K-Means 实现图像分割
使用的环境,python3.5,opencv2
函数的格式为:
cv2.kmeans(data, K, bestLabels, criteria, attempts, flags)
'''
参数:
data: 分类数据,最好是np.float32的数据,每个特征放一列。
K: 分类数,opencv2的kmeans分类是需要已知分类数的。
bestLabels:预设的分类标签或者None
criteria:迭代停止的模式选择,这是一个含有三个元素的元组型数。格式为(type, max_iter, epsilon)
其中,type有如下模式:
—–cv2.TERM_CRITERIA_EPS :精确度(误差)满足epsilon停止。
—-cv2.TERM_CRITERIA_MAX_ITER:迭代次数超过max_iter停止。
—-cv2.TERM_CRITERIA_EPS+cv2.TERM_CRITERIA_MAX_ITER,两者合体,任意一个满足结束。
attempts:重复试验kmeans算法次数,将会返回最好的一次结果
flags:初始中心选择,有两种方法:
——v2.KMEANS_PP_CENTERS;
——cv2.KMEANS_RANDOM_CENTERS
返回值:
compactness:紧密度,返回每个点到相应重心的距离的平方和
labels:结果标记,每个成员被标记为0,1等
centers:由聚类的中心组成的数组
'''
灰度图片分割
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Author : matthew
# @Software: PyCharm
import cv2
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
def seg_kmeans_gray():
img = cv2.imread('000129.jpg', cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
# 展平
img_flat = img.reshape((img.shape[0] * img.shape[1], 1))
img_flat = np.float32(img_flat)
# 迭代参数
criteria = (cv2.TERM_CRITERIA_EPS + cv2.TermCriteria_MAX_ITER, 20, 0.5)
flags = cv2.KMEANS_RANDOM_CENTERS
# 聚类
compactness, labels, centers = cv2.kmeans(img_flat, 2, None, criteria, 10, flags)
# 显示结果
img_output = labels.reshape((img.shape[0], img.shape[1]))
plt.subplot(121), plt.imshow(img, 'gray'), plt.title('input')
plt.subplot(122), plt.imshow(img_output, 'gray'), plt.title('kmeans')
plt.show()
if __name__ == '__main__':
seg_kmeans_gray()
结果:
彩色图片分割
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Author : matthew
# @Software: PyCharm
import cv2
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
def seg_kmeans_color():
img = cv2.imread('000129.jpg', cv2.IMREAD_COLOR)
# 变换一下图像通道bgr->rgb,否则很别扭啊
b, g, r = cv2.split(img)
img = cv2.merge([r, g, b])
# 3个通道展平
img_flat = img.reshape((img.shape[0] * img.shape[1], 3))
img_flat = np.float32(img_flat)
# 迭代参数
criteria = (cv2.TERM_CRITERIA_EPS + cv2.TermCriteria_MAX_ITER, 20, 0.5)
flags = cv2.KMEANS_RANDOM_CENTERS
# 聚类
compactness, labels, centers = cv2.kmeans(img_flat, 2, None, criteria, 10, flags)
# 显示结果
img_output = labels.reshape((img.shape[0], img.shape[1]))
plt.subplot(121), plt.imshow(img), plt.title('input')
plt.subplot(122), plt.imshow(img_output, 'gray'), plt.title('kmeans')
plt.show()
if __name__ == '__main__':
seg_kmeans_color()
结果: