本篇开始讲如何从Android中得到本机联系人的信息。
由于Android较快的版本升级,部分API已经发生了变化。本篇探究的通过ContentProvider机制获取联系人的API从Android2.0开始做了很大调整,原来的android.provider.Contacts类及其下相关类由android.provider.ContactsContract代替。原类体系标记为Deprecated(废弃),因为兼容的原因目前还存在,但不保证以后的更新版本中完全丢弃。
所以本文先从Android2.1以上平台的联系人读取开始说起,下面给出代码在Android2.1/2.2中运行的效果图,
首先,创建类ViewContacts继承ListActivity,并设为为应用的开始Activity。
ViewContacts.java 代码:
- package jtapp.contacts;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.HashMap;
- import java.util.List;
- import android.app.ListActivity;
- import android.database.Cursor;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.provider.ContactsContract;
- import android.widget.SimpleAdapter;
- public class ViewContacts extends ListActivity {
- /** Called when the activity is first created. */
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.main);
- List<HashMap<String, String>> items = fillMaps();
- SimpleAdapter adapter = new SimpleAdapter(
- this,items,R.layout.list_item,
- new String[]{"name","key"},
- new int[]{R.id.item,R.id.item2});
- this.setListAdapter(adapter);
- }
- private List<HashMap<String, String>> fillMaps() {
- List<HashMap<String, String>> items = new ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>>();
- Cursor cur = null;
- try {
- // Query using ContentResolver.query or Activity.managedQuery
- cur = getContentResolver().query(
- ContactsContract.Contacts.CONTENT_URI, null, null, null, null);
- if (cur.moveToFirst()) {
- int idColumn = cur.getColumnIndex(
- ContactsContract.Contacts._ID);
- int displayNameColumn = cur.getColumnIndex(
- ContactsContract.Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME);
- // Iterate all users
- do {
- String contactId;
- String displayName;
- String phoneNumber = "";
- // Get the field values
- contactId = cur.getString(idColumn);
- displayName = cur.getString(displayNameColumn);
- // Get number of user's phoneNumbers
- int numberCount = cur.getInt(cur.getColumnIndex(
- ContactsContract.Contacts.HAS_PHONE_NUMBER));
- if (numberCount>0) {
- Cursor phones = getContentResolver().query(
- ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTENT_URI,
- null,
- ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTACT_ID
- + " = " + contactId
- /*+ " and " + ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.TYPE
- + "=" + ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.TYPE_MOBILE*/,
- null, null);
- if (phones.moveToFirst()) {
- int numberColumn = phones.getColumnIndex(
- ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.NUMBER);
- // Iterate all numbers
- do {
- phoneNumber += phones.getString(numberColumn) + ",";
- } while (phones.moveToNext());
- }
- }
- // Add values to items
- HashMap<String, String> i = new HashMap<String, String>();
- i.put("name", displayName);
- i.put("key", phoneNumber);
- items.add(i);
- } while (cur.moveToNext());
- } else {
- HashMap<String, String> i = new HashMap<String, String>();
- i.put("name", "Your Phone");
- i.put("key", "Have No Contacts.");
- items.add(i);
- }
- } finally {
- if (cur != null)
- cur.close();
- }
- return items;
- }
- }
main.xml 代码:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:orientation="vertical"
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="fill_parent"
- >
- <TextView
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:text="show your phone's contacts:"
- />
- <ListView android:id="@id/android:list"
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="0dip"
- android:layout_weight="1"
- android:drawSelectorOnTop="false"
- />
- </LinearLayout>
list_item.xml 代码:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:orientation="vertical"
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="fill_parent"
- >
- <TableRow android:id="@+id/TableRow01"
- android:layout_width="wrap_content"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content">
- <TextView android:id="@+id/item"
- xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:layout_width="wrap_content"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:textSize="20px" />
- <TextView android:text=": "
- xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:layout_width="wrap_content"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:textSize="20px" />
- <TextView android:id="@+id/item2"
- xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:layout_width="wrap_content"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:textSize="20px" />
- </TableRow>
- </LinearLayout>
AndroidManifest.xml 增加uses权限READ_CONTACTS 代码:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- package="jtapp.contacts" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0">
- <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">
- <activity android:name=".ViewContacts" android:label="@string/app_name">
- <intent-filter>
- <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
- <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
- </intent-filter>
- </activity>
- </application>
- <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS"></uses-permission>
- </manifest>
以上文件编写好后,应用就能够在Android2.1模拟器上正确运行了。
那么该app如果在android1.6上运行,会怎么样呢?1.6上并没有ContactsContract类体系,所以就会报错了。需要注意,ContactContract类是在API Level 5增加的,之前的Android版本并不支持。
在Android 1.6 (API Level 4)上,获取联系人的方法将fillMaps()实现为如下:
- private List<HashMap<String, String>> fillMaps() {
- List<HashMap<String, String>> items = new ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>>();
- Cursor cur = null;
- try {
- // Form an array specifying which columns to return.
- String[] projection = new String[] {
- People._ID,
- People.NAME,
- People.NUMBER
- };
- // query using ContentResolver.query or Activity.managedQuery
- cur = getContentResolver().query(
- People.CONTENT_URI,projection, null,null, null);
- if (cur.moveToFirst()) {
- String name;
- String phoneNumber;
- int nameColumn = cur.getColumnIndex(People.NAME);
- int phoneColumn = cur.getColumnIndex(People.NUMBER);
- do {
- // Get the field values
- name = cur.getString(nameColumn);
- phoneNumber = cur.getString(phoneColumn);
- // Do something with the values.
- HashMap<String, String> i = new HashMap<String, String>();
- i.put("name", name);
- i.put("key", phoneNumber);
- items.add(i);
- } while (cur.moveToNext());
- } else {
- HashMap<String, String> i = new HashMap<String, String>();
- i.put("name", "Your Phone");
- i.put("key", "Have No Contacts.");
- items.add(i);
- }
- } finally {
- if (cur != null)
- cur.close();
- }
- return items;
- }
那么就能在1.6上运行了,效果截图如下:
联系人API,在Android2.0后产生变化,如果使用如上1.6版本的调用,你会发现在2.1下姓名有了,但电话号码不显示了。仔细观察可以发现,People.CONTENT_URI等调用在2.0以上的sdk中都标记了Deprecated。这一点,对于编写希望能够同时兼容1.6与2.x版本的应用造成了困难。那么,如果应用涉及到联系人的读取,非得要编写多个版本的apk了吗? 其实,我们可以使用判断当前系统API Level的方法编写两套代码备用,这个就留给大家去实践了。
获得系统API level方法:
- int version = android.provider.Settings.System.getInt(context
- .getContentResolver(),
- android.provider.Settings.System.SYS_PROP_SETTING_VERSION,
- 3);