Linux常用的命令全拼及详解

命令缩写：

pwd:print work directory 打印当前目录 显示出当前工作目录的绝对路径

 ps: process status(进程状态，类似于windows的任务管理器) 

常用参数：－auxf 

 ps -auxf 显示进程状态

 df: disk free 其功能是显示磁盘可用空间数目信息及空间结点信息。换句话说，就是报告在任何安装的设备或目录中，还剩多少自由的空间。

du: Disk usage 

rpm：即RedHat Package Management，是RedHat的发明之一 

rmdir：Remove Directory（删除目录）

 rm：Remove（删除目录或文件）

 cat: concatenate 连锁

 cat file1file2>>file3 把文件1和文件2的内容联合起来放到file3中

 insmod: install module,载入模块

ln -s : link -soft 创建一个软链接，相当于创建一个快捷方式

mkdir：Make Directory(创建目录)

touch 

 man: Manual 

su：Swith user(切换用户)

cd：Change directory  

ls：List files  

ps：Process Status  

mkdir：Make directory  

rmdir：Remove directory  

mkfs: Make file system  

fsck：File system check  

uname: Unix name 

lsmod: List modules 

mv: Move file 

rm: Remove file 

cp: Copy file 

ln: Link files 

fg: Foreground 

bg: Background 

chown: Change owner 

chgrp: Change group

chmod: Change mode  

umount: Unmount 

dd: 本来应根据其功能描述“Convert an copy”命名为“cc”，但“cc”已经被用以代表“CComplier”，所以命名为“dd”

tar：Tape archive （磁带档案）

ldd：List dynamic dependencies  

insmod：Install module  

rmmod：Remove module  

lsmod：List module 

文件结尾的"rc"（如.bashrc、.xinitrc等）：Resource configuration 

Knnxxx /Snnxxx（位于rcx.d目录下）：K（Kill）；S(Service)；

nn（执行顺序号）；xxx（服务标识）

.a（扩展名a）：Archive，static library  

.so（扩展名so）：Shared object，dynamically linked library  

.o（扩展名o）：Object file，complied result of C/C++ source file  

RPM：Red hat package manager  

dpkg：Debian package manager 

apt：Advanced package tool（Debian或基于Debian的发行版中提供）

部分Linux命令缩写

bin = Binaries (二进制文件)

/dev = Devices (设备)

/etc = Etcetera (等等)

/lib = LIBrary  

/proc = Processes 

/sbin = Superuser Binaries (超级用户的二进制文件)

/tmp = Temporary (临时)

/usr = Unix Shared Resources 

/var = Variable (变量) 

FIFO = First In, First Out 

GRUB = GRand Unified Bootloader 

IFS= Internal Field Seperators 

LILO = LInux LOader 

MySQL = My 是最初作者女儿的名字，

SQL = Structured QueryLanguage  

PHP = Personal Home Page Tools = PHP HypertextPreprocessor 

PS = Prompt String     

Perl = "Pratical Extraction and Report Language"(实际的抽取和报告语言) ="Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister" 

Python 得名于电视剧Monty Python's Flying Circus 

Tcl = Tool Command Language  

Tk = ToolKit 

VT = Video Terminal 

YaST = Yet Another Setup Tool

apache = "a patchy" server 

apt = Advanced Packaging Tool 

ar = archiver 

as = assembler

awk = "Aho Weiberger and Kernighan"三个作者的姓的第一个字母

bash = Bourne Again SHell 

bc = Basic (Better) Calculator 

bg = BackGround 

biff = 作者HeidiStettner在U.C.Berkely养的一条狗,喜欢对邮递员汪汪叫。

cal = Calendar (日历)

cat = Catenate (链接)

cd = Change Directory 

chgrp = Change Group 

chmod = Change Mode 

chown = Change Owner 

chsh = Change Shell 

cmp = compare  

cobra = Common Object Request BrokerArchitecture 

comm = common 

cp = Copy 

cpio = CoPy In and Out

cpp = C Pre Processor 

cron = Chronos 希腊文时间

cups = Common Unix Printing System 

cvs = Current Version System 

daemon = Disk And Execution MONitor 

dc = Desk Calculator 

dd = Disk Dump (磁盘转储)

df = Disk Free 

diff = Difference 

dmesg = diagnostic message 

du = Disk Usage 

ed = editor 

egrep = Extended GREP 

elf = Extensible Linking Format 

elm = ELectronic Mail 

emacs = Editor MACroS 

eval = EVALuate 

ex = EXtended 

exec = EXECute (执行)

fd = file descriptors 

fg = ForeGround

fgrep = Fixed GREP 

fmt = format 

fsck = File System ChecK 

fstab = FileSystem TABle 

fvwm = F*** Virtual Window Manager 

gawk = GNU AWK 

gpg = GNU Privacy Guard 

groff = GNU troff 

hal = Hardware Abstraction Layer 

joe = Joe's Own Editor 

ksh = Korn SHell 

lame = Lame Ain't an MP3 Encoder 

lex = LEXical analyser 

lisp = LISt Processing = Lots of IrritatingSuperfluous Parentheses 

ln = Link

lpr = Line PRint 

ls = list 

lsof = LiSt Open Files 

m4 = Macro processor Version 4 

man = MANual pages 

mawk = Mike Brennan's AWK

mc = Midnight Commander 

mkfs = MaKe FileSystem 

mknod = Make Node 

motd = Message of The Day 

mozilla = MOsaic GodZILLa 

mtab = Mount TABle 

mv = Move 

nano = Nano's ANOther editor 

nawk = New AWK  

nl = Number of Lines 

nm = names 

nohup = No HangUP 

nroff = New ROFF 

od = Octal Dump 

passwd = Passwd

pg = pager 

pico = PIne's message COmposition editor 

pine = "Program for Internet News &Email" = "Pine is not Elm" 

ping = 拟声 又 = Packet Internet Grouper 

pirntcap = PRINTer CAPability 

popd = POP Directory

pr = pre 

printf = Print Formatted 

ps = Processes Status 

pty = pseudo tty 

pushd = PUSH Directory 

pwd = Print Working Directory 

rc = runcom = run command, rc还是plan9的shell 

rev = REVerse 

rm = ReMove  

rn = Read News 

roff = RunOFF 

rpm = RPM Package Manager = RedHat PackageManager 

rsh, rlogin, rvim中的

r = Remote 

rxvt = ouR XVT 

seamoneky = 我

sed = Stream Editor 

seq = SEQuence 

shar = Shell ARchive 

slrn = S-Lang rn 

ssh = Secure Shell

ssl = Secure Sockets Layer 

stty = Set TTY 

su = Substitute User 

svn = SubVersion 

tar = Tape ARchive 

tcsh = TENEX C shell  

tee = T (T形水管接口) 

telnet = TEminaL over Network 

termcap = terminal capability 

terminfo = terminal information 

tex = τέχνη的缩写，希腊文art 

tr = traslate 

troff = Typesetter new ROFF 

tsort = Topological SORT 

tty = TeleTypewriter 

twm = Tom's Window Manager 

tz = TimeZone 

udev = Userspace DEV 

ulimit = User's LIMIT 

umask = User's MASK 

uniq = UNIQue

i = VIsual = Very Inconvenient 

vim = Vi IMproved 

wall = write all 

wc = Word Count   

wine = WINE Is Not an Emulator 

xargs = eXtended ARGuments 

xdm = X Display Manager 

xlfd = X Logical Font Description 

xmms = X Multimedia System 

xrdb = X Resources DataBase 

xwd = X Window Dump 

yacc = yet another compiler compiler 

Fish = the Friendly Interactive SHell 

su = Switch User 

MIME = Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions 

ECMA = European Computer ManufacturersAssociation 

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