026-Chapter-9-The-Rate-of-Surplus-Value-Section-4-Surplus-Produce

Section 4: Surplus-Produce

第4节：剩余产品

The portion of the product that represents the surplus-value, (one tenth of the
20 lbs., or 2 lbs. of yarn, in the example given in Sec. 2) we call
“surplus-produce.” Just as the rate of surplus-value is determined by its
relation, not to the sum total of the capital, but to its variable part; in like
manner, the relative quantity of surplus-produce is determined by the ratio that
this produce bears, not to the remaining part of the total product, but to that
part of it in which is incorporated the necessary labour. Since the production
of surplus-value is the chief end and aim of capitalist production, it is clear,
that the greatness of a man’s or a nation’s wealth should be measured, not by
the absolute quantity produced, but by the relative magnitude of the
surplus-produce.13

我们把代表剩余价值的那部分产品，称为“剩余产品”。剩余价值率=剩余价值/可变资本，而不是剩余价值率=剩余价值/总资本。类似的，剩余产品率=剩余产品/必要劳动产品，而不是剩余产品率=剩余产品/总产品。剩余价值的生产是资本主义生产的首要目标。一个人或一个国家的富裕程度，应由剩余产品的相对量衡量，而不应由剩余产品的绝对量衡量。

The sum of the necessary labour and the surplus labour, i.e., of the periods of
time during which the workman replaces the value of his labour-power, and
produces the surplus-value, this sum constitutes the actual time during which he
works, i.e., the working day.

必要劳动+剩余劳动=工人补偿他的劳动力Value的时间+生产剩余价值的时间，这些构成了他工作的全部时间，也就是工作日。