SVN搭建以及客户端使用

第1章 CentOS下搭建SVN服务器

1.1 SVN简介

SVN是Subversion的简称，是一个开放源代码的版本控制系统，相较于RCS、CVS，它采用了分支管理系统，它的设计目标就是取代CVS。互联网上很多版本控制服务已从CVS迁移到Subversion。说得简单一点SVN就是用于多个人共同开发同一个项目，共用资源的目的

1.2 SVN安装

官网下载： http://subversion.apache.org/packages.html

SVN客户端TortoiseSVN :https://tortoisesvn.net/downloads.html

1.2.1 系统环境

[root@Alex ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.1.1503 (Core) 
[root@Alex ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64
[root@Alex ~]# systemctl status firewalld
firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)

Oct 30 22:13:43 Alex systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Oct 30 22:13:48 Alex systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
Oct 30 22:44:11 Alex systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Oct 30 22:44:12 Alex systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
[root@Alex ~]# getenforce
Permissive

1.2.2 安装

使用yum命令安装svn

$ yum install subversion -y

新建svn存储目录

$ mkdir /svn

新建一个测试仓库

$ svnadmin create /svn/test/
$ ll /svn/test/
total 16
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   51 Oct 31 12:45 conf
drwxr-sr-x. 6 root root 4096 Oct 31 12:45 db
-r--r--r--. 1 root root    2 Oct 31 12:45 format
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Oct 31 12:45 hooks
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   39 Oct 31 12:45 locks
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  229 Oct 31 12:45 README.txt

以下关于目录的说明：

hooks目录：放置hook脚步文件的目录

locks目录：用来放置subversion的db锁文件和db_logs锁文件的目录，用来追踪存取文件库的客户端

format目录：是一个文本文件，里边只放了一个整数，表示当前文件库配置的版本号

conf目录：是这个仓库配置文件（仓库用户访问账户，权限）

1.2.3 配置SVN配置文件

$ cd /svn/test/conf
$ vim svnserve.conf 
### This file controls the configuration of the svnserve daemon, if you
### use it to allow access to this repository.  (If you only allow
### access through http: and/or file: URLs, then this file is
### irrelevant.)
### Visit http://subversion.tigris.org/ for more information.
[general]
### These options control access to the repository for unauthenticated
### and authenticated users.  Valid values are "write", "read",
### and "none".  The sample settings below are the defaults.
anon-access = read         ##注意前边不要有空格，要顶齐
auth-access = write         ##注意前边不要有空格，要顶齐
### The password-db option controls the location of the password
### database file.  Unless you specify a path starting with a /,
### the file's location is relative to the directory containing
### this configuration file.
### If SASL is enabled (see below), this file will NOT be used.
### Uncomment the line below to use the default password file.
password-db = passwd        ##注意前边不要有空格，要顶齐
### The authz-db option controls the location of the authorization
### rules for path-based access control.  Unless you specify a path
### starting with a /, the file's location is relative to the the
### directory containing this file.  If you don't specify an
### authz-db, no path-based access control is done.
### Uncomment the line below to use the default authorization file.
authz-db = authz           #授权文件
### This option specifies the authentication realm of the repository.
### If two repositories have the same authentication realm, they should
### have the same password database, and vice versa.  The default realm
### is repository's uuid.
realm = This is My First Test Repository   ##这个是提示信息
[sasl]
### This option specifies whether you want to use the Cyrus SASL
### library for authentication. Default is false.
### This section will be ignored if svnserve is not built with Cyrus
### SASL support; to check, run 'svnserve --version' and look for a line
### reading 'Cyrus SASL authentication is available.'
# use-sasl = true
### These options specify the desired strength of the security layer
### that you want SASL to provide. 0 means no encryption, 1 means
### integrity-checking only, values larger than 1 are correlated
### to the effective key length for encryption (e.g. 128 means 128-bit
### encryption). The values below are the defaults.
# min-encryption = 0
# max-encryption = 256

1.2.4 配置访问用户及密码

$ cd /svn/test/conf
$ vim passwd
### This file is an example password file for svnserve.
### Its format is similar to that of svnserve.conf. As shown in the
### example below it contains one section labelled [users].
### The name and password for each user follow, one account per line.

[users]
# harry = harryssecret
# sally = sallyssecret
dev = 123456
test1 = 123456
test2 = 123456

1.2.5 配置新用户的授权文件

$ cd /svn/test/conf
### This file is an example authorization file for svnserve.
### Its format is identical to that of mod_authz_svn authorization
### files.
### As shown below each section defines authorizations for the path and
### (optional) repository specified by the section name.
### The authorizations follow. An authorization line can refer to:
###  - a single user,
###  - a group of users defined in a special [groups] section,
###  - an alias defined in a special [aliases] section,
###  - all authenticated users, using the '$authenticated' token,
###  - only anonymous users, using the '$anonymous' token,
###  - anyone, using the '*' wildcard.
###
### A match can be inverted by prefixing the rule with '~'. Rules can
### grant read ('r') access, read-write ('rw') access, or no access
### ('').

[aliases]
# joe = /C=XZ/ST=Dessert/L=Snake City/O=Snake Oil, Ltd./OU=Research Institute/CN=Joe Average

[groups]
# harry_and_sally = harry,sally
# harry_sally_and_joe = harry,sally,&joe

# [/foo/bar]
# harry = rw
# &joe = r
# * =

# [repository:/baz/fuz]
# @harry_and_sally = rw
# * = r
admin = dev,test1
user = test2
[/svn/test/]
@admin = rw
@user = r
* = r

说明：

[repo0:/] 代表对repo0所有版本库设置权限权限
[repo0:/21yunwei] 代表对repo0版本库下的21yunwei项目设置权限
[repo0:/21yunwei/demo] 代表对repo0版本库下的21yunwei项目的demo目录设置权限
admin = lqb,test2 创建admin组，组成员为：lqb,test2
user = test1 创建用户组，用户成员：test1
[test:/] 赋予根权限，为了便于管理和权限的控制，可以把权限细化到版本库中相应的目录，如[test:/test]这就是test项目下的一个目录
@admin = rw admin组有读写的权限
@user = r user组只有读的权限
*= 表示除了上面设置的权限用户组以外，其他所有用户都设置空权限，空权限表示禁止访问本目录，这很重要一定要加上