No.13 数据可视化02

主要内容：

• 条形图
• 饼图
• 直方图
• 核密度图等

1. 条形图 barplot()

1.1 调用数据mtcars

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1 2	mtcars$gear结果：> mtcars$gear  [1] 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 4

1.2 频数统计 table( )函数

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#统计频数 table(mtcars$gear)结果：> #统计频数 > table(mtcars$gear)    3  4  5 15 12  5

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barplot(table(mtcars$gear), names.arg = c('gear-3','gear-4','gear-5'),         ylim = c(0,20),           col=c("blue","green","red"))

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barplot(table(mtcars$gear), names.arg = c('gear-3','gear-4','gear-5'),       <strong>  horiz = T, </strong>  #控制横向还是纵向         xlim = c(0,20),         col=c("blue","green","red"))

 

1.3 叠加柱状图 (矩阵输入）

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table(mtcars$gear,mtcars$vs)   barplot(table(mtcars$gear,mtcars$vs))结果：> table(mtcars$gear,mtcars$vs)           0  1   3 12  3   4  2 10   5  4  1

 

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table(mtcars$gear,mtcars$vs)   barplot(table(mtcars$gear,mtcars$vs), col=c("blue","green","red")) legend("topright", title = "gear",        legend = c(3,4,5), col = c("blue","green","red"), pch = 15, cex = 0.6 )  #pch = 15表示方框， cex = 0.6 缩放因子结果：> table(mtcars$gear,mtcars$vs)           0  1   3 12  3   4  2 10   5  4  1

 

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barplot(table(mtcars$gear,mtcars$vs), beside=T, col=c("blue","green","red"))    #beside = T表示不堆叠，默认堆叠 legend("topright", title = "gear",        legend = c(3,4,5), col = c("blue","green","red"), pch = 15, cex = 0.6 )

 

　2. 饼图 pie( )

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#R自带调色板 a <- rainbow(5) pie(c(1,1,1,1,1),col=a)

 

　3. 直方图 hist( )　

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1	hist(mtcars$disp)

 

4. 其他

lines() #在plot() 绘制的图像上再绘制图像（曲线）