排序算法总结

排序

参考资料:经典排序算法总结与实现

1.快速排序

def quick_sort(ary):
    return qsort(ary,0,len(ary)-1)

def qsort(ary,left,right):
    #快排函数，ary为待排序数组，left为待排序的左边界，right为右边界
    if left >= right : return ary
    key = ary[left]     #取最左边的为基准数
    lp = left           #左指针
    rp = right          #右指针
    while lp < rp :
        while ary[rp] >= key and lp < rp :
            rp -= 1
        while ary[lp] <= key and lp < rp :
            lp += 1
        ary[lp],ary[rp] = ary[rp],ary[lp]
    ary[left],ary[lp] = ary[lp],ary[left]
    qsort(ary,left,lp-1)
    qsort(ary,rp+1,right)
    return ary

2.归并排序

def merge_sort(ary):
    if len(ary) <= 1 : return ary
    num = int(len(ary)/2)       #二分分解
    left = merge_sort(ary[:num])
    right = merge_sort(ary[num:])
    return merge(left,right)    #合并数组

def merge(left,right):
    '''合并操作，
    将两个有序数组left[]和right[]合并成一个大的有序数组'''
    l,r = 0,0           #left与right数组的下标指针
    result = []
    while l<len(left) and r<len(right) :
        if left[l] < right[r]:
            result.append(left[l])
            l += 1
        else:
            result.append(right[r])
            r += 1
    result += left[l:]
    result += right[r:]
    return result

3.堆排序

def heap_sort(ary) :
    n = len(ary)
    first = int(n/2-1)       #最后一个非叶子节点
    for start in range(first,-1,-1) :     #构造大根堆
        max_heapify(ary,start,n-1)
    for end in range(n-1,0,-1):           #堆排，将大根堆转换成有序数组
        ary[end],ary[0] = ary[0],ary[end]
        max_heapify(ary,0,end-1)
    return ary


#最大堆调整：将堆的末端子节点作调整，使得子节点永远小于父节点
#start为当前需要调整最大堆的位置，end为调整边界
def max_heapify(ary,start,end):
    root = start
    while True :
        child = root*2 +1               #调整节点的子节点
        if child > end : break
        if child+1 <= end and ary[child] < ary[child+1] :
            child = child+1             #取较大的子节点
        if ary[root] < ary[child] :     #较大的子节点成为父节点
            ary[root],ary[child] = ary[child],ary[root]     #交换
            root = child
        else :
            break

排序总结：