MySQL双主+keeplived安装部署说明
MySQL双主+keeplived安装部署说明
一、环境介绍
1.1、规划
|
序号 |
类别 |
版本 |
主机名 |
IP |
端口 |
备注 |
|
1 |
OS |
CentOS release 6.9 (Final) (minimal) |
my1 |
172.16.210.180 |
8306 |
172.16.210.183 |
|
2 |
mysql |
mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz |
my2 |
172.16.210.181 |
8306 |
|
|
3 |
keeplived |
keepalived-1.2.7.tar.gz |
|
|
|
|
参考资料：
http://www.cnblogs.com/276815076/p/5649539.html
mysql下载地址：
https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
keeplived下载地址：
http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.7.tar.gz
1.2、MySQL双主互备+keepalived高可用架构介绍
MySQL主从复制架构可以在很大程度保证MySQL的高可用，在一主多从的架构中还可以利用读写分离将读操作分配到从库中，减轻主库压力。但是在这种架构中，主库出现故障时需要手动将一台从库提升为主库。在对写操作要求较高的环境中，主库故障在主从架构中会成为单点故障。因此需要主主互备架构，避免主节点故障造成写操作失效。
在双主互备的架构中，每台MySQL都充当主服务器，同时充当对方的从服务器。在任意一台服务器上的写操作都会被复制到另一台服务器上，从而保证了数据的可靠性。
在双主互备的基础上加上keepalived，在其中一台机器上绑定虚拟ip（VIP）。利用vip统一对外服务，可以避免在两个节点同时写数据造成冲突。同时当keepalived主节点发生故障时，keeplived会自动将VIP切换到备节点上，从而实现主服务器的高可用。
二、安装mysql5.7
2.1、主机M1上的操作
2.1.1、安装依赖包
yum clean all yum -y update yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make autoconf automake ncurses-devel bison ncurses cmake libaio libaio-devel boost yum -y install gcc-c++ gd libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel net-snmp-devel wget telnet vim zip unzip yum -y install curl-devel libxslt-devel pcre-devel libjpeg libpng libcurl4-openssl-dev yum -y install libcurl-devel libcurl freetype-config freetype freetype-devel unixODBC libxslt yum -y install gcc automake autoconf libtool openssl-devel yum -y install perl-devel perl-ExtUtils-Embed yum -y install cmake ncurses-devel.x86_64 openldap-devel.x86_64 lrzsz openssh-clients gcc-g77 bison yum -y install libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel mhash mhash-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel yum -y install ntpdate rsync svn patch iptables iptables-services yum -y install libevent libevent-devel cyrus-sasl cyrus-sasl-devel yum -y install gd-devel libmemcached-devel memcached git libssl-devel libyaml-devel auto make yum -y groupinstall "Server Platform Development" "Development tools" yum -y groupinstall "Development tools"
2.1.2、下载解压
rm -rf /etc/my.cnf mkdir -p /opt/mysql cd /opt/mysql/ wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz tar -zxf mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz cd /usr/local/ ln -s /opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
2.1.3、创建所需要的目录
mkdir -p /data/mysql/mysql_8306/{data,logs,tmp}
2.1.4、更改权限
groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql -d /home/mysql -s /sbin/nologin
2.1.5、创建my.cnf
cat >/data/mysql/mysql_8306/my_8306.cnf <<EOF #my.cnf [client] port = 8306 socket = /data/mysql/mysql_8306/tmp/mysql_8306.sock [mysql] #prompt="\u@\h:\p \R:\m:\s [\d]>" #tee=/data/mysql/mysql_8306/data/query.log #prompt="\u@\h:\p \R:\m:\s [\d]>" prompt = "[\u@\h][\d]>\_" connect_timeout = 5 no-auto-rehash [mysqld] #misc user = mysql basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /data/mysql/mysql_8306/data port = 8306 socket = /data/mysql/mysql_8306/tmp/mysql_8306.sock #timeout interactive_timeout = 300 wait_timeout = 300 #character set character-set-server = utf8 open_files_limit = 65535 max_connections = 100 max_connect_errors = 100000 skip-name-resolve = 1 #logs log-output=file slow_query_log = 1 slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/mysql_8306/logs/slow.log log-error = /data/mysql/mysql_8306/logs/error.log log_error_verbosity = 3 pid-file = mysql.pid long_query_time = 1 #log-slow-admin-statements = 1 #log-queries-not-using-indexes = 1 log-slow-slave-statements = 1 #tmp tmpdir=/data/mysql/mysql_8306/tmp event_scheduler = 1 performance_schema = on max_allowed_packet = 32M character_set_server = utf8mb4 #character_set_server = utf8 default-time-zone = system default-storage-engine = InnoDB #bind_address = 172.16.151.248 explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = 1 #binlog binlog_format = row server-id = 1818306 log-bin = /data/mysql/mysql_8306/logs/mysql-bin log-bin-index = /data/mysql/mysql_8306/logs/mysql-bin.index binlog_cache_size = 4M max_binlog_size = 1G max_binlog_cache_size = 2G sync_binlog = 0 expire_logs_days = 90 #replicate-wild-ignore-table=mysql.% replicate-wild-ignore-table=test.% replicate-wild-ignore-table=information_schema.% #relay log skip_slave_start = 1 max_relay_log_size = 1G relay_log_purge = 1 relay_log_recovery = 1 log_slave_updates #slave-skip-errors=1032,1053,1062 explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=1 #buffers & cache table_open_cache = 2048 table_definition_cache = 2048 table_open_cache = 2048 max_heap_table_size = 96M sort_buffer_size = 2M join_buffer_size = 2M thread_cache_size = 256 query_cache_size = 0 query_cache_type = 0 query_cache_limit = 256K query_cache_min_res_unit = 512 thread_stack = 192K tmp_table_size = 96M key_buffer_size = 8M read_buffer_size = 2M read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 32M #myisam myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G myisam_repair_threads = 1 #innodb innodb_buffer_pool_size = 10G innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 1 innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1G:autoextend innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2 innodb_log_buffer_size = 64M innodb_log_file_size = 500M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 50 innodb_file_per_table = 1 innodb_rollback_on_timeout innodb_status_file = 1 innodb_io_capacity = 2000 transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT gtid_mode = ON enforce_gtid_consistency = ON master_info_repository = TABLE relay-log-info-repository = TABLE binlog_checksum = NONE log_slave_updates = ON # Two-Master configure #server-1 auto-increment-offset = 1 auto-increment-increment = 2 #server-2 #auto-increment-offset = 2 #auto-increment-increment = 2 # semi sync replication settings # plugin_dir = /usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin #官方版本的路径 #plugin_dir = /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql/plugin plugin_load = "rpl_semi_sync_master=semisync_master.so;rpl_semi_sync_slave=semisync_slave.so" #官方版本的路径 #plugin_load = "validate_password.so;rpl_semi_sync_master=semisync_master.so;rpl_semi_sync_slave=semisync_slave.so" loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = on loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout = 5000 loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_trace_level = 32 loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_no_slave = on loose_rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = on loose_rpl_semi_sync_slave_trace_level = 32 loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = 1 loose_rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = 1 loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout = 5000 loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_for_slave_count=1 loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_point=AFTER_SYNC slave_preserve_commit_order = 1 slave_transaction_retries = 128 log_timestamps = system show_compatibility_56 = on slave_parallel_workers = 16 slave_parallel_type = LOGICAL_CLOCK loose_innodb_numa_interleave = 1 innodb_buffer_pool_dump_pct = 40 innodb_page_cleaners = 16 innodb_undo_log_truncate = 1 innodb_max_undo_log_size = 2G innodb_purge_rseg_truncate_frequency = 128 #transaction_write_set_extraction = MURMUR32 # group replication ##log-bin = mysql ##server-id = 618306 ##gtid_mode = ON ##enforce_gtid_consistency = ON ##master_info_repository = TABLE ##relay-log-info-repository = TABLE ##binlog_checksum = NONE ##log_slave_updates = ON ##binlog_format = row ##transaction_write_set_extraction=XXHASH64 ##loose-group_replication_group_name = '3db33b36-0e51-409f-a61d-c99756e90154' ##loose-group_replication_start_on_boot = off ##loose-group_replication_local_address= "10.125.141.62:28306" # 不能超过5位数字 ##loose-group_replication_group_seeds= "10.125.141.62:28306,10.125.141.62:23307,10.125.141.62:23308" # 不能超过5位数字 ##loose-group_replication_bootstrap_group= off # loose-group_replication_single_primary_mode=FALSE ###本次搭建的是mutil_mode # loose-group_replication_enforce_update_everywhere_checks= TRUE [mysqld_safe] #malloc-lib=/usr/local/mysql/lib/jmalloc.so nice=-19 open-files-limit=65535 EOF
2.1.6、修改目录权限
chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql/
2.1.7、初始化
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql_8306/my_8306.cnf --initialize-insecure &
2.1.8、启动
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql_8306/my_8306.cnf &
# 推荐的启动方式
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql_8306/my_8306.cnf &
2.1.9、登陆方式
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p -P8306 -S /data/mysql/mysql_8306/tmp/mysql_8306.sock
或者
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -P8306 -S /data/mysql/mysql_8306/tmp/mysql_8306.sock
2.1.10、创建授权修改密码
set sql_log_bin = 0; create user 'rpl_user'@'%'; grant replication slave on *.* to 'rpl_user'@'%' identified by 'rpl_user2017'; update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('root2017') where user='root'; flush privileges; set sql_log_bin = 1; reset master ; reset slave all;
2.1.11、change master
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.16.210.181',MASTER_USER='rpl_user', MASTER_PASSWORD='rpl_user2017',MASTER_PORT=8306, MASTER_CONNECT_RETRY=10,MASTER_AUTO_POSITION =1; start slave; show slave status\G;
2.1.12、设置快捷登陆方式
[root@my1 local]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config_editor set --host=localhost --login-path=8306_localhost_login \ > --user=root --port=8306 --password --socket=/data/mysql/mysql_8306/tmp/mysql_8306.sock Enter password: [root@my1 local]# # 查看 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config_editor print --all [root@my1 local]# alias mysql.8306.login='/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql_8306/my_8306.cnf --login-path=8306_localhost_login'
2.1.13、快捷关闭数据库
[root@my1 local]#alias mysql.8306.stop='/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin --login-path=8306_localhost_login shutdown'
2.1.14、加入备忘录
[root@my1 ~]# cat >>/root/.bashrc <<EOF alias mysql.8306.start='/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql_8306/my_8306.cnf &' alias mysql.8306.login='/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql_8306/my_8306.cnf --login-path=8306_localhost_login' alias mysql.8306.stop='/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin --login-path=8306_localhost_login shutdown' EOF [root@my1 ~]# source /root/.bash_profile
2.1.15、备份脚本
[root@my1 ~]# cat /root/all_database.sh #!/bin/bash /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump --login-path=8306_localhost_login -R -E --triggers -e --max_allowed_packet=16777216 --net_buffer_length=16384 --master-data=2 --single-transaction --all-databases --quick | gzip >/root/all_database_bak_`date +%Y-%m-%d_%H_%M_%S`.sql.gz [root@my1 ~]#
2.2、主机M2上的操作
2.2.1、安装依赖包
yum clean all yum -y update yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make autoconf automake ncurses-devel bison ncurses cmake libaio libaio-devel boost yum -y install gcc-c++ gd libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel net-snmp-devel wget telnet vim zip unzip yum -y install curl-devel libxslt-devel pcre-devel libjpeg libpng libcurl4-openssl-dev yum -y install libcurl-devel libcurl freetype-config freetype freetype-devel unixODBC libxslt yum -y install gcc automake autoconf libtool openssl-devel yum -y install perl-devel perl-ExtUtils-Embed yum -y install cmake ncurses-devel.x86_64 openldap-devel.x86_64 lrzsz openssh-clients gcc-g77 bison yum -y install libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel mhash mhash-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel yum -y install ntpdate rsync svn patch iptables iptables-services yum -y install libevent libevent-devel cyrus-sasl cyrus-sasl-devel yum -y install gd-devel libmemcached-devel memcached git libssl-devel libyaml-devel auto make yum -y groupinstall "Server Platform Development" "Development tools" yum -y groupinstall "Development tools"
2.2.2、下载安装
rm -rf /etc/my.cnf mkdir -p /opt/mysql cd /opt/mysql/ wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz tar -zxf mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz cd /usr/local/ ln -s /opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
2.2.3、创建所需要的目录
mkdir -p /data/mysql/mysql_8306/{data,logs,tmp}
2.2.4、更改权限
groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql -d /home/mysql -s /sbin/nologin
2.2.5、创建my.cnf
cat >/data/mysql/mysql_8306/my_8306.cnf <<EOF #my.cnf [client] port = 8306 socket = /data/mysql/mysql_8306/tmp/mysql_8306.sock [mysql] #prompt="\u@\h:\p \R:\m:\s [\d]>" #tee=/data/mysql/mysql_8306/data/query.log #prompt="\u@\h:\p \R:\m:\s [\d]>" prompt = "[\u@\h][\d]>\_" connect_timeout = 5 no-auto-rehash [mysqld] #misc user = mysql basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /data/mysql/mysql_8306/data port = 8306 socket = /data/mysql/mysql_8306/tmp/mysql_8306.sock #timeout interactive_timeout = 300 wait_timeout = 300 #character set character-set-server = utf8 open_files_limit = 65535 max_connections = 100 max_connect_errors = 100000 skip-name-resolve = 1 #logs log-output=file slow_query_log = 1 slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/mysql_8306/logs/slow.log log-error = /data/mysql/mysql_8306/logs/error.log log_error_verbosity = 3 pid-file = mysql.pid long_query_time = 1 #log-slow-admin-statements = 1 #log-queries-not-using-indexes = 1 log-slow-slave-statements = 1 #tmp tmpdir=/data/mysql/mysql_8306/tmp event_scheduler = 1 performance_schema = on max_allowed_packet = 32M character_set_server = utf8mb4 #character_set_server = utf8 default-time-zone = system default-storage-engine = InnoDB #bind_address = 172.16.151.248 explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = 1 #binlog binlog_format = row server-id = 1818306 log-bin = /data/mysql/mysql_8306/logs/mysql-bin log-bin-index = /data/mysql/mysql_8306/logs/mysql-bin.index binlog_cache_size = 4M max_binlog_size = 1G max_binlog_cache_size = 2G sync_binlog = 0 expire_logs_days = 90 #replicate-wild-ignore-table=mysql.% replicate-wild-ignore-table=test.% replicate-wild-ignore-table=information_schema.% #relay log skip_slave_start = 1 max_relay_log_size = 1G relay_log_purge = 1 relay_log_recovery = 1 log_slave_updates #slave-skip-errors=1032,1053,1062 explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=1 #buffers & cache table_open_cache = 2048 table_definition_cache = 2048 table_open_cache = 2048 max_heap_table_size = 96M sort_buffer_size = 2M join_buffer_size = 2M thread_cache_size = 256 query_cache_size = 0 query_cache_type = 0 query_cache_limit = 256K query_cache_min_res_unit = 512 thread_stack = 192K tmp_table_size = 96M key_buffer_size = 8M read_buffer_size = 2M read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 32M #myisam myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G myisam_repair_threads = 1 #innodb innodb_buffer_pool_size = 10G innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 1 innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1G:autoextend innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2 innodb_log_buffer_size = 64M innodb_log_file_size = 500M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 50 innodb_file_per_table = 1 innodb_rollback_on_timeout innodb_status_file = 1 innodb_io_capacity = 2000 transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT gtid_mode = ON enforce_gtid_consistency = ON master_info_repository = TABLE relay-log-info-repository = TABLE binlog_checksum = NONE log_slave_updates = ON # Two-Master configure #server-1 #auto-increment-offset = 1 #auto-increment-increment = 2 #server-2 auto-increment-offset = 2 auto-increment-increment = 2 # semi sync replication settings # plugin_dir = /usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin #官方版本的路径 #plugin_dir = /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql/plugin plugin_load = "rpl_semi_sync_master=semisync_master.so;rpl_semi_sync_slave=semisync_slave.so" #官方版本的路径 #plugin_load = "validate_password.so;rpl_semi_sync_master=semisync_master.so;rpl_semi_sync_slave=semisync_slave.so" loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = on loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout = 5000 loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_trace_level = 32 loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_no_slave = on loose_rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = on loose_rpl_semi_sync_slave_trace_level = 32 loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = 1 loose_rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = 1 loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout = 5000 loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_for_slave_count=1 loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_point=AFTER_SYNC slave_preserve_commit_order = 1 slave_transaction_retries = 128 log_timestamps = system show_compatibility_56 = on slave_parallel_workers = 16 slave_parallel_type = LOGICAL_CLOCK loose_innodb_numa_interleave = 1 innodb_buffer_pool_dump_pct = 40 innodb_page_cleaners = 16 innodb_undo_log_truncate = 1 innodb_max_undo_log_size = 2G innodb_purge_rseg_truncate_frequency = 128 #transaction_write_set_extraction = MURMUR32 # group replication ##log-bin = mysql ##server-id = 618306 ##gtid_mode = ON ##enforce_gtid_consistency = ON ##master_info_repository = TABLE ##relay-log-info-repository = TABLE ##binlog_checksum = NONE ##log_slave_updates = ON ##binlog_format = row ##transaction_write_set_extraction=XXHASH64 ##loose-group_replication_group_name = '3db33b36-0e51-409f-a61d-c99756e90154' ##loose-group_replication_start_on_boot = off ##loose-group_replication_local_address= "10.125.141.62:28306" # 不能超过5位数字 ##loose-group_replication_group_seeds= "10.125.141.62:28306,10.125.141.62:23307,10.125.141.62:23308" # 不能超过5位数字 ##loose-group_replication_bootstrap_group= off # loose-group_replication_single_primary_mode=FALSE ###本次搭建的是mutil_mode # loose-group_replication_enforce_update_everywhere_checks= TRUE [mysqld_safe] #malloc-lib=/usr/local/mysql/lib/jmalloc.so nice=-19 open-files-limit=65535 EOF
2.2.6、修改目录权限
chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql/
2.2.7、初始化
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql_8306/my_8306.cnf --initialize-insecure &
2.2.8、启动
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql_8306/my_8306.cnf & # 推荐的启动方式 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql_8306/my_8306.cnf &
2.2.9、登陆方式
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p -P8306 -S /data/mysql/mysql_8306/tmp/mysql_8306.sock
或者
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -P8306 -S /data/mysql/mysql_8306/tmp/mysql_8306.sock
2.2.10、创建授权修改密码
set sql_log_bin = 0; create user 'rpl_user'@'%'; grant replication slave on *.* to 'rpl_user'@'%' identified by 'rpl_user2017'; update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('root2017') where user='root'; flush privileges; set sql_log_bin = 1; reset master ; reset slave all;
2.2.11、change master
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.16.210.180',MASTER_USER='rpl_user', MASTER_PASSWORD='rpl_user2017',MASTER_PORT=8306, MASTER_CONNECT_RETRY=10,MASTER_AUTO_POSITION =1; start slave; show slave status\G;
2.2.12、设置快捷登陆方式
[root@my2 local]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config_editor set --host=localhost --login-path=8306_localhost_login \ > --user=root --port=8306 --password --socket=/data/mysql/mysql_8306/tmp/mysql_8306.sock Enter password: [root@my2 local]# # 查看 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config_editor print --all [root@my2 local]# alias mysql.8306.login='/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql_8306/my_8306.cnf --login-path=8306_localhost_login'
2.2.13、快捷关闭数据库
[root@my2 local]#alias mysql.8306.stop='/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin --login-path=8306_localhost_login shutdown'
2.2.14、加入备忘录
[root@my2 ~]# cat >>/root/.bashrc <<EOF alias mysql.8306.start='/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql_8306/my_8306.cnf &' alias mysql.8306.login='/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql_8306/my_8306.cnf --login-path=8306_localhost_login' alias mysql.8306.stop='/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin --login-path=8306_localhost_login shutdown' EOF [root@my2 ~]# source /root/.bash_profile
2.2.15、备份脚本
[root@my2 ~]# cat /root/all_database.sh #!/bin/bash /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump --login-path=8306_localhost_login -R -E --triggers -e --max_allowed_packet=16777216 --net_buffer_length=16384 --master-data=2 --single-transaction --all-databases --quick | gzip >/root/all_database_bak_`date +%Y-%m-%d_%H_%M_%S`.sql.gz [root@my2 ~]#
三、验证同步情况
3.1、在my1中操作
[root@my1 ~]# mysql.8306.login Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 6 Server version: 5.7.20-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. [root@localhost][(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) [root@localhost][(none)]> create database db1; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) [root@localhost][(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | db1 | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) [root@localhost][(none)]> [root@localhost][(none)]> show slave status\G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Master_Host: 172.16.210.181 Master_User: rpl_user Master_Port: 8306 Connect_Retry: 10 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 150 Relay_Log_File: my1-relay-bin.000003 Relay_Log_Pos: 4 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 150 Relay_Log_Space: 721 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 0 Master_UUID: d14b54b4-de49-11e7-96ea-8ae132e2dda2 Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: Executed_Gtid_Set: ce20a632-de49-11e7-9587-c2c763ed137c:1 Auto_Position: 1 Replicate_Rewrite_DB: Channel_Name: Master_TLS_Version: 1 row in set (0.00 sec) ERROR: No query specified [root@localhost][(none)]>
3.2、在my2中操作
[root@my2 local]# mysql.8306.login Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 32 Server version: 5.7.20-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. [root@localhost][(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | db1 | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) [root@localhost][(none)]> create database db2; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) [root@localhost][(none)]> show slave status\G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 172.16.210.180 Master_User: rpl_user Master_Port: 8306 Connect_Retry: 10 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 303 Relay_Log_File: my2-relay-bin.000003 Relay_Log_Pos: 508 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 303 Relay_Log_Space: 910 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 1808306 Master_UUID: ce20a632-de49-11e7-9587-c2c763ed137c Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: ce20a632-de49-11e7-9587-c2c763ed137c:1 Executed_Gtid_Set: ce20a632-de49-11e7-9587-c2c763ed137c:1, d14b54b4-de49-11e7-96ea-8ae132e2dda2:1 Auto_Position: 1 Replicate_Rewrite_DB: Channel_Name: Master_TLS_Version: 1 row in set (0.00 sec) ERROR: No query specified 同步正常
四、同步故障处理举例
# gtid故障处理 模拟在从库删除库，然后再在主库删除该库，报如下错误 Last_SQL_Error: Error 'Can't drop database 'db1'; database doesn't exist' on query. Default database: 'db1'. Query: 'drop database db1' Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 628306 Master_UUID: 11526eb0-fcbc-11e6-af7d-005056b937e2 Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 170227 15:44:06 Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 11526eb0-fcbc-11e6-af7d-005056b937e2:1-2 Executed_Gtid_Set: 11526eb0-fcbc-11e6-af7d-005056b937e2:1, 1760a7a5-fcbc-11e6-8f14-005056b90358:1 Auto_Position: 1 Replicate_Rewrite_DB: Channel_Name: Master_TLS_Version: 处理方法： stop slave; set gtid_next='11526eb0-fcbc-11e6-af7d-005056b937e2:2'; begin; commit; set gtid_next='automatic'; start slave; show slave status\G;
五、配置keeplived实现高可用
参考资料：
http://blog.51cto.com/lizhenliang/1362313
5.1、在my1中的操作
yum install -y pcre-devel openssl-devel popt-devel libnl-* libn*#安装依赖包 # 将keepalived配置成系统服务 wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.7.tar.gz tar zxvf keepalived-1.2.7.tar.gz cd keepalived-1.2.7 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived make && make install cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/ cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/ mkdir /etc/keepalived/ cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/ cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/ chmod +x /etc/init.d/keepalived # server1 cat >/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf <<EOF ! Configuration File forkeepalived global_defs { # notification_email { # test@sina.com # } # notification_email_from admin@test.com # smtp_server 127.0.0.1 # smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id MYSQL_HA18 #标识，双主相同 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state BACKUP #两台都设置BACKUP interface eth0 virtual_router_id 18 #主备相同 priority 100 #优先级，backup设置90 advert_int 1 nopreempt #不主动抢占资源，只在master这台优先级高的设置，backup不设置 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 172.16.210.183 } } virtual_server 172.16.210.183 8306 { delay_loop 2 #lb_algo rr #LVS算法，用不到，我们就关闭了 #lb_kind DR #LVS模式，如果不关闭，备用服务器不能通过VIP连接主MySQL persistence_timeout 50 #同一IP的连接60秒内被分配到同一台真实服务器 protocol TCP real_server 172.16.210.180 8306 { #检测本地mysql，backup也要写检测本地mysql weight 3 notify_down /usr/local/keepalived/mysql.sh #当mysq服down时，执行此脚本，杀死keepalived实现切换 TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 3 #连接超时 nb_get_retry 3 #重试次数 delay_before_retry 3 #重试间隔时间 } } EOF cat >/usr/local/keepalived/mysql.sh <<EOF #!/bin/bash pkill keepalived EOF chmod +x /usr/local/keepalived/mysql.sh chmod +x /etc/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/keepalived start
5.2、在my2中的操作
yum install -y pcre-devel openssl-devel popt-devel libnl-* libn*#安装依赖包 # 将keepalived配置成系统服务 wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.7.tar.gz tar zxvf keepalived-1.2.7.tar.gz cd keepalived-1.2.7 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived make && make install cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/ cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/ mkdir /etc/keepalived/ cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/ cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/ chmod +x /etc/init.d/keepalived # server2 cat >/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf <<EOF cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf ! Configuration File forkeepalived global_defs { # notification_email { # test@sina.com # } # notification_email_from admin@test.com # smtp_server 127.0.0.1 # smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id MYSQL_HA18 #标识，双主相同 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state BACKUP #两台都设置BACKUP interface eth0 virtual_router_id 18 #主备相同 priority 90 #优先级，backup设置90 advert_int 1 #nopreempt #不主动抢占资源，只在master这台优先级高的设置，backup不设置 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 172.16.210.183 } } virtual_server 172.16.210.183 8306 { delay_loop 2 #lb_algo rr #LVS算法，用不到，我们就关闭了 #lb_kind DR #LVS模式，如果不关闭，备用服务器不能通过VIP连接主MySQL persistence_timeout 50 #同一IP的连接60秒内被分配到同一台真实服务器 protocol TCP real_server 172.16.210.181 8306 { #检测本地mysql，backup也要写检测本地mysql weight 3 notify_down /usr/local/keepalived/mysql.sh #当mysq服down时，执行此脚本，杀死keepalived实现切换 TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 3 #连接超时 nb_get_retry 3 #重试次数 delay_before_retry 3 #重试间隔时间 } } EOF cat >/usr/local/keepalived/mysql.sh <<EOF #!/bin/bash pkill keepalived EOF chmod +x /usr/local/keepalived/mysql.sh chmod +x /etc/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/keepalived start
六、测试高可用性
6.1、启动my1的keeplive服务
[root@my1 ~]# /etc/init.d/keepalived start Starting keepalived: [ OK ] [root@my1 ~]# [root@my1 ~]# tail /var/log/messages Dec 12 15:12:46 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[13090]: IPVS: Service not defined Dec 12 15:12:46 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[13090]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector... Dec 12 15:12:46 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[13090]: Activating healthchecker for service [172.16.210.180]:8306 Dec 12 15:12:46 localhost kernel: IPVS: Scheduler module ip_vs_ not found Dec 12 15:12:50 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[13091]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE Dec 12 15:12:51 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[13091]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE Dec 12 15:12:51 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[13091]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs. Dec 12 15:12:51 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[13091]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 172.16.210.183 Dec 12 15:12:51 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[13090]: Netlink reflector reports IP 172.16.210.183 added Dec 12 15:12:56 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[13091]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 172.16.210.183 [root@my1 ~]#
6.2、启动my2的keeplived服务
[root@my2 ~]# /etc/init.d/keepalived start Starting keepalived: [ OK ] [root@my2 ~]# [root@my2 ~]# tail /var/log/messages Dec 12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[26719]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'. Dec 12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[26719]: Configuration is using : 10232 Bytes Dec 12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[26721]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector... Dec 12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[26721]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE Dec 12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[26721]: VRRP sockpool: [ifindex(2), proto(112), fd(10,11)] Dec 12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[26719]: IPVS: Scheduler not found Dec 12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[26719]: IPVS: Service not defined Dec 12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[26719]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector... Dec 12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[26719]: Activating healthchecker for service [172.16.210.181]:8306 Dec 12 15:15:02 localhost kernel: IPVS: Scheduler module ip_vs_ not found [root@my2 ~]#
6.3、关闭my1的mysql服务
[root@my1 ~]# ps -ef|grep mysql root 13119 10926 0 15:15 pts/0 00:00:00 grep mysql root 19296 1 0 Dec11 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql_8306/my_8306.cnf mysql 20709 19296 0 Dec11 ? 00:00:55 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql_8306/my_8306.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/mysql_8306/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql/mysql_8306/logs/error.log --open-files-limit=65535 --pid-file=mysql.pid --socket=/data/mysql/mysql_8306/tmp/mysql_8306.sock --port=8306 [root@my1 ~]# mysql.8306.stop [root@my1 ~]# ps -ef|grep mysql root 13138 10926 0 15:18 pts/0 00:00:00 grep mysql [root@my1 ~]# # 查看my1的日志 [root@my1 ~]# tail -20 /var/log/messages Dec 12 15:12:46 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[13090]: IPVS: Service not defined Dec 12 15:12:46 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[13090]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector... Dec 12 15:12:46 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[13090]: Activating healthchecker for service [172.16.210.180]:8306 Dec 12 15:12:46 localhost kernel: IPVS: Scheduler module ip_vs_ not found Dec 12 15:12:50 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[13091]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE Dec 12 15:12:51 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[13091]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE Dec 12 15:12:51 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[13091]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs. Dec 12 15:12:51 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[13091]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 172.16.210.183 Dec 12 15:12:51 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[13090]: Netlink reflector reports IP 172.16.210.183 added Dec 12 15:12:56 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[13091]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 172.16.210.183 Dec 12 15:18:34 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[13090]: TCP connection to [172.16.210.180]:8306 failed !!! Dec 12 15:18:34 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[13090]: Removing service [172.16.210.180]:8306 from VS [172.16.210.183]:8306 Dec 12 15:18:34 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[13090]: IPVS: Service not defined Dec 12 15:18:34 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[13090]: Executing [/usr/local/keepalived/mysql.sh] for service [172.16.210.180]:8306 in VS [172.16.210.183]:8306 Dec 12 15:18:34 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[13090]: Lost quorum 1-0=1 > 0 for VS [172.16.210.183]:8306 Dec 12 15:18:34 localhost Keepalived[13089]: Stopping Keepalived v1.2.7 (12/12,2017) Dec 12 15:18:34 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[13091]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) sending 0 priority Dec 12 15:18:34 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[13091]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol VIPs. Dec 12 15:18:34 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[13090]: Netlink reflector reports IP 172.16.210.183 removed Dec 12 15:18:34 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[13090]: IPVS: No such service [root@my1 ~]#
6.4、查看my2的日志及其vip情况
[root@my2 ~]# ip add 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 8a:e1:32:e2:dd:a2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 172.16.210.181/24 brd 172.16.210.255 scope global eth0 inet 172.16.210.183/32 scope global eth0 inet6 fe80::88e1:32ff:fee2:dda2/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN qlen 1000 link/ether f6:da:a4:00:84:cc brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff [root@my2 ~]# [root@my2 ~]# tail -30 /var/log/messages Dec 12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[26721]: No such interface, eth1 Dec 12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[26721]: Netlink reflector reports IP 172.16.210.181 added Dec 12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[26721]: Netlink reflector reports IP fe80::88e1:32ff:fee2:dda2 added Dec 12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[26721]: Registering Kernel netlink reflector Dec 12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[26721]: Registering Kernel netlink command channel Dec 12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[26721]: Registering gratuitous ARP shared channel Dec 12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[26719]: Interface queue is empty Dec 12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[26719]: No such interface, eth1 Dec 12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[26719]: Netlink reflector reports IP 172.16.210.181 added Dec 12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[26719]: Netlink reflector reports IP fe80::88e1:32ff:fee2:dda2 added Dec 12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[26719]: Registering Kernel netlink reflector Dec 12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[26719]: Registering Kernel netlink command channel Dec 12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[26721]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'. Dec 12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[26721]: Configuration is using : 61661 Bytes Dec 12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[26719]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'. Dec 12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[26719]: Configuration is using : 10232 Bytes Dec 12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[26721]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector... Dec 12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[26721]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE Dec 12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[26721]: VRRP sockpool: [ifindex(2), proto(112), fd(10,11)] Dec 12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[26719]: IPVS: Scheduler not found Dec 12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[26719]: IPVS: Service not defined Dec 12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[26719]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector... Dec 12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[26719]: Activating healthchecker for service [172.16.210.181]:8306 Dec 12 15:15:02 localhost kernel: IPVS: Scheduler module ip_vs_ not found Dec 12 15:18:34 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[26721]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE Dec 12 15:18:35 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[26721]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE Dec 12 15:18:35 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[26721]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs. Dec 12 15:18:35 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[26721]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 172.16.210.183 Dec 12 15:18:35 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[26719]: Netlink reflector reports IP 172.16.210.183 added Dec 12 15:18:40 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[26721]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 172.16.210.183 [root@my2 ~]# 表明已经切换完成。
七、系统参数优化配置
7.1、系统配置
#手工的执行如下的动作,使之立刻生效，以下是物理机中会有，根据实际可能需要修改: echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag echo deadline > /sys/block/sda/queue/scheduler echo "16" > /sys/block/sda/queue/read_ahead_kb echo "512" > /sys/block/sda/queue/nr_requests #减少预读：/sys/block/sda/queue/read_ahead_kb，默认128，调整为16 #增大队列：/sys/block/sda/queue/nr_requests，默认128，调整为512 echo "16" > /sys/block/sda/queue/read_ahead_kb echo "512" > /sys/block/sda/queue/nr_requests #如果是使用普通SAS盘的话,使用elevator=deadline #如果是使用SSD/FLASH卡的话,使用elevator=noop echo noop > /sys/block/sda/queue/scheduler echo deadline > /sys/block/sda/queue/scheduler #对于关闭透明大页的问题,也执行如下的操作:编辑 /etc/rc.local,添加如下内容 cat >> /etc/rc.local <<EOF #echo noop > /sys/block/sda/queue/scheduler echo deadline > /sys/block/sda/queue/scheduler echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag echo "16" > /sys/block/sda/queue/read_ahead_kb echo "512" > /sys/block/sda/queue/nr_requests if test -f /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled; then echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled fi if test -f /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag; then echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag fi EOF # 修改目录权限 chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql/
7.2、修改系统内核参数
cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf <<EOF fs.file-max=655360 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 kernel.sem = 5050 646400 5050 128 kernel.shmmax = 137438953472 kernel.shmall = 4294967296 kernel.shmmni = 4096 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000 net.core.wmem_default = 8388608 net.core.rmem_default = 8388608 net.core.rmem_max = 16777216 net.core.wmem_max = 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65536 16777216 net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 10 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 32768 net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0 vm.swappiness=1 EOF sysctl -p echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
附录：新安装的虚拟机修改信息
1、修改主机名
yum -y install vim telnet unzip zip lrzsz hostname dev_test sed -i 's/HOSTNAME=localhost.localdomain/HOSTNAME=dev_test/g' /etc/sysconfig/network sed -n '/HOSTNAME/p' /etc/sysconfig/network
2、关闭selinux
sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config setenforce 0
3、关闭防火墙
/etc/init.d/iptables stop cat >>/etc/rc.local <<EOF /etc/init.d/iptables stop EOF
4、修改网卡ip信息
cat >/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 <<EOF TYPE=Ethernet BOOTPROTO=static NAME=eth0 DEVICE=eth0 ONBOOT=yes IPADDR=172.16.210.111 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 GATEWAY=172.16.210.250 EOF
5、重启网卡服务
/etc/init.d/network restart
6、修改dns
cat >/etc/resolv.conf <<EOF nameserver 172.16.110.11 nameserver 8.8.8.8 EOF
7、系统初始化配置
7.1、关闭SELINUX
#修改配置文件,重启服务后永久生效。 sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config #命令行设置立即生效 setenforce 0
7.2、防火墙设置
cat >>/etc/rc.local <<EOF /etc/init.d/iptables stop EOF cp /etc/sysconfig/iptables /root/iptables.bak cat >/etc/sysconfig/iptables <<EOF # Firewall configuration written by system-config-firewall # Manual customization of this file is not recommended. *filter :INPUT DROP [0:0] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited -A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited COMMIT EOF /etc/init.d/iptables restart
7.3、安装基础依赖包
# yum -y install gcc-c++ gd libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel net-snmp-devel wget telnet vim zip unzip # yum -y install curl-devel libxslt-devel pcre-devel libjpeg libpng libxml2 libcurl4-openssl-dev # yum -y install libcurl-devel libcurl freetype-config freetype freetype-devel unixODBC libxslt yum clean all yum -y update yum -y install gcc-c++ gd libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel net-snmp-devel wget telnet vim zip unzip yum -y install curl-devel libxslt-devel pcre-devel libjpeg libpng libcurl4-openssl-dev yum -y install libcurl-devel libcurl freetype-config freetype freetype-devel unixODBC libxslt yum -y install gcc automake autoconf libtool openssl-devel yum -y install perl-devel perl-ExtUtils-Embed yum -y install cmake ncurses-devel.x86_64 openldap-devel.x86_64 lrzsz openssh-clients gcc-g77 bison yum -y install libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel mhash mhash-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel yum -y install ntpdate rsync svn patch iptables iptables-services yum -y install libevent libevent-devel cyrus-sasl cyrus-sasl-devel yum -y install gd-devel libmemcached-devel memcached git libssl-devel libyaml-devel auto make yum -y groupinstall "Server Platform Development" "Development tools" yum -y groupinstall "Development tools" yum -y install gcc.x86_64 libxml2.x86_64 libxml2-devel.x86_64 openssl.x86_64 openssl-devel.x86_64 libcurl.x86_64 libcurl-devel.x86_64 yum -y install gd.x86_64 gd-devel.x86_64 gcc-c++.x86_64 readline.x86_64 readline-devel.x86_64
7.4、时间同步
cat >/root/ntp.sh <<EOF #!/bin/bash # ntp.sh #NTP服务器数组列表 ntpServer=(
[0]=1.cn.pool.ntp.org
[1]=0.cn.pool.ntp.org
[2]=2.cn.pool.ntp.org
[3]=3.cn.pool.ntp.org
) #校验# serverNum=`echo \${#ntpServer[*]}` NUM=0 for ((i=0; i<=\$serverNum; i++)); do echo -n "正在和NTP服务器:\${ntpServer[\$NUM]}校验中..." /usr/sbin/ntpdate \${ntpServer[\$NUM]} >> /dev/null 2>&1 if [ \$? -eq 0 ]; then echo -e "\e[1;32m\t[成功]\e[0m" echo -e "\e[1;32m同步成功,退出......\e[0m" break else echo -e "\e[1;31m\t[失败]\e[0m" echo -e "\e[1;31m继续同步下一个!!!!!\e[0m" let NUM++ fi sleep 2 done EOF chmod +x /root/ntp.sh sh /root/ntp.sh cat >>/etc/crontab <<EOF 01 * * * * /root/ntp.sh #0 0 */5 * * /bin/bash /root/cutlog.sh EOF
