir + ".pkg"); string pkgSaveFileTemp = System.IO.Path.Combine(savePath,"SODPackage_"+ tempDir + ".tmp"); try { if (!System.IO.Directory.Exists(pkgDir)) System.IO.Directory.CreateDirectory(pkgDir); StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); //复制文件到压缩目录 foreach (string file in files) { int index = file.IndexOf(businessID); if (index > 0) { //假设给出的文件路径中都包含了业务ID string subStr = file.Substring(index + businessID.Length+1); string targetFile = System.IO.Path.Combine(pkgDir, subStr); string targetDir = System.IO.Path.GetDirectoryName(targetFile); if (!System.IO.Directory.Exists(targetDir)) System.IO.Directory.CreateDirectory(targetDir); System.IO.File.Copy(file, targetFile); sb.AppendLine(subStr); } } //写一个清单文件 string infoFile = System.IO.Path.Combine(pkgDir, "info.txt"); string infoText = string.Format("RemoteServer={0}\r\nUserName={1}\r\nProjectID={2}\r\nProjectName={3}\r\nData Version={4}\r\nPackage Dir={5}\r\nPackage Files List:\r\n{6}", remoteServer, userName, businessID,projectName, pkgVersion, pkgDir, sb.ToString()); System.IO.File.AppendAllText(infoFile, infoText); System.IO.Compression.ZipFile.CreateFromDirectory(pkgDir, pkgSaveFileTemp); //添加文件头,第一个整数字节,为文件头长度 using (var fs = System.IO.File.Create(pkgSaveFile)) { System.IO.BinaryWriter bw = new System.IO.BinaryWriter(fs); string headStr = string.Format("XXXPackage&{0}&{1}&{2}", businessID, pkgVersion,userName); var headData = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(headStr); bw.Write(headData.Length); bw.Write(headData); var fileData = System.IO.File.ReadAllBytes(pkgSaveFileTemp); bw.Write(fileData, 0, fileData.Length); bw.Close(); fs.Close(); } System.IO.File.Delete(pkgSaveFileTemp); return pkgSaveFile; } catch (Exception ex) { throw new Exception("打包项目文件失败:"+ex.Message, ex); } }
这里用到了方法:
System.IO.Compression.ZipFile.CreateFromDirectory(pkgDir, pkgSaveFileTemp);
需要程序引用2个程序集文件,并且需要.NET 4.5以后才支持:
System.IO.Compression;
System.IO.Compression.ZipFile;
下面是解压的方法:
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/// <summary> /// 解压缩包文件,包括处理数据文件 /// </summary> /// <param name="pkgFile">用户指定的包文件路径,会校验此文件格式</param> /// <param name=" businessID">需验证的包文件相关的业务ID</param> /// <param name="pkgVersion">需要验证的文件包版本</param> /// <returns></returns> public string UnZipPackage(string pkgFile, string businessID,string pkgVersion="00") { if (!System.IO.File.Exists(pkgFile)) throw new Exception("指定的文件不存在:"+ pkgFile); string tempDir = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMddHHmmss"); string pkgDirRoot = System.IO.Path.Combine(System.AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "Packages"); string pkgDir = System.IO.Path.Combine(System.AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "Packages", tempDir); string pkgFileTemp = System.IO.Path.Combine(System.IO.Path.GetTempPath(), System.DateTime.Now.Ticks.ToString()+ "_Package.tmp"); try { if (!System.IO.Directory.Exists(pkgDir)) System.IO.Directory.CreateDirectory(pkgDir); using (var fs = System.IO.File.OpenRead(pkgFile)) { System.IO.BinaryReader br = new System.IO.BinaryReader(fs); //校验文件头,第一个整数字节,为文件头长度 int headLenth = br.ReadInt32(); if (headLenth > 8000) throw new Exception("包文件格式不正确!"); byte[] headData = new byte[headLenth]; int count= br.Read(headData, 0, headData.Length); string tempStr = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(headData); string[] tempArr = tempStr.Split('&'); if(tempArr.Length<=3 || tempArr[0]!= "XXXPackage") throw new Exception("包文件格式不正确!"); if (tempArr[1] != businessID) throw new Exception("不是此项目的数据包文件!\r\n(数据包业务ID="+tempArr[1]+",目标ID="+businessID+")"); if (tempArr[2] != pkgVersion) throw new Exception("数据包版本号不正确!\r\n(数据包版本号=" + tempArr[2] + ",目标版本号="+pkgVersion+")"); byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; using (var fw = System.IO.File.OpenWrite(pkgFileTemp)) { while (count > 0) { count = br.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length); if(count>0) fw.Write(buffer, 0, count); } fw.Close(); } br.Close(); fs.Close(); } System.IO.Compression.ZipFile.ExtractToDirectory(pkgFileTemp, pkgDir); System.IO.File.Delete(pkgFileTemp); return pkgDir; } catch (Exception ex) { throw new Exception("解压缩项目文件失败:"+ex.Message, ex); } }
有了这种方式,在解压文件之前就可以验证文件信息,这对于非常大的压缩文件很有用。
35,利用SOD框架,导出MySQL数据库表数据
MySQL可以通过 SELECT * INTO OUTFILE 的方式,将查询结果的数据导出到一个文本文件,然后再导入此文件的数据到另外一个MySQL数据库.
SOD框架提供了 DbContext 类型,继承它可以检查并创建使用到的所有表,然后用 ResolveAllEntitys() 方法即可获取所有使用的实体类。
例如:下面是导出库中包含指定产品的表的所有数据
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void ExportMySQLData(string ProductID ) { AdoHelper ado = MyDB.GetDBHelperByConnectionName("mySqlDb"); DbContext context = new MyDbContext(ado); var entitys = context.ResolveAllEntitys(); StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); foreach (EntityBase entity in entitys) { var tableName = entity.GetTableName(); var path = Path.Combine("D:\MySQLExportPath”, tableName + ".txt"); path = path.Replace(@"\", "/"); if (entity.PropertyNames.Contains("BusinessID")) { sb.AppendLine("SELECT * INTO OUTFILE "); sb.AppendLine("'" + path + "'"); sb.AppendLine(" FIELDS TERMINATED BY '^`' "); sb.AppendLine("OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '\"' LINES TERMINATED BY "); sb.AppendLine(" FROM "); sb.AppendLine(tableName); sb.AppendLine(" WHERE "); sb.Append("ProductID='" + ProductID + "'"); } } }
导入数据也比较简单,直接用AdoHelper对象的ExecuteNonQuery 方法执行文件导入的SQL语句即可,看下面代码:
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void ImportMySQLData(List<string> fileList) { AdoHelper ado = MyDB.GetDBHelperByConnectionName("mySqlDb1"); ado.CommandTimeOut = 1000; StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); foreach (var file in fileList) { sb.Clear(); var tableName = Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(file); var path = file.Replace(@"\", "/"); sb.AppendLine("LOAD DATA INFILE "); sb.AppendLine("'" + path + "'"); sb.AppendLine(" Replace INTO TABLE "); sb.AppendLine(tableName); sb.AppendLine(" FIELDS TERMINATED BY '^`' "); sb.AppendLine("OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '\"' LINES TERMINATED BY "); ado.ExecuteNonQuery(sb.ToString()); } }
36,使用Power Shell 打开Word并插入文字
Power Shell是很强的脚本语言,将下面的代码存为后缀名是 ps1 格式的文件,然后打开文件,点击运行,即可打开Word,并且插入两行文字。第一行是系统时间,第二行是计算机名字。
$word=new-object -ComObject "Word.Application" $doc =$word.documents.Add() $word.Visible = $true $selection=$word.Selection $selection.TypeText((Get-Date).ToString()) $selection.TypeParagraph() $os=Get-WmiObject -class win32_OperatingSystem $selection.TypeText("Operating System Information for $($os.CSName)")
37,使用VBA删除Word文档中标记为灰色的文字,外加导出PDF功能
将下面代码写到VBA工程中,然后在宏上调用。
删除灰色文字(GRB 217, 217, 217),调用 RemoveSpecialWords 方法
导出PDF,调用 ExportPDF 方法:
Function ExportPDF() As String Dim fileName As String Dim fd As FileDialog, i As Integer Set fd = Application.FileDialog(msoFileDialogSaveAs) With fd For i = 1 To .Filters.Count If .Filters(i).Extensions = "*.pdf" Then Exit For Next .FilterIndex = i If .Show = -1 Then fileName = .SelectedItems(1) MsgBox fileName Else ExportPDF = "" Exit Function End If End With If fd.Filters(fd.FilterIndex).Extensions <> "*.pdf" Then MsgBox "只能导出为PDF格式文件!", vbCritical, "导出报告" ExportPDF = "" Exit Function End If If fileName <> "" Then ActiveDocument.ExportAsFixedFormat OutputFileName:=fileName, _ ExportFormat:=wdExportFormatPDF, _ OpenAfterExport:=False, OptimizeFor:=wdExportOptimizeForPrint, Range:= _ wdExportAllDocument, From:=1, To:=1, Item:=wdExportDocumentContent, _ IncludeDocProps:=True, KeepIRM:=True, CreateBookmarks:= _ wdExportCreateNoBookmarks, DocStructureTags:=True, BitmapMissingFonts:= _ True, UseISO19005_1:=False MsgBox "导出成功!", vbInformation, "导出报告" End If ExportPDF = fileName End Function '删除文档中所有的灰色文字,GRB:217,217,217 ' Sub RemoveSpecialWords() Dim n As Integer ', Info As String With Selection.Find .Parent.HomeKey wdStory .ClearFormatting .Font.Color = wdColorGray15 Do While .Execute n = n + 1 'Info = Info & n & vbTab & .Parent & vbCrLf '提取找到的文本 .Parent.Delete '删除找到的文本 Loop End With If n > 0 Then MsgBox "删除标记文本数量 " & n & " 处!" End Sub Function GetSaveAsFileName(ByVal pdfFile As String) As String Dim rptWordFile As String If pdfFile <> "" Then Dim fileNoExt As String fileNoExt = Left(pdfFile, Len(pdfFile) - 4) ' .pdf rptWordFile = fileNoExt + ".docm" Else rptWordFile = "" End If GetSaveAsFileName = rptWordFile End Function Sub ExportMyPDF() ' ' ExportMyPDF 宏 ' 删除灰色文字,导出PDF文件 ' Dim pdfFile As String RemoveSpecialWords pdfFile = ExportPDF Dim rptWordFile As String rptWordFile = GetSaveAsFileName(pdfFile) If rptWordFile <> "" Then ActiveDocument.SaveAs fileName:=rptWordFile End If 'Documents.Close (False) 'Dim wordFile As String 'wordFile = GetSaveAsFileName("e:\doc\43887ad1-c504-490d-a6a2-dfa616164f9e.pdf") 'MsgBox wordFile End Sub
下面的方法查找到指定内容的段落并改变段落文字颜色做标记(可用于删除):
Sub 查找段落() ' ' 查找段落 宏 ' 查找段落,删除段落 ' Dim s As String Dim count As Integer Dim currRange As Range Dim currCctr As ContentControl Dim title As String s = "要删除" '先找到Word内容控件,然后判断值是否是0,如果是,置于整个自然段为灰色 For i = ActiveDocument.Paragraphs.count To 1 Step -1 Set currRange = ActiveDocument.Paragraphs(i).Range If InStr(currRange.text, s) > 0 Then For c = 1 To currRange.ContentControls.count Set currCctr = currRange.ContentControls(c) title = currCctr.title If currCctr.Type = wdContentControlText Then currCctr.Range.text = "123 测试内容" End If Next 'currRange.Delete '不真正删除,只是先设置成灰色,便于报告导出的时候,再删除 currRange.Font.Color = wdColorGray05 count = count + 1 End If Next MsgBox "删除找到的段落 " & count & " 处!" End Sub
38, 通过命令行打开一个Word文件
通过start命令即可:
start winword.exe "文件1.docx"
39,Winform/WPF async/await容易引起死锁的解决办法
异步到底。全部使用异步。如果是小的项目,改一下无所谓。大的项目,不推荐,最佳办法是使用使用Task.Run
包一层,代码如下:
public partial class Form1 : Form { public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); } private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { var (ok,str) =InvokeAsyncMethod(TestString,5000); if (ok) { MessageBox.Show(str); } else { MessageBox.Show("调用超时"); } } public async Task<string> TestString() { await Task.Delay(2000); return "hello"; } public (bool,T) InvokeAsyncMethod<T>(Func<Task<T>> func, int timeout) { var result = Task.Run(async () => await func()); if (result.Wait(timeout)) { return (true, result.Result); } else { return (false, default(T)); } } }