总结-一本通提高篇&算竞进阶记录

当一个人看见星空，就再无法忍受黑暗
为了点亮渐渐沉寂的星空
不想就这样退役

一定不会鸽の坑
. 一本通提高篇
. 算竞进阶
. CDQ & 整体二分
. 平衡树
. LCT
. 字符串
. 随机化算法
. 图论
. 双向BFS
. 组合数学
. 同余

UNFINISHED LIST

提高

道路和航线
汽车加油行驶问题
皇宫看守
旅游规划
凸多边形的划分
跳跳棋
叶子的颜色
骑士
旅行问题
股票交易

算竞

Picnic Planning
天天爱跑步
疫情控制
岛屿
Freda的传呼机
PKU ACM Team's Excursions

图论

Sightseeing Trip

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
 
#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;
//char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
//#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)

#endif

using namespace std;
struct ios{
    template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
        x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
        for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
        while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
        x *= f;
        return *this;
    }
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
    return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
    return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP abs(ATP &a){
    return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}

const int N = 107;


#define FALSE_RESULT printf("No solution.")

int g[N][N], path[N][N], ans[N], top, dis[N][N];
inline void GetPath(int x, int y){
	if(!path[x][y]) return;
	GetPath(x, path[x][y]);
	ans[++top] = path[x][y];
	GetPath(path[x][y], y);
}
int main(){
//FileOpen();
	int n, m;
	io >> n >> m;
	R(i,1,n){
		R(j,1,n){
			if(i != j)
				g[i][j] = dis[i][j] = 0x3f3f3f3f;
		}
	}
	R(i,1,m){
		int u, v, w;
		io >> u >> v >> w;
		if(w < g[u][v]){
			g[u][v] = g[v][u] = dis[u][v] = dis[v][u] = w;
		}
	}
	long long minLen = 9223372036854775807;
	R(k,1,n){
		R(i,1,k - 1){
			R(j,i + 1,k - 1){
				if(minLen > (long long)dis[i][j] + g[j][k] + g[k][i]){
					minLen = (long long)dis[i][j] + g[j][k] + g[k][i];
					top = 1;
					ans[top] = i;
					GetPath(i ,j);
					ans[++top] = j;
					ans[++top] = k;
				}
			}
		}
		
		R(i,1,n){
			R(j,1,n){
				if(dis[i][j] > dis[i][k] + dis[k][j]){
					dis[i][j] = dis[i][k] + dis[k][j];
					path[i][j] = k;
				}
			} 
		}
	}
	
	if(minLen >= 0x3f3f3f3f){
		FALSE_RESULT;
	}
	else{
		R(i,1,top){
			printf("%d ", ans[i]);
		}
	}
	//D_e(minLen);
	
	return 0;
}

孤岛营救问题

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
 
#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;
//char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
//#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)

#endif

using namespace std;
struct ios{
    template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
        x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
        for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
        while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
        x *= f;
        return *this;
    }
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
    return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
    return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP abs(ATP &a){
    return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}
#include <queue>
const int N = 13;

struct node{
	int x, y, step, s;
};
queue<node> q;
int n, m, P, K, S;
int mp[N][N][N][N], key[N][N][N], tot[N][N];
bool vis[N][N][1073];

int dx[] = {1, -1, 0, 0}, dy[] = {0, 0, 1, -1};
inline int BFS(){
	int s0 = 0;
	R(i,1,tot[1][1]) s0 |= 1 << (key[1][1][i] - 1);
	vis[1][1][s0] = 1;
	q.push((node){ 1, 1, 0, s0});
	while(!q.empty()){
		int x = q.front().x, y = q.front().y, s0 = q.front().s, step = q.front().step;
		q.pop();
		R(k,0,3){
			int s = s0, fx = x + dx[k], fy = y + dy[k];
			if(fx < 1 || fx > n || fy < 1 || fy > m) continue;
			if(mp[x][y][fx][fy] == -1) continue;
			if(mp[x][y][fx][fy] != 0)
				if(!(s & (1 << (mp[x][y][fx][fy] - 1)))) continue; 
			if(fx == n && fy == m) return step + 1; // I don' t know why, but if I add 2, the answer is right 
			R(i,1,tot[fx][fy]){
				s |= (1 << (key[fx][fy][i] - 1));
			}
			if(vis[fx][fy][s]) continue;
			vis[fx][fy][s] = 1;
			q.push((node){ fx, fy, step + 1, s});
		}
	}
	return -1;
}
int main(){
//FileOpen();
	io >> n >> m >> P >> K;
	R(i,1,K){
		int X1, X2, Y1, Y2, col;
		io >> X1 >> Y1 >> X2 >> Y2 >> col;
		mp[X1][Y1][X2][Y2] = mp[X2][Y2][X1][Y1] = (col == 0 ? -1 : col);
	}
	io >> S;
	R(i,1,S){
		int X, Y, col;
		io >> X >> Y >> col;
		key[X][Y][++tot[X][Y]] = col;
	}
	
	printf("%d", BFS());
	
	return 0;
}

架设电话线

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
 
#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;
//char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
//#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)

#endif

using namespace std;
struct ios{
    template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
        x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
        for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
        while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
        x *= f;
        return *this;
    }
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
    return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
    return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP abs(ATP &a){
    return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}

const int N = 2007;

int n, m, K;
struct Edge{
	int nxt, pre, w;
}e[N << 1];
int head[N], cntEdge;
inline void add(int u, int v, int w){
	e[++cntEdge] = (Edge){ head[u], v, w}, head[u] = cntEdge;
}

#include <queue>
struct nod{
	int x, w;
	bool operator < (const nod &com) const{
		return w < com.w;
	}
};
priority_queue<nod> q;
int dis[N];

inline bool Check(int maxDis){
	R(i,1,n) dis[i] = 0x3f3f3f3f;
	dis[1] = 0;
	q.push((nod){ 1, dis[1]});
	while(!q.empty()){
		int u = q.top().x, w = q.top().w;
		q.pop();
		if(w != dis[u]) continue;
		for(register int i = head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt){
			int v = e[i].pre, val = (e[i].w > maxDis);
			if(dis[v] > dis[u] + val){
				dis[v] = dis[u] + val;
				q.push((nod){ v, dis[v]});
			}
		}
	}
	
	return dis[n] <= K;
}

int main(){
//FileOpen();
	io >> n >> m >> K;
	int maxx = 0;
	R(i,1,m){
		int u, v, w;
		io >> u >> v >> w;
		add(u, v, w);
		add(v, u, w);
		maxx = max(maxx, w);
	}
	
	int l = 0, r = maxx, ans = -1;
	while(l <= r){
		int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
		if(Check(mid)){
			r = mid - 1;
			ans = mid;
		}
		else{
			l = mid + 1;
		}
	}
	
	printf("%d", ans == -1 ? -1 : ans);
	
	return 0;
} 

最优贸易

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
 
#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;
//char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
//#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)

#endif

using namespace std;
struct ios{
    template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
        x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
        for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
        while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
        x *= f;
        return *this;
    }
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
    return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
    return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP abs(ATP &a){
    return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}

const int N = 100007;
const int M = 500007;

int n, m;

struct Edge{
	int nxt, pre;
}e[M << 1], e2[M << 1];
int head[N], cntEdge;
int head2[N], cntEdge2;
inline void add(int u, int v){
	e[++cntEdge] = (Edge) { head[u], v}, head[u] = cntEdge;
}
inline void add2(int u, int v){
	e2[++cntEdge2] = (Edge) { head2[u], v}, head2[u] = cntEdge2;
}

int dis1[N], dis2[N], vis[N];
int q[N], top;
int val[N];
inline void SPFA(){
	R(i,1,n) dis1[i] = 0x3f3f3f3f;
	vis[1] = true;
	q[++top] = 1;
	while(top){
		int u = q[top--];
		vis[u] = false;
		for(register int i = head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt){
			int v = e[i].pre;
			if(dis1[v] > min(dis1[u], val[v])){
				dis1[v] = min(dis1[u], val[v]);
				if(!vis[v]){
					vis[v] = true;
					q[++top] = v;
				}
			}
		}
	}
}
inline void SPFA_2(){
	R(i,1,n) dis2[i] = -0x3f3f3f3f;
	R(i,1,n) vis[i] = false;
	dis2[n] = 0;
	vis[n] = true;
	q[++top] = n;
	while(top){
		int u = q[top--];
		vis[u] = false;
		for(register int i = head2[u]; i; i = e2[i].nxt){
			int v = e2[i].pre;
			if(dis2[v] < max(dis2[u], val[v])){
				dis2[v] = max(dis2[u], val[v]);
				if(!vis[v]){
					vis[v] = true;
					q[++top] = v;
				}
			}
		}
	}
}
int main(){
	io >> n >> m;
	R(i,1,n){
		io >> val[i];
	}
	R(i,1,m){
		int u, v, type;
		io >> u >> v >> type;
		if(type == 1){
			add(u, v);
			add2(v, u); 
		}
		else{
			add(u, v);
			add(v, u);
			add2(u, v);
			add2(v, u);
		}
	}
	
	SPFA();
	SPFA_2();

	int ans = 0;
	R(i,1,n){
		ans = max(ans, dis2[i] - dis1[i]);
	}
	
	printf("%d", ans);
	return 0;
}

[USACO11JAN]道路和飞机Roads and Planes

以前一直以为Dij不能处理负边，其实只是不能用于负权环

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
 
#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;
//char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
//#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)

#endif

using namespace std;
struct ios{
    template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
        x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
        for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
        while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
        x *= f;
        return *this;
    }
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
    return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
    return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP abs(ATP &a){
    return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}
#include<queue>

template <typename T> inline void read(T &x){
    char c=getchar(); x=0; bool f=1;
    while(!isdigit(c)) f= !f||c=='-' ? 0:1,c=getchar();
    while(isdigit(c)) x=(x<<3)+(x<<1)+(c^48),c=getchar();
    x= f? x:-x;
}

const int N = 25007;
const int M = 150007;

int n, m1, m2, st;
struct Edge{
	int nxt, pre, from, w;
}e[M];
int head[N], cntEdge;
inline void add(int u, int v, int w){
	e[++cntEdge] = (Edge){ head[u], v, u, w}, head[u] = cntEdge;
}
int dfn[N], low[N], dfnIndex, scc[N], sccIndex;
int sta[N], top;
inline void Tarjan(int u){
	dfn[u] = low[u] = ++dfnIndex;
	sta[++top] = u;
	for(register int i = head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt){
		int v = e[i].pre;
		if(!dfn[v]){
			Tarjan(v);
			low[u] = min(low[u], low[v]);
		}
		else if(!scc[v]){
			low[u] = min(low[u], dfn[v]);
		}
	}
	if(low[u] == dfn[u]){
		++sccIndex;
		do{
			scc[sta[top]] = sccIndex;
		}while(sta[top--] != u);
	}
}

struct nod{
	int x, w;
	bool operator < (const nod &com) const{
		if(scc[x] != scc[com.x]) return scc[x] < scc[com.x];
		return w > com.w;
	}
};
int dis[N];
priority_queue<nod> q;
inline void Dijkstra(){
	R(i,1,n) dis[i] = 0x3f3f3f3f;
	dis[st] = 0;
	q.push((nod){ st, dis[st]});
	while(!q.empty()){
		int u = q.top().x, w = q.top().w;
		q.pop();
		if(w != dis[u]) continue;
		for(register int i = head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt){
			int v = e[i].pre;
			if(dis[v] > dis[u] + e[i].w){
				dis[v] = dis[u] + e[i].w;
				q.push((nod){ v, dis[v]});
			}
		}
	}
}

int main(){
//FileOpen();
//FileSave();
	io >> n >> m1 >> m2 >> st;
    R(i,1,m1){
    	int u, v, w;
    	io >> u >> v >> w;
    	add(u, v, w);
    	add(v, u, w);
	}
	R(i,1,m2){
		int u, v, w;
		io >> u >> v >> w;
		add(u, v, w);
	}
	R(i,1,n){
		if(!dfn[i])
			Tarjan(i);
	}
    Dijkstra();
    R(i,1,n){
    	if(dis[i] == 0x3f3f3f3f)
    		printf("NO PATH\n");
		else
			printf("%d\n", dis[i]);
    }
	return 0;
}

拓扑排序判正环

Sorting It All Out

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
 
#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;
//char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
//#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)

#endif

using namespace std;
struct ios{
    template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
        x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
        for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
        while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
        x *= f;
        return *this;
    }
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
    return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
    return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP abs(ATP &a){
    return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}
#include<queue>

template <typename T> inline void read(T &x){
    char c=getchar(); x=0; bool f=1;
    while(!isdigit(c)) f= !f||c=='-' ? 0:1,c=getchar();
    while(isdigit(c)) x=(x<<3)+(x<<1)+(c^48),c=getchar();
    x= f? x:-x;
}

const int N = 25007;
const int M = 150007;

int n, m1, m2, st;
struct Edge{
	int nxt, pre, from, w;
}e[M];
int head[N], cntEdge;
inline void add(int u, int v, int w){
	e[++cntEdge] = (Edge){ head[u], v, u, w}, head[u] = cntEdge;
}
int dfn[N], low[N], dfnIndex, scc[N], sccIndex;
int sta[N], top;
inline void Tarjan(int u){
	dfn[u] = low[u] = ++dfnIndex;
	sta[++top] = u;
	for(register int i = head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt){
		int v = e[i].pre;
		if(!dfn[v]){
			Tarjan(v);
			low[u] = min(low[u], low[v]);
		}
		else if(!scc[v]){
			low[u] = min(low[u], dfn[v]);
		}
	}
	if(low[u] == dfn[u]){
		++sccIndex;
		do{
			scc[sta[top]] = sccIndex;
		}while(sta[top--] != u);
	}
}

struct nod{
	int x, w;
	bool operator < (const nod &com) const{
		if(scc[x] != scc[com.x]) return scc[x] < scc[com.x];
		return w > com.w;
	}
};
int dis[N];
priority_queue<nod> q;
inline void Dijkstra(){
	R(i,1,n) dis[i] = 0x3f3f3f3f;
	dis[st] = 0;
	q.push((nod){ st, dis[st]});
	while(!q.empty()){
		int u = q.top().x, w = q.top().w;
		q.pop();
		if(w != dis[u]) continue;
		for(register int i = head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt){
			int v = e[i].pre;
			if(dis[v] > dis[u] + e[i].w){
				dis[v] = dis[u] + e[i].w;
				q.push((nod){ v, dis[v]});
			}
		}
	}
}

int main(){
//FileOpen();
//FileSave();
	io >> n >> m1 >> m2 >> st;
    R(i,1,m1){
    	int u, v, w;
    	io >> u >> v >> w;
    	add(u, v, w);
    	add(v, u, w);
	}
	R(i,1,m2){
		int u, v, w;
		io >> u >> v >> w;
		add(u, v, w);
	}
	R(i,1,n){
		if(!dfn[i])
			Tarjan(i);
	}
    Dijkstra();
    R(i,1,n){
    	if(dis[i] == 0x3f3f3f3f)
    		printf("NO PATH\n");
		else
			printf("%d\n", dis[i]);
    }
	return 0;
}

[APIO2010]巡逻

分情况讨论。
在K为2时将直径赋-1
直径有一种省空间写法

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
 
#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;
//char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
//#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)

#endif

using namespace std;
struct ios{
    template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
        x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
        for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
        while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
        x *= f;
        return *this;
    }
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
    return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
    return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP abs(ATP &a){
    return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}

const int N = 100007;

int n;
struct Edge{
	int nxt, pre, w;
}e[N << 1];
int head[N], cntEdge;
inline void add(int u, int v, int w) {
	e[++cntEdge] = (Edge){ head[u], v, w}, head[u] = cntEdge;
}

int s1[N], s2[N]; // the two ends of the Dir
int maxPos, maxDis;
inline int DFS(int u, int father){
	int mx1 = 0, mx2 = 0;
	for(register int i = head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt){
		int v = e[i].pre;
		if(v == father) continue;
		int val = e[i].w + DFS(v, u);
		if(val > mx1){
			mx2 = mx1, mx1 = val;
			s2[u] = s1[u], s1[u] = i;
		}
		else if(val > mx2){
			mx2 = val;
			s2[u] = i;
		}
	}
	if(mx1 + mx2 > maxDis){
		maxDis = mx1 + mx2;
		maxPos = u;
	}
	return mx1;
} 

int main(){
	int K;
	io >> n >> K;
	R(i,2,n){
		int u, v;
		io >> u >> v;
		add(u, v, 1);
		add(v, u, 1);
	}
	DFS(1, 0);
//	D_e(maxPos);
//		for(register int i = s1[maxPos]; i; i = s1[e[i].pre]) D_e(e[i].pre);
//		D_e_Line;
//		for(register int i = s2[maxPos]; i; i = s1[e[i].pre]) D_e(e[i].pre);
//	D_e_Line;
	if(K == 1){
		printf("%d", (n << 1) - maxDis - 1);
		return 0;
	}
	else{
		int D1 = maxDis;
		maxDis = 0;
		for(register int i = s1[maxPos]; i; i = s1[e[i].pre]) e[i].w = e[i + 1].w = -1;
		for(register int i = s2[maxPos]; i; i = s1[e[i].pre]) e[i].w = e[i + 1].w = -1;
		DFS(1, 0);
		printf("%d", (n << 1) - maxDis - D1);
	}
	
	return 0;
} 
/*
8 1 
1 2 
3 1 
3 4 
5 3 
7 5 
8 5 
5 6 
*/
/*
8 1
1 2
1 3
3 7
3 6
2 5
2 4
4 8
*/
/*
6 1
1 2
2 3
3 4
3 6
1 5
*/

雨天的尾巴

线段树合并，开60倍空间

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
 
#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;
//char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
//#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)

#endif

using namespace std;
struct ios{
    template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
        x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
        for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
        while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
        x *= f;
        return *this;
    }
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
    return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
    return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP abs(ATP &a){
    return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}

const int N = 100007;

int n, m;
struct Edge{
	int nxt, pre;
}e[N << 1];
int head[N], cntEdge;
inline void add(int u, int v){
	e[++cntEdge] = (Edge) { head[u], v}, head[u] = cntEdge;
}

int dfn[N], dfnIndex, top[N], siz[N], dep[N], fa[N], son[N];
inline void DFS_First(int u, int father){
	fa[u] = father, siz[u] = 1, dep[u] = dep[father] + 1;
	for(register int i =  head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt){
		int v = e[i].pre;
		if(v == father) continue;
		DFS_First(v, u);
		siz[u] += siz[v];
		if(siz[v] > siz[son[u]]) son[u] = v;
	}
}
inline void DFS_Second(int u, int TP){
	top[u] = TP, dfn[u] = ++dfnIndex;
	if(!son[u]) return;
	DFS_Second(son[u], TP);
	for(register int i = head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt){
		int v = e[i].pre;
		if(v != son[u] && v != fa[u])
			DFS_Second(v, v);
	}
}
inline int LCA(int x, int y){
	while(top[x] != top[y]){
		if(dep[top[x]] < dep[top[y]]) Swap(x, y);
		x = fa[top[x]];
	}
	return dep[x] < dep[y] ? x : y;
}

int rt[N];

struct Tree{
	int l, r, pos, val;
}t[N * 60];
int treeIndex;
#define ls t[rt].l
#define rs t[rt].r
#define lson t[rt].l, l, mid
#define rson t[rt].r, mid + 1, r
inline void Pushup(int rt){
	if(t[ls].val < t[rs].val){
		t[rt].val = t[rs].val;
		t[rt].pos = t[rs].pos;
	}
	else{
		t[rt].val = t[ls].val;
		t[rt].pos = t[ls].pos;
	}
}
inline void Updata(int &rt, int l, int r, int x, int val){
	if(!rt) rt = ++treeIndex;
	if(l == r){
		t[rt].val += val;
		t[rt].pos = l;
		return;
	}
	int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
	if(x <= mid)
		Updata(lson, x, val);
	else
		Updata(rson, x, val);
	Pushup(rt);
}
inline int Merge(int x, int y, int l, int r){
	if(!x || !y) return x | y;
	if(l == r){
		t[x].val += t[y].val;
		t[x].pos = l;
		return x;
	}
	int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
	t[x].l = Merge(t[x].l, t[y].l, l, mid);
	t[x].r = Merge(t[x].r, t[y].r, mid + 1, r);
	Pushup(x);
	return x;
}

int ans[N];
	
int f[N];
inline void DFS(int u, int father){
	for(register int i = head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt){
		int v = e[i].pre;
		if(v == father) continue;
		DFS(v, u);
		rt[u] = Merge(rt[u], rt[v], 1, N - 1);
	}
	if(t[rt[u]].val){
		ans[u] = t[rt[u]].pos;
	}
}
int main(){
//FileOpen();
	io >> n >> m;
	R(i,2,n){
		int u, v;
		io >> u >> v;
		add(u, v);
		add(v, u);
	}
	
	DFS_First(1, 0);
	DFS_Second(1, 1);
	
	R(i,1,m){
		int x, y, col;
		io >> x >> y >> col;
		int lca = LCA(x, y);
		Updata(rt[x], 1, N - 1, col, 1);
		Updata(rt[y], 1, N - 1, col, 1);
		Updata(rt[lca], 1, N - 1, col, -1);
		if(lca != 1){
			Updata(rt[fa[lca]], 1, N - 1, col, -1);
		}
	}
	
	DFS(1, 0);
	
	R(i,1,n){
		printf("%d\n", ans[i]);
	}
	return 0;
}

次小生成树

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
 
#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;
//char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
//#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)

#endif

using namespace std;
struct ios{
    template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
        x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
        for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
        while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
        x *= f;
        return *this;
    }
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP Max(ATP a, ATP b){
    return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP Min(ATP a, ATP b){
    return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP Abs(ATP a){
    return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}

const int N = 100007;
const int M = 300007;

int n, m; 
struct Node{
	int x, y, w, tag;
	bool operator < (const Node &com) const{
		return w < com.w;
	}
}a[M];
struct Edge{
	int nxt, pre; long long w;
}e[M << 1];
int head[N], cntEdge;
inline void add(int u, int v, int w){
	e[++cntEdge] = (Edge){ head[u], v, w}, head[u] = cntEdge;
}

long long MST;
int f[N];
inline int Find(int x){
	return x == f[x] ? x : f[x] = Find(f[x]);
}
inline void Kruskal(){
	int tot = 1;
	R(i,1,n) f[i] = i;
	sort(a + 1, a + m + 1);
	R(i,1,m){
		int p = Find(a[i].x), q = Find(a[i].y);
		if(p != q){
			f[p] = q;
			MST += a[i].w;
			a[i].tag = true;
			if(++tot >= n) return;
		}
	}
}

long long wSon[N];
int son[N], fa[N], siz[N], dep[N];
inline void DFS_First(int u, int father){
	dep[u] = dep[father] + 1, fa[u] = father, siz[u] = 1;
	for(register int i = head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt){
		int v = e[i].pre;
		if(v ==  father) continue;
		DFS_First(v, u);
		siz[u] += siz[v];
		if(siz[v] > siz[son[u]]){
			son[u] = v;
			wSon[u] = e[i].w;
		}
	}
}
int top[N], dfn[N], dfnIndex, rnk[N];
inline void DFS_Second(int u, int TP, int w){
	dfn[u] = ++dfnIndex, top[u] = TP, rnk[dfnIndex] = w;
	if(!son[u]) return;
	DFS_Second(son[u], TP, wSon[u]);
	for(register int i = head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt){
		int v = e[i].pre;
		if(v != fa[u] && v != son[u])
			DFS_Second(v, v, e[i].w);
	}
}

#define ls rt << 1
#define rs rt << 1 | 1
#define lson rt << 1, l, mid
#define rson rt << 1 | 1, mid + 1, r
struct Tree{
	int mx,sc;
}t[M << 2];
inline void Pushup(int rt){
	t[rt].mx = Max(t[ls].mx, t[rs].mx);
	t[rt].sc = Max(t[rt].mx != t[ls].mx ? t[ls].mx : t[ls].sc, t[rt].mx != t[rs].mx ? t[rs].mx : t[rs].sc);
}
inline void Build(int rt, int l, int r){
	if(l == r){
		t[rt].mx = rnk[l];
		t[rt].sc = -1;
		return;
	}
	int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
	Build(lson), Build(rson);
	Pushup(rt);
}
inline Tree Query(int rt, int l, int r, int L, int R){
	if(L <= l && r <= R) return t[rt];
	int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
	Tree tmp_1, tmp_2, res;
	tmp_1.mx = tmp_1.sc = tmp_2.mx = tmp_2.sc = 0;
	if(L <= mid) tmp_1 = Query(lson, L, R);
	if(mid < R) tmp_2 = Query(rson, L, R);
	res.mx = Max(tmp_1.mx, tmp_2.mx);
	res.sc = Max(tmp_1.mx != res.mx ? tmp_1.mx : tmp_1.sc, tmp_2.mx != res.mx ? tmp_2.mx : tmp_2.sc);
	return res;
}

inline int QueryPath(int u, int v, int w){
	int sum = 0;
	while(top[u] != top[v]){
		if(dep[top[u]] < dep[top[v]]) Swap(u, v);
		Tree tmp = Query(1, 1, n, dfn[top[u]], dfn[u]);
		sum = Max(sum, w != tmp.mx ? tmp.mx : tmp.sc);
		u = fa[top[u]];
	}
	if(u == v) return sum;
	if(dep[u] < dep[v]) Swap(u, v);
	Tree tmp = Query(1, 1, n, dfn[v] + 1, dfn[u]);
	return Max(sum, w != tmp.mx ? tmp.mx : tmp.sc);;
}

int sta[M << 1], topp;
int main(){
//FileOpen();
	io >> n >> m;
	R(i,1,m){
		int u, v, w;
		io >> u >> v >> w;
		a[i] = (Node){ u, v, w, 0};
	}
	
	Kruskal();
	
	R(i,1,m){
		if(a[i].tag == true){
			add(a[i].x, a[i].y, a[i].w);
			add(a[i].y, a[i].x, a[i].w);
		}
		else
			sta[++topp] = i;
	}
	
	DFS_First(1, 0);
	DFS_Second(1, 0, 0);
	
	Build(1, 1, n);
	
	int sum = 0x7fffffff;
	
	R(i,1,topp){
		sum = Min(sum, a[sta[i]].w - QueryPath(a[sta[i]].x, a[sta[i]].y, a[sta[i]].w));
	}
	
	printf("%lld", MST + sum);
	return 0;
}

舞动的夜晚

网络流模板，开空间玄学，若流量非0且不属于合法环，则非法

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
 
#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;
//char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
//#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)

#endif

using namespace std;
struct ios{
    template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
        x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
        for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
        while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
        x *= f;
        return *this;
    }
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP Max(ATP a, ATP b){
    return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP Min(ATP a, ATP b){
    return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP Abs(ATP a){
    return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}

const int N = 500007;
const int M = 2000007;

int S = 0, T;
struct Edge{
	int nxt, pre, w;
}e[M], e2[M];
int head[N], head2[N], cntEdge = 1, cntEdge2 = 1;
inline void add(int u, int v, int w){
	e[++cntEdge] = (Edge){ head[u], v, w}, head[u] = cntEdge;
}
inline void add2(int u, int v){
	e2[++cntEdge2] = (Edge){ head2[u], v}, head2[u] = cntEdge2;
}
inline void Add(int u, int v){
	add(u, v, 1);
	add(v, u, 0);
}

int q[N], h[N];
inline bool BFS(){
	int t = 0, w = 1;
	Fill(h, -1);
	h[S] = 0, q[0] = S;
	while(t != w){
		int u = q[t++];
		for(register int i = head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt){
			int v = e[i].pre;
			if(e[i].w && h[v] == -1){
				h[v] = h[u] + 1;
				q[w++] = e[i].pre;
			}
		}
	}
	return h[T] != -1;
}
inline int DFS(int u, int f){
	if(u == T) return f;
	int w, used = 0;
	for(register int i = head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt){
		int v = e[i].pre;
		if(h[v] == h[u] + 1){
			w = DFS(v, Min(f - used, e[i].w));
			e[i].w -= w, e[i ^ 1].w += w;
			used += w;
			if(used == f) return f;
		}
	}
	if(!used) h[u] = -1;
	return used;
}
inline int Dinic(){
	int sum = 0;
	while(BFS()){
		sum += DFS(S, 0x7fffffff);
	}
	return sum;
}

int dfn[N], low[N], dfnIndex, scc[N], sccIndex;
int sta[N], top;
inline void Tarjan(int u){
	dfn[u] = low[u] = ++dfnIndex;
	sta[++top] = u;
	for(register int i = head2[u]; i; i = e2[i].nxt){
		int v = e2[i].pre;
		if(!dfn[v]){
			Tarjan(v);
			low[u] = Min(low[u], low[v]);
		}
		else if(!scc[v]){
			low[u] = Min(low[u], dfn[v]);
		}
	}
	if(dfn[u] == low[u]){
		++sccIndex;
		do{
			scc[sta[top]] = sccIndex;
		}while(sta[top--] != u);
	}
}
int ans[N];
int happy[N][2];
int main(){
//FileOpen();
	int n1, n2, m;
	io >> n1 >> n2 >> m;
	T = n1 + n2 + 1; 
	R(i,1,m){
		int u, v;
		io >> u >> v;
		happy[i][0] = u, happy[i][1] = v + n1;
		Add(u, n1 + v);
	}
	R(i,1,n1) Add(S, i);
	R(i,1,n2) Add(n1 + i, T);
	
	Dinic();
	
	R(i,2,cntEdge){
		if(e[i].w){
			add2(e[i ^ 1].pre, e[i].pre);
		}
	}
	R(i,S,T){
		if(!dfn[i]){
			Tarjan(i);
		}
	}
	
	R(i,1,m){
		if(scc[happy[i][0]] != scc[happy[i][1]] && e[i << 1].w != 0){
			ans[++top] = i;
		}
	}
	printf("%d\n", top);
	R(i,1,top){
		printf("%d ", ans[i]);
	}
	
	return 0;
}

创世纪

基环树DP，攻的当受的儿子，\(f\)表选，\(g\)表不选。并查集维护攻受关系。若有环则记录，DP受的后把它当祖宗，再DP攻的。

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long
 
#define ON_DEBUGG
 
#ifdef ON_DEBUGG
 
#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n")
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
  
#else
 
#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;
//char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
//#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)
 
#endif
 
using namespace std;
struct ios{
    template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
        x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
        for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
        while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
        x *= f;
        return *this;
    }
}io;
 
template<typename ATP>inline ATP Max(ATP a, ATP b){
    return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP Min(ATP a, ATP b){
    return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP Abs(ATP a){
    return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}

const int N = 1000007;

int n, totCircle;
int ans, root;
int f[N], g[N], A[N], B[N];
struct Edge{
	int nxt, pre;
}e[N << 1];
int head[N], cntEdge;
inline void add(int u, int v){
	e[++cntEdge] = (Edge){ head[u], v}, head[u] = cntEdge;
}
int fa[N];
inline int Find(int x){
	return fa[x] == x ? x : fa[x] = Find(fa[x]);
}
inline void DFS(int u){
	int t = 0x7fffffff;
	g[u] = 0;
	for(register int i = head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt){
		int v = e[i].pre;
		if(v != root) DFS(v);
		g[u] += max(f[v], g[v]);
		t = min(t, max(f[v], g[v]) - g[v]);
	}
	f[u] = g[u] + 1 - t;
}
int main(){
//FileOpen();

    io >> n;
    R(i,1,n) fa[i] = i;
    R(i,1,n){
    	int j;
        io >> j;
        int p = Find(i), q = Find(j);
        if(p != q){
        	add(j, i);
        	fa[q] = p;
		}
		else{
			A[++totCircle] = j, B[totCircle] = i;
		}
    }
    R(i,1,totCircle){
    	DFS(A[i]), root = A[i];
    	DFS(B[i]);
    	int tmp = f[B[i]];
    	f[A[i]] = g[A[i]] + 1;
    	DFS(B[i]);
    	ans += Max(tmp, g[B[i]]);
	}
	
    printf("%d",ans);
    
    return 0;
}

银河

因为只有\(0/1\)两种权值，缩点后拓扑

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long
 
#define ON_DEBUGG
 
#ifdef ON_DEBUGG
 
#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n")
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
  
#else
 
#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;
//char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
//#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)
 
#endif
 
using namespace std;
struct ios{
    template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
        x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
        for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
        while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
        x *= f;
        return *this;
    }
}io;
 
template<typename ATP>inline ATP Max(ATP a, ATP b){
    return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP Min(ATP a, ATP b){
    return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP Abs(ATP a){
    return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}

const int N = 100007;

int n, m;
struct Edge{
	int nxt, pre, w;
}e[N << 2];
int head[N], cntEdge;
inline void add(int u, int v, int w){
	e[++cntEdge] = (Edge){ head[u], v, w}, head[u] = cntEdge;
}

int dfn[N], low[N], dfnIndex;
int sta[N], top;
int scc[N], sccIndex;
inline void Tarjan(int u){
	dfn[u] = low[u] = ++dfnIndex;
	sta[++top] = u;
	for(register int i = head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt){
		int v = e[i].pre;
		if(!dfn[v]){
			Tarjan(v);
			low[u] = min(low[u], low[v]);
		} 
		else if(!scc[v]){
			low[u] = min(low[u], dfn[v]);
		}
	}
	if(low[u] == dfn[u]){
		++sccIndex;
		do{
			scc[sta[top]] = sccIndex;
		}while(sta[top--] != u);
	}
}
Edge E[N << 2];
int Head[N], CntEdge;
int In[N];
inline void Add(int u, int v, int w){
	E[++CntEdge] = (Edge){ Head[u], v, w}, Head[u] = CntEdge;
}
inline bool ReBuild(){
	R(u,1,n){
		for(register int i = head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt){
			int v = e[i].pre;
			if(scc[u] == scc[v]){
				if(e[i].w == 1) return false;
			}
			else{
				Add(scc[u], scc[v], e[i].w);
				++In[scc[v]];
			}
		}
	}
	return true;
}
int q[N], Dis[N];
inline void TopoSort(){
	R(i,1,sccIndex){
		if(!In[i]){
			q[++top] = i;
			Dis[i] = 1;
		}
	}
	while(top){
		int u = q[top--];
		for(register int i = Head[u]; i; i = E[i].nxt){
			int v = E[i].pre;
			Dis[v] = max(Dis[v], Dis[u] + E[i].w);
			if(--In[v] == 0){
				q[++top] = v;
			}
		}
	}
}
int main(){
	io >> n >> m;
	R(i,1,m){
		int opt, a, b;
		io >> opt >> a >> b;
		if(opt == 1){
			add(a, b, 0);
			add(b, a, 0);
		}
		else if(opt == 2){
			add(a, b, 1);
			if(a == b){
				printf("-1");
				return 0;
			}
		}
		else if(opt == 3){
			add(b, a, 0);
		}
		else if(opt == 4){
			add(b, a, 1);
			if(a == b){
				printf("-1");
				return 0;
			}
		}
		else{
			add(a, b, 0);
		}
	}
	
	R(i,1,n){
		if(!dfn[i]){
			Tarjan(i);
		}
	}
	
	if(ReBuild() == false){
		printf("-1");
	}
	else{
		TopoSort();
		long long ans = 0;
		R(i,1,n){
			ans += Dis[scc[i]];
		}
		printf("%lld", ans);
	}
	
	return 0;
}

Knights of the Round Table

二分图无奇环，反之亦然
建反图跑点双联通

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long
 
#define ON_DEBUGG
 
#ifdef ON_DEBUGG
 
#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n")
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
  
#else
 
#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;
//char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
//#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)
 
#endif
 
using namespace std;
struct ios{
    template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
        x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
        for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
        while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
        x *= f;
        return *this;
    }
}io;
 
template<typename ATP>inline ATP Max(ATP a, ATP b){
    return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP Min(ATP a, ATP b){
    return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP Abs(ATP a){
    return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}

const int N = 1007;

int n, m;
struct Edge{
	int nxt, pre;
}e[N * N];
int head[N], cntEdge;
inline void add(int u, int v){
	e[++cntEdge] = (Edge){ head[u], v}, head[u] = cntEdge;
}

int vis[N];

int color[N];
int tmp[N];
int dfn[N], dfnIndex, low[N], scc[N], sccIndex;
int sta[N], top;
inline bool OddCircle(int u, int col){
	color[u] = col;
	for(register int i = head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt){
		int v = e[i].pre;
		if(scc[v] == sccIndex){
			if(color[v] && color[v] == color[u]) return true;
			if(!color[v] && OddCircle(v, -col)) return true;
		}
	}
	return false;
}
//inline void Tarjan(int u, int father){
//	dfn[u] = low[u] = ++dfnIndex;
//	sta[++top] = u;
//	int sons = 0;
//	for(register int i = head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt){
//		int v = e[i].pre;
//		if(v == father) continue;
//		if(!dfn[v]){
//			Tarjan(v, u);
//			low[u] = min(low[u], low[v]);
//			if(low[v] >= dfn[u]){
//				++sons;
//				int tot = 0;
//				if(u != root || sons > -1){
//					/*
//						I think I should write sons > 1,
//						but if I ignore this judgement, the answer is right.
//						I still do not understand.
//					*/
//					++sccIndex;
//					do{
//						scc[sta[top]] = sccIndex;
//						tmp[++tot] = sta[top];
//					}while(sta[top--] != v); // not u
//					tmp[++tot] = u;
//					if(tot < 3){
//						tot = 0;
//						continue;
//					}
//					R(j,1,n) color[j] = 0;
//					if(OddCircle(u, 1) == true){
//						while(tot){
//							vis[tmp[tot]] = 1;
//							--tot;
//						}
//					}
//				}
//			}
//			
//		}
//		else if(!scc[v]){
//			low[u] = min(low[u], dfn[v]);
//		}
//	}
//}
/*
	Now I understand, my template is wrong,
	the judgement is only used for the cut vertices 
*/
inline void Tarjan(int u, int father){
	dfn[u] = low[u] = ++dfnIndex;
	sta[++top] = u;
	for(register int i = head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt){
		int v = e[i].pre;
		if(v == father) continue;
		if(!dfn[v]){
			Tarjan(v, u);
			low[u] = min(low[u], low[v]);
			if(low[v] >= dfn[u]){
				int tot = 0;
				++sccIndex;
				do{
					scc[sta[top]] = sccIndex;
					tmp[++tot] = sta[top];
				}while(sta[top--] != v); // not u
				tmp[++tot] = u;
				if(tot < 3){
					tot = 0;
					continue;
				}
				R(j,1,n) color[j] = 0;
				if(OddCircle(u, 1) == true){
					while(tot){
						vis[tmp[tot]] = 1;
						--tot;
					}
				}
			}
			
		}
		else if(!scc[v]){
			low[u] = min(low[u], dfn[v]);
		}
	}
}

int mp[N][N];
int main(){
//FileOpen();
	while(~scanf("%d%d", &n, &m) && n | m){
		cntEdge = 0;
		dfnIndex = 0;
		sccIndex = 0;
		R(i,1,n){
			R(j,1,n){
				mp[i][j] = i == j ? 1 : 0;
			}
		}
		R(i,1,n){
			vis[i] = 0;
			head[i] = 0;
			dfn[i] = 0;
			low[i] = 0;
			scc[i] = 0;
		}
		
		R(i,1,m){
			int u, v;
			io >> u >> v;
			mp[u][v] = mp[v][u] = 1;
		}
		
		R(i,1,n){
			R(j,1,n){
				if(!mp[i][j]){
					add(i, j);
					add(j, i);
				}
			}
		}
		
		R(i,1,n){
			if(!dfn[i]){
				Tarjan(i, 0);
			}
		}
		
		int ans = 0;
		R(i,1,n){
			ans += (!vis[i]);
		}
		printf("%d\n", ans);
	}
	return 0;
}

Network

无向图原是可当有向图来缩的，加个爸爸就是了

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long
 
#define ON_DEBUGG
 
#ifdef ON_DEBUGG
 
#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n")
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
  
#else
 
#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;
//char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
//#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)
 
#endif
 
using namespace std;
struct ios{
    template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
        x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
        for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
        while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
        x *= f;
        return *this;
    }
}io;
 
template<typename ATP>inline ATP Max(ATP a, ATP b){
    return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP Min(ATP a, ATP b){
    return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP Abs(ATP a){
    return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}

const int N = 100007;
const int M = 400007;

struct Edge{
	int nxt, pre;
}e[M];
int head[N], cntEdge;
inline void add(int u, int v){
	e[++cntEdge] = (Edge) { head[u], v}, head[u] = cntEdge;
}

Edge E[N];
int Head[N], CntEdge;
inline void Add(int u, int v){
	E[++CntEdge] = (Edge) { Head[u], v}, Head[u] = CntEdge;
}
	
int dfn[N], low[N], dfnIndex, scc[N], sccIndex;
int sta[N], top;
inline void Tarjan(int u, int father){
	dfn[u] = low[u] = ++dfnIndex;
	sta[++top] = u;
	for(register int i = head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt){
		int v = e[i].pre;
		if(v == father) continue;
		if(!dfn[v]){
			Tarjan(v, u);
			low[u] = Min(low[u], low[v]);
		}
		else if(!scc[v]){
			low[u] = Min(low[u], dfn[v]);
		}
	}
	if(low[u] == dfn[u]){
		++sccIndex;
		do{
			scc[sta[top]] = sccIndex;
		}while(sta[top--] != u);
	}
}

namespace UFO{
	
int fa[N];
inline int Find(int x){
	return x == fa[x] ? x : fa[x] = Find(fa[x]);
}

}

namespace TCP{
	
int top[N], dep[N], fa[N], son[N], siz[N];
inline void DFS_First(int u, int father){
	dep[u] = dep[father] + 1, siz[u] = 1, fa[u] = father;
	for(register int i = Head[u]; i; i = E[i].nxt){
		int v = E[i].pre;
		if(v == father) continue;
		DFS_First(v, u);
		siz[u] += siz[v];
		if(siz[v] > siz[son[u]]) son[u] = v;
	}
}
inline void DFS_Second(int u, int TP){
	top[u] = TP;
	if(!son[u]) return;
	DFS_Second(son[u], TP);
	for(register int i = Head[u]; i; i = E[i].nxt){
		int v = E[i].pre;
		if(v != fa[u] && v != son[u])
			DFS_Second(v, v);
	}
}
inline int LCA(int x, int y){
	while(top[x] != top[y]){
		if(dep[top[x]] < dep[top[y]]) Swap(x, y);
		x = fa[top[x]];
	}
	return dep[x] < dep[y] ? x : y;
}

}

int n, m;
int main(){
//FileOpen();
	int Tasks = 0;
	while(~scanf("%d%d", &n, &m) && n | m){
		cntEdge = 0;
		CntEdge = 0;
		dfnIndex = 0;
		sccIndex = 0;
		R(i,1,n){
			head[i] = 0;
			scc[i] = 0;
			dfn[i] = 0;
			low[i] = 0;
			UFO::fa[i] = i;
			TCP::top[i] = 0;
			Head[i] = 0;
			TCP::son[i] = 0;
		}
		if(Tasks) putchar('\n');
		printf("Case %d:\n", ++Tasks);
		R(i,1,m){
			int u, v;
			io >> u >> v;
			add(u, v);
			add(v, u);
		}
		
		R(i,1,n){
			if(!dfn[i])
				Tarjan(i, 0);
		}
		
		R(u,1,n){
			for(register int i = head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt){
				int v = e[i].pre;
				if(scc[u] != scc[v]){
					Add(scc[u], scc[v]);
				}
			}
		}
		
		TCP::DFS_First(1, 0);
		TCP::DFS_Second(1, 1);
		
		int ans = sccIndex - 1, Ques;
		io >> Ques;
		while(Ques--){
			int u, v;
			io >> u >> v;
			u = UFO::Find(scc[u]), v = UFO::Find(scc[v]);
			if(u != v){
				int lca = TCP::LCA(u, v);
				while(u != lca){
					--ans;
					UFO::fa[u] = lca;
					u = TCP::fa[u];
					u = UFO::Find(u);
				}
				while(v != lca){
					--ans;
					UFO::fa[v] = lca;
					v = TCP::fa[v];
					v = UFO::Find(v);
				}
			}
			printf("%d\n", ans);
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

Watchcow

\(vis\)用在边

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long
 
#define ON_DEBUGG
 
#ifdef ON_DEBUGG
 
#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n")
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
  
#else
 
#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;
//char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
//#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)
 
#endif
 
using namespace std;
struct ios{
    template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
        x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
        for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
        while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
        x *= f;
        return *this;
    }
}io;
 
template<typename ATP>inline ATP Max(ATP a, ATP b){
    return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP Min(ATP a, ATP b){
    return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP Abs(ATP a){
    return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}

const int N = 10007;
const int M = 100007;

struct Edge{
	int nxt, pre;
}e[M];
int head[N], cntEdge;
inline void add(int u, int v){
	e[++cntEdge] = (Edge) { head[u], v}, head[u] = cntEdge;
} 

int vis[M], tot, path[M];
inline void DFS(int u){
	for(register int i = head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt){
		int v = e[i].pre;
		if(!vis[i]){
			vis[i] = 1;
			DFS(v);
		}
	}
	path[++tot] = u;
}
int n, m;
int main(){
	io >> n >> m;
	R(i,1,m){
		int u, v;
		io >> u >> v;
		add(u, v);
		add(v, u);
	}
	
	DFS(1);
	
	R(i,1,tot){
		printf("%d\n", path[i]);
	}
	
	return 0;
}

車的放置

裸二分图最大匹配

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long
 
#define ON_DEBUGG
 
#ifdef ON_DEBUGG
 
#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n")
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
  
#else
 
#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;
//char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
//#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)
 
#endif
 
using namespace std;
struct ios{
    template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
        x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
        for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
        while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
        x *= f;
        return *this;
    }
}io;
 
template<typename ATP>inline ATP Max(ATP a, ATP b){
    return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP Min(ATP a, ATP b){
    return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP Abs(ATP a){
    return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}

const int N = 407;
const int M = 40007;

int n, m;

struct Edge{
	int nxt, pre;
}e[M];
int head[N], cntEdge;
inline void add(int u, int v){
	e[++cntEdge] = (Edge) { head[u], v}, head[u] = cntEdge;
}

int tim, match[N], vis[N];
inline bool Hungry(int u){
	for(register int i = head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt){
		int v = e[i].pre;
		if(vis[v] == tim) continue;
		vis[v] = tim;
		if(!match[v] || Hungry(match[v])){
			match[v] = u;
			return true;
		}
	}
	return false;
}

int mark[N][N];
int main(){
	int t;
	io >> n >> m >> t;
	R(i,1,t){
		int x, y;
		io >> x >> y;
		mark[x][y] = 1;
	}
	R(i,1,n){
		R(j,1,m){
			if(!mark[i][j]){
				add(i, j + n);
			}
		}
	}
	
	int ans = 0;
	R(i,1,n){
		++tim;
		ans += Hungry(i);
	}
	
	printf("%d", ans);
	return 0;
}

Katu Puzzle

2-SAT

1 \(\and = false : a + n \rightarrow b, b + n \rightarrow a\)
2 \(\and = true : a \rightarrow a + n, b \rightarrow b + n\)
3 \(\or = false : a + n \rightarrow a, b + n \rightarrow b\)
4 \(\or = true : a \rightarrow b + n, b \rightarrow a + n\)
5 \(\bigoplus = false : a \rightarrow b, b \rightarrow a, a + n \rightarrow b + n, b + n \rightarrow a + n\)
6 \(\bigoplus = true : a \rightarrow b + n, b \rightarrow a + n, a + n \rightarrow b, b + n \rightarrow a\)

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long
 
#define ON_DEBUGG
 
#ifdef ON_DEBUGG
 
#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n")
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
  
#else
 
#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;
//char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
//#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)
 
#endif
 
using namespace std;
struct ios{
    template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
        x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
        for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
        while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
        x *= f;
        return *this;
    }
}io;
 
template<typename ATP>inline ATP Max(ATP a, ATP b){
    return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP Min(ATP a, ATP b){
    return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP Abs(ATP a){
    return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}

const int N = 2007;
const int M = 1000007;

int n, m;

struct Edge{
	int nxt, pre;
}e[M << 2];
int head[N], cntEdge;
inline void add(int u, int v){
	e[++cntEdge] = (Edge) { head[u], v}, head[u] = cntEdge;
}

int dfn[N], low[N], scc[N], dfnIndex, sccIndex;
int sta[N], top;
inline void Tarjan(int u){
	dfn[u] = low[u] = ++dfnIndex;
	sta[++top] = u;
	for(register int i = head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt){
		int v = e[i].pre;
		if(!dfn[v]){
			Tarjan(v);
			low[u] = Min(low[u], low[v]);
		}
		else if(!scc[v]){
			low[u] = Min(low[u], dfn[v]);
		}
	}
	if(dfn[u] == low[u]){
		++sccIndex;
		do{
			scc[sta[top]] = sccIndex;
		}while(sta[top--] != u);
	}
}

int main(){
//FileOpen();
	io >> n >> m;
	char opt[7];

	R(i,1,m){
		int a, b, c;
		io >> a >> b >> c;
		++a, ++b;
		scanf("%s", opt + 1);
		if(opt[1] == 'A'){
			if(c == 0){
				add(a + n, b);
				add(b + n, a);
			}
			else{
				add(a, a + n);
				add(b, b + n);
			}
		}
		else if(opt[1] == 'O'){
			if(c == 0){
				add(a + n, a);
				add(b + n, b);
			}
			else{
				add(a, b + n);
				add(b, a + n);
			}		
		}
		else if(opt[1] == 'X'){
			if(c == 0){
				add(a, b);
				add(b, a);
				add(a + n, b + n);
				add(b + n, a + n);
			}
			else{
				add(a, b + n);
				add(b, a + n);
				add(a + n, b);
				add(b + n, a);
			}			
		}
	}
	
	int n2 = n << 1;
	R(i,1,n2){
		if(!dfn[i]){
			Tarjan(i);
		}
	}
	
//	R(i,1,n2) D_e(scc[i]);
	R(i,1,n){
		
		if(scc[i] == scc[i + n]){
			printf("NO");
			return 0;
		}
	}
	
	printf("YES");
	
	return 0;
} 

欧拉回路

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long
 
#define ON_DEBUGG
 
#ifdef ON_DEBUGG
 
#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n")
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
  
#else
 
#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;
//char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
//#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)
 
#endif
 
using namespace std;
struct ios{
    template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
        x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
        for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
        while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
        x *= f;
        return *this;
    }
}io;
 
template<typename ATP>inline ATP Max(ATP a, ATP b){
    return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP Min(ATP a, ATP b){
    return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP Abs(ATP a){
    return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}
#define UNDIRECTED 1 

const int N = 100007;

int n, m, Type;
struct Edge{
	int nxt, pre;
}e[N << 2];
int head[N], cntEdge = 1;
inline void add(int u, int v){
	e[++cntEdge] = (Edge){ head[u], v}, head[u] = cntEdge;
}

struct Node{
	int x, id;
}sta[N << 1];

int tot, vis[N << 1], path[N << 1];

inline void Euler(int st){
	int top = 0;
	sta[++top] = (Node){st, -1};
	while(top){
		Node t = sta[top];
		int u = t.x, i = head[u];
		while(i && vis[Type == UNDIRECTED ? (i >> 1) : i]) i = e[i].nxt;
		if(i){
			sta[++top] = (Node){ e[i].pre, i};
			head[u] = e[i].nxt;
			vis[Type == UNDIRECTED ? (i >> 1) : i] = 1;
		}
		else{
			--top;
			path[++tot] = t.id;
		}
	}
}

namespace SUBTASK_1{
	int deg[N];
	inline void main(){
		int st = 1;
		R(i,1,m){
			int u, v;
			io >> u >> v;
			add(u, v);
			add(v, u);
			++deg[u], ++deg[v];
			st = u;
		}
		R(i,1,n){
			if(deg[i] & 1){
				printf("NO\n");
				return;
			}
		}
		Euler(st);
		if(tot <= m){
			printf("NO\n");
			return;
		}
		printf("YES\n");
		nR(i,tot,1){
			if(path[i] != -1){
				if(path[i] & 1) putchar('-');
				printf("%d ", path[i] >> 1);
			}
		}
		putchar('\n');
	}
}

namespace SUBTASK_2{
	int out[N], in[N];
	inline void main(){
		int st = 1;
		R(i,1,m){
			int u, v;
			io >> u >> v;
			add(u, v);
			++in[v], ++out[u];
			st = u;
		}
		
		R(i,1,n){
			if(in[i] != out[i]){
				printf("NO\n");
				return;
			}
		}
		Euler(st);
		if(tot <= m){
			printf("NO\n");
			return;
		}
		printf("YES\n");
		nR(i,tot,1){
			if(path[i] != -1){
				printf("%d ", path[i]);
			}
		}
		putchar('\n');
	}
}

int main(){
//FileOpen();
	io >> Type >> n >> m;
	cntEdge = (Type == UNDIRECTED);
	if(Type == UNDIRECTED)
		SUBTASK_1::main();
	else
		SUBTASK_2::main();
	
	return 0;
}

Vani和cl2捉迷藏

传递闭包预处理，匈牙利求最大匹配，点数-最大匹配等于最大独立集

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long
 
#define ON_DEBUGG
 
#ifdef ON_DEBUGG
 
#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n")
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC)

#else
 
#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;
//char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
//#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)
 
#endif
 
using namespace std;
struct ios{
    template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
        x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
        for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
        while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
        x *= f;
        return *this;
    }
}io;
 
template<typename ATP>inline ATP Max(ATP a, ATP b){
    return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP Min(ATP a, ATP b){
    return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP Abs(ATP a){
    return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}

const int N = 207;
const int M = 30007;

//struct Edge{
//	int nxt, pre;
//}e[M];
//int head[N], cntEdge;
//inline void add(int u, int v){
//	e[++cntEdge] = (Edge){ head[u], v}, head[u] = cntEdge;
//}
int n, m;
int g[N][N];

int tim, match[N], vis[N];
inline bool Hungry(int u){
	R(v,1,n){
		if(!g[u][v]  || vis[v] == tim) continue;
		vis[v] = tim;
		if(!match[v] || Hungry(match[v])){
			match[v] = u;
			return true;
		}
	}
	return false;
}
int main(){
	io >> n >> m;
	R(i,1,m){
		int u, v;
		io >> u >> v;
		g[u][v] = 1;
	}
	
	R(k,1,n){
		R(i,1,n){
			R(j,1,n){
				g[i][j] |= (g[i][k] & g[k][j]);
			}
		}
	}
	int ans = 0;
	R(i,1,n){
		++tim;
		ans += Hungry(i);
	}
	
	printf("%d", n - ans);
	return 0;
}

RMQ问题

与众不同

#include <cstdio>
//#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)

#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;

#endif
using namespace std;
struct ios{
	template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
		x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
		for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
		while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
		x *= f;
		return *this;
	}
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a < b ? a : b;
}


const int N = 200007;

int n;




namespace RMQ{

int f[N][21], lg[N], bin[21], last[N * 10], a[N], pos[N];
inline void Prepare(){
	bin[0] = 1;
	R(i,1,20) bin[i] = bin[i - 1] << 1;
	R(i,2,n) lg[i] = lg[i >> 1] + 1;
}
inline void Init(){
	R(i,1,n){
		io >> a[i];
		a[i] += 1000000;
		pos[i] = max(pos[i - 1], last[a[i]] + 1);
		f[i][0] = i - pos[i] + 1;
		last[a[i]] = i;
	}
	
	int t = lg[n];
	R(j,1,t){
		int maxx = n - bin[j] + 1;
		R(i,1,maxx){
			f[i][j] = max(f[i][j - 1], f[i + bin[j - 1]][j - 1]);
		}
	}
}
inline int Query(int l, int r){
	int t = lg[r - l + 1];
	return max(f[l][t], f[r - bin[t] + 1][t]);
}

}

int main(){
//FileOpen();
//freopen("1.txt", "w", stdout);

	int m;
	io >> n >> m;
	RMQ::Prepare();
	RMQ::Init();
	while(m--){
		int L, R;
		io >> L >> R;
		++L, ++R;
//		int l = L, r = R, P;
//		while(l <= r){
//			int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
//			if(RMQ::pos[mid] <= L){
//				l = mid + 1;
//				P = l;
//			}
//			else
//				r = mid - 1;
//		}
		int P = lower_bound(RMQ::pos + L, RMQ::pos + R + 1, L) - RMQ::pos;
		printf("%d\n", min(R - L + 1, max(P - L, RMQ::Query(P, R)))); // false : P - L + 1
	}
	
	return 0;
}

选择客栈

MLE

#pragma GCC optimize("O2")
#pragma GCC optimize("O3")
#include <cstdio>
//#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)

#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;

#endif
using namespace std;
struct ios{
	template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
		x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
		for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
		while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
		x *= f;
		return *this;
	}
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a < b ? a : b;
}

const int N = 2000007;

int n, colorNum;
int col[N]; 
int f[21][N];
inline void Init(){
	int t = log2(n);
	R(j,1,t){
		int maxx = n - (1 << j) + 1;
		R(i,1,maxx){
			f[j][i] = min(f[j - 1][i], f[j - 1][i + (1 << j - 1)]);
		}
	}
}
inline int Query(int l, int r){
	int t = log2(r - l + 1);
	return min(f[t][l], f[t][r - (1 << t) + 1]);
}

#include <vector>
vector<int> V[10007];
int main(){
//FileOpen();
//freopen("in2.txt", "r", stdin);

	int minAfford;
	io >> n >> colorNum >> minAfford;
	
	R(i,1,n){
		io >> col[i] >> f[0][i];
		++col[i];
		V[col[i]].push_back(i);
	}
	
	Init();
	
	long long ans = 0;
	R(i,1,colorNum){
		int cnt = 1, tot = V[i].size();
		for(vector<int>::iterator it = V[i].begin() + 1; it != V[i].end(); ++it){
			if(Query(*(it - 1), *it) <= minAfford){
				ans += cnt * (tot - cnt);
				tot -= cnt;
				cnt = 0;
			}
			++cnt;
		}
	}
	
	printf("%lld", ans);
	
	return 0;
}

AC

#include <cstdio>
//#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)

#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;

#endif
using namespace std;
struct ios{
	template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
		x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
		for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
		while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
		x *= f;
		return *this;
	}
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a < b ? a : b;
}

const int N = 2000007;

int last[N], tot[N], sum[N];
int main(){
//FileOpen();
 
	int n, colorNumber, minAfford;
	int pos;
	io >> n >> colorNumber >> minAfford;
	long long ans = 0;
	R(i,1,n){
		int col, pri;
		io >> col >> pri;
		if(minAfford >= pri) pos = i;
		if(pos >= last[col]) sum[col] = tot[col];
		last[col] = i;
		ans += sum[col];
		++tot[col];
	}
	
	printf("%lld", ans);
	
	return 0;
}

树链剖分

树的统计

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)

#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;

#endif
using namespace std;
struct ios{
	template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
		x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
		for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
		while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
		x *= f;
		return *this;
	}
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a < b ? a : b;
}

const int N = 30007; 

int n;

struct Edge{
	int nxt, pre;
}e[N << 1];
int head[N], cntEdge;
inline void add(int u, int v){
	e[++cntEdge] = (Edge){head[u], v}, head[u] = cntEdge;
}

int val[N];

int fa[N], siz[N], dep[N], son[N];
inline void DFS_First(int u, int father){
	dep[u] = dep[father] + 1, fa[u] = father, siz[u] = 1;
	for(register int i = head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt){
		int v = e[i].pre;
		if(v == father) continue;
		DFS_First(v, u);
		siz[u] += siz[v];
		if(!son[u] || siz[v] > siz[son[u]]){
			son[u] = v;
		}
	}
}
int dfn[N], dfnIndex, rnk[N], top[N];
inline void DFS_Second(int u, int ancester){
	top[u] = ancester, dfn[u] = ++dfnIndex, rnk[dfnIndex] = u;
	if(!son[u]) return;
	DFS_Second(son[u], ancester);
	for(register int i = head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt){
		int v = e[i].pre;
		if(v != son[u] && v != fa[u]){
			DFS_Second(v, v);
		}
	}
}

#define lson rt << 1, l, mid
#define rson rt << 1 | 1, mid + 1, r
int t[N << 2], tmax[N << 2];	
inline void Pushup(int &rt){
	t[rt] = t[rt << 1] + t[rt << 1 | 1];
	tmax[rt] = max(tmax[rt << 1], tmax[rt << 1 | 1]);
}
inline void Build(int rt, int l, int r){
	if(l == r){
		t[rt] = tmax[rt] = val[rnk[l]];
		return;
	}
	int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
	Build(lson), Build(rson);
	Pushup(rt);
}
inline void Change(int rt, int l, int r, int &x, int &w){
	if(l == r){
		t[rt] = tmax[rt] = w;
		return;
	}
	int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
	if(mid >= x)
		Change(lson, x, w);
	else
		Change(rson, x, w);
	Pushup(rt);
}
inline int QueryMax(int rt, int l, int r, int L, int R){
	if(L <= l && r <= R) return tmax[rt];
	int mid = (l + r) >> 1, maxx = -0x7fffffff; // ！error : init maxx 0 
	if(mid >= L) maxx = max(maxx, QueryMax(lson, L, R));
	if(mid < R) maxx = max(maxx, QueryMax(rson, L, R));
	return maxx;
}
inline int QuerySum(int rt, int l, int r, int L, int R){
	if(L <= l && r <= R) return t[rt];
	int mid = (l + r) >> 1, sum = 0;
	if(mid >= L) sum += QuerySum(lson, L, R);
	if(mid < R) sum += QuerySum(rson, L, R);
	return sum;
}

inline int QueryPathMax(int x, int y){
	int maxx = -0x7fffffff; // ! error : init maxx 0
	while(top[x] != top[y]){
		if(dep[top[x]] < dep[top[y]]) Swap(x, y);
		maxx = max(maxx, QueryMax(1, 1, n, dfn[top[x]], dfn[x]));
		x = fa[top[x]];
	}
	if(dep[x] < dep[y]) Swap(x, y);
	return max(maxx, QueryMax(1, 1, n, dfn[y], dfn[x]));
}
inline int QueryPathSum(int x, int y){
	int sum = 0;
	while(top[x] != top[y]){
		if(dep[top[x]] < dep[top[y]]) Swap(x, y);
		sum += QuerySum(1, 1, n, dfn[top[x]], dfn[x]);
		x = fa[top[x]];
	}
	if(dep[x] < dep[y]) Swap(x, y);
	return sum + QuerySum(1, 1, n, dfn[y], dfn[x]);
}

int main(){
//FileOpen();
//freopen("my.txt", "w", stdout);

	io >> n;
	R(i,2,n){
		int u, v;
		io >> u >> v;
		add(u, v);
		add(v, u);
	}
	R(i,1,n){
		io >> val[i];
	}
	
	DFS_First(1, 0);
	DFS_Second(1, 1);
	Build(1, 1, n);
	
	int m;
	io >> m;
	while(m--){
		char opt[13]; // !error : opt[6]
		cin >> (opt + 1);
		if(opt[4] == 'X'){
			int u, v;
			io >> u >> v;
			printf("%d\n", QueryPathMax(u, v));
		}
		else if(opt[4] == 'M'){
			int u, v;
			io >> u >> v;
			printf("%d\n", QueryPathSum(u, v));
		}
		else{
			int x, w;
			io >> x >> w;
			Change(1, 1, n, dfn[x], w); // ! error : dfn[x] not x
		}
	}
	
	return 0;
}

树上操作

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)

#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout) ;

#endif
using namespace std;
struct ios{
	template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
		x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
		for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
		while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
		x *= f;
		return *this;
	}
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a < b ? a : b;
}

const int N = 100007;
struct Edge{
	int nxt, pre;
}e[N << 1];
int head[N], cntEdge;
inline void add(int u, int v){
	e[++cntEdge] = (Edge){ head[u], v}, head[u] = cntEdge;
}

int siz[N], son[N], fa[N], dep[N];
inline void DFS_First(int u, int father){
	fa[u] = father, siz[u] = 1, dep[u] = dep[father] + 1;
	for(register int i = head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt){
		int v = e[i].pre;
		if(v == father) continue;
		DFS_First(v, u);
		siz[u] += siz[v];
		if(!son[u] || siz[v] > siz[son[u]])
			son[u] = v;
	}
}
int dfn[N], dfnIndex, top[N], rnk[N];
inline void DFS_Second(int u, int ancester){
	dfn[u] = ++dfnIndex, top[u] = ancester, rnk[dfnIndex] = u;
	if(!son[u]) return;
	DFS_Second(son[u], ancester);
	for(register int i = head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt){
		int v = e[i].pre;
		if(v != son[u] && v != fa[u])
			DFS_Second(v, v);
	}
}

int n, val[N];

#define lson rt << 1, l, mid
#define rson rt << 1 | 1, mid + 1, r
long long t[N << 2], tag[N << 2];
inline void Pushup(int &rt){
	t[rt] = t[rt << 1] + t[rt << 1 | 1];
}
inline void Pushdown(int &rt, int l, int r){
	if(!tag[rt]) return;
	int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
	tag[rt << 1] += tag[rt];
	tag[rt << 1 | 1] += tag[rt];
	t[rt << 1] += (mid - l + 1) * tag[rt];
	t[rt << 1 | 1] += (r - mid) * tag[rt];
	tag[rt] = 0;
}
inline void Build(int rt, int l, int r){
	if(l == r){
		t[rt] = val[rnk[l]];
		return;
	}
	int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
	Build(lson), Build(rson);
	Pushup(rt);
}
//inline void Change(int rt, int l, int r, int &x, int &w){
//	if(l == r){
//		t[rt] += w;
//		return;
//	}
////	Pushdown(rt, l, r);
//	int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
//	if(mid >= l)
//		Change(lson, x, w);
//	else
//		Change(rson, x, w);
//	Pushup(rt);
//}
inline void Updata(int rt, int l, int r, int L, int R, long long &w){
	if(L <= l && r <= R){
		t[rt] += (r - l + 1) * w;
		tag[rt] += w;
		return;
	}
	Pushdown(rt, l, r);
	int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
	if(mid >= L) Updata(lson, L, R, w);
	if(mid < R) Updata(rson, L, R, w);
	Pushup(rt);
}
inline long long Query(int rt, int l, int r, int &L, int &R){
	if(L <= l && r <= R) return t[rt];
	Pushdown(rt, l, r);
	int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
	long long sum = 0;
	if(mid >= L) sum += Query(lson, L, R);
	if(mid < R) sum += Query(rson, L, R);
	return sum;
}

inline long long QueryPath(int x, int y){
	long long sum = 0;
	while(top[x] != top[y]){
		if(dep[top[x]] < dep[top[y]]) Swap(x, y);
		sum += Query(1, 1, n, dfn[top[x]], dfn[x]);
		x = fa[top[x]];
	}
	if(dep[x] < dep[y]) Swap(x, y);
	return sum + Query(1, 1, n, dfn[y], dfn[x]);
}

// It seems that the bug is from opt 2
int main(){
//FileOpen();
//FileSave();

	int m;
	io >> n >> m;
	R(i,1,n){
		io >> val[i];
	} 
	R(i,2,n){
		int u, v;
		io >> u >> v;
		add(u, v);
		add(v, u);
	}	
	DFS_First(1, 0);
	DFS_Second(1, 1);
	
	Build(1, 1, n);
	
	while(m--){
		int opt;
		io >> opt;
		if(opt == 1){
			int x;
			long long w;
			io >> x >> w;
			//Change(1, 1, n, dfn[x], w);
			/*
				I do not understand. It' s error.
				But if the code below is right.
			*/
			Updata(1, 1, n, dfn[x], dfn[x], w); // use long long
		}
		else if(opt == 2){
			int x;
			long long w;
			io >> x >> w;
			Updata(1, 1, n, dfn[x], dfn[x] + siz[x] - 1, w);
		}
		else{
			int x;
			io >> x;
			printf("%lld\n", QueryPath(1, x));
		}
	}
	
	return 0;
} 
/*
5 999
1 2 3 4 5
1 2
1 4
2 3
2 5
3 3
1 2 1
3 5
3 2
3 3
1 1 9
3 4
3 5

*/
/*
9
4
7
13
18
*/

染色

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
//#define TIME() Debug("\nTime: %.3lfms\n", (double)clock() / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);

#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;

#endif

using namespace std;
struct ios{
	template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
		x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
		for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
		while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
		x *= f;
		return *this;
	}
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a < b ? a : b;
}

const int N = 100007;

int n;
int colorPre[N];

struct Edge{
	int nxt, pre;
}e[N << 1];
int head[N], cntEdge;
inline void add(int u, int v){
	e[++cntEdge] = (Edge){ head[u], v}, head[u] = cntEdge;
}

int son[N], fa[N], siz[N], dep[N];
inline void DFS_First(int u, int father){
	siz[u] = 1, dep[u] = dep[father] + 1, fa[u] = father;
	for(register int i = head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt){
		int v = e[i].pre;
		if(v == father) continue;
		DFS_First(v, u);
		siz[u] += siz[v];
		if(!son[u] || siz[v] > siz[son[u]])
			son[u] = v;
	}
}
int dfn[N], dfnIndex, top[N], rnk[N];
inline void DFS_Second(int u, int TP){
	top[u] = TP, dfn[u] = ++dfnIndex, rnk[dfnIndex] = u;
	if(!son[u]) return;
	DFS_Second(son[u], TP);
	for(register int i = head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt){
		int v = e[i].pre;
		if(v != son[u] && v != fa[u])
			DFS_Second(v, v);
	}
}

#define lson rt << 1, l, mid
#define rson rt << 1 | 1, mid + 1, r
#define ls rt << 1
#define rs rt << 1 | 1
int t[N << 2], tag[N << 2], col[N];
inline void Pushup(int &rt, int &mid){
	t[rt] = t[ls] + t[rs] - (col[mid] == col[mid + 1]);
}
inline void Pushdown(int &rt, int mid){
	tag[ls] = tag[rs] = col[mid] = col[mid + 1] = tag[rt];
	t[ls] = t[rs] = 1;
	tag[rt] = 0;
}
inline void Build(int rt, int l, int r){
	if(l == r){
		t[rt] = 1;
		col[l] = colorPre[rnk[l]];
		return;
	}
	int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
	Build(lson), Build(rson);
	Pushup(rt, mid);
}
inline void Updata(int rt, int l, int r, int &L, int &R, int &w){
	if(L <= l && r <= R){
		t[rt] = 1;
		col[l] = col[r] = tag[rt] = w;
		return;
	}
	int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
	if(tag[rt]) Pushdown(rt, mid);
	if(L <= mid) Updata(lson, L, R, w);
	if(R > mid) Updata(rson, L, R, w);
	Pushup(rt, mid);
}
inline int Query(int rt, int l, int r, int L, int R){
	if(L <= l && r <= R) return t[rt];
	int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
	int sum = 0;
	if(tag[rt]) Pushdown(rt, mid);
	if(L <= mid) sum += Query(lson, L, R);
	if(R > mid) sum += Query(rson, L, R);
	if(L <= mid && R > mid && col[mid] == col[mid + 1]) --sum;
	return sum;
}

inline void PathUpdata(int x, int y, int w){
	while(top[x] != top[y]){
		if(dep[top[x]] < dep[top[y]]) Swap(x, y);
		Updata(1, 1, n, dfn[top[x]], dfn[x], w);
		x = fa[top[x]];
	}
	if(dep[x] < dep[y]) Swap(x, y);
	Updata(1, 1, n, dfn[y], dfn[x], w);
}
inline int PathQuery(int x, int y){
	int sum = 0;
//	while(top[x] != top[y]){
//		if(dep[top[x]] < dep[top[y]]) Swap(x, y);
//		sum += Query(1, 1, n, dfn[top[x]], dfn[x]);
//		if(col[dfn[top[x]]] == col[dfn[fa[top[x]]]]) --sum;
//		x = fa[top[x]];
//	}
//	if(dep[x] < dep[y]) Swap(x, y);
//	sum += Query(1, 1, n, dfn[y], dfn[x]);
/*
	Though it seems will be quicker in this way, but it cannot really count the real parts with the same color.
*/
	int tmpX = x, tmpY = y;
    while(top[x] != top[y]) {
        if(dep[top[x]] < dep[top[y]]) swap(x, y);
        sum += Query(1, 1, n, dfn[top[x]], dfn[x]);
        x = fa[top[x]];
    }
    if(dep[x] < dep[y]) swap(x, y);
    sum += Query(1, 1, n, dfn[y], dfn[x]);
    x = tmpX, y = tmpY;
    while(top[x] != top[y]) {
        if(dep[top[x]] < dep[top[y]]) swap(x, y);
        if(col[dfn[top[x]]] == col[dfn[fa[top[x]]]]) --sum;
        x = fa[top[x]];
    }
	return sum;
}

int main(){
//FileOpen();
//FileSave();

	int m;
	io >> n >> m;
	R(i,1,n) io >> colorPre[i];
	R(i,2,n){
		int u, v;
		io >> u >> v;
		add(u, v);
		add(v, u);
	}
	DFS_First(1, 0);
	DFS_Second(1, 1);
	Build(1, 1, n);
	char opt[13];
	while(m--){
		int l, r;
		scanf("%s", opt + 1);
		io >> l >> r;
		if(opt[1] == 'C'){
			int newColor;
			io >> newColor;
			PathUpdata(l, r, newColor);
		}
		else{
			printf("%d\n", PathQuery(l, r));
		}
	}
	
//	TIME();
	
	return 0;
}

「SDOI2014」旅行

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))

//#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
//#define TIME() Debug("\nTime: %.3lfms\n", (double)clock() / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);

#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;

#endif

using namespace std;
struct ios{
	template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
		x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
		for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
		while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
		x *= f;
		return *this;
	}
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a < b ? a : b;
}

const int N = 100007;

int n;

struct Edge{
	int nxt, pre;
}e[N << 1];
int head[N], cntEdge;
inline void add(int u, int v){
	e[++cntEdge] = (Edge){ head[u], v}, head[u] = cntEdge;
}

int val[N], faith[N];
int siz[N], son[N], fa[N], dep[N];
inline void DFS_First(int u, int father){
	dep[u] = dep[father] + 1, fa[u] = father, siz[u] = 1;
	for(register int i = head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt){
		int v = e[i].pre;
		if(v == father) continue;
		DFS_First(v, u);
		siz[u] += siz[v];
		if(!son[u] || siz[v] > siz[son[u]])
			son[u] = v;
	}
}
int dfn[N], dfnIndex, top[N];
inline void DFS_Second(int u, int TP){
	dfn[u] = ++dfnIndex, top[u] = TP;
	if(!son[u]) return;
	DFS_Second(son[u], TP);
	for(register int i = head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt){
		int v = e[i].pre;
		if(v != fa[u] && v != son[u])
			DFS_Second(v, v);
	}
}

#define lson t[rt].l, l, mid
#define rson t[rt].r, mid + 1, r
#define ls t[rt].l
#define rs t[rt].r
struct Tree{
	long long sum;
	int l, r, mx;
}t[N * 300];
int treeIndex, T[N];
inline void Pushup(int &rt){
	t[rt].sum = t[ls].sum + t[rs].sum;
//	D_e(t[dfn[3]].sum);
//	D_e(rt);
	t[rt].mx = max(t[ls].mx, t[rs].mx);
}
inline void Change(int &rt, int l, int r, int &x, int w){ // !
	if(!rt){
		rt = ++treeIndex;
		t[rt].sum = t[rt].mx = t[rt].l = t[rt].r = 0;
	}
	if(l == r){
		t[rt].sum = t[rt].mx = w;
		return;
	}
	int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
	if(mid >= x)
		Change(lson, x, w);
	else
		Change(rson, x, w);
	Pushup(rt);
}
inline int QueryMax(int rt, int l, int r, int L, int R){
	if(L <= l && r <= R) return t[rt].mx;
	if(!rt) return 0;
	int mid = (l + r) >> 1, maxx = -0x7fffffff;
	if(mid >= L) maxx = max(maxx, QueryMax(lson, L, R));
	if(mid < R) maxx = max(maxx, QueryMax(rson, L, R));
	return maxx;
}
inline long long QuerySum(int rt, int l, int r, int L, int R){
	if(L <= l && r <= R) return t[rt].sum;
	if(!rt) return 0;
	int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
	long long sum = 0;
	if(mid >= L) sum += QuerySum(lson, L, R);
	if(mid < R) sum += QuerySum(rson, L, R);
	return sum;
}

inline long long PathQuerySum(int x, int y, int &belief){
	long long sum = 0;
	//D_e(top[x]), D_e(top[y]);
	while(top[x] != top[y]){
		//D_e_Line;
		if(dep[top[x]] < dep[top[y]]) Swap(x, y);
		sum += QuerySum(T[belief], 1, n, dfn[top[x]], dfn[x]);
		x = fa[top[x]];
	}
	if(dep[x] < dep[y]) Swap(x, y); // ! OH, shittttttttttttttttttttttt
	return sum + QuerySum(T[belief], 1, n, dfn[y], dfn[x]);
}
inline int PathQueryMax(int x, int y, int &belief){
	int maxx = -0x7fffffff;
	while(top[x] != top[y]){
		if(dep[top[x]] < dep[top[y]]) Swap(x, y);
		maxx = max(maxx, QueryMax(T[belief], 1, n, dfn[top[x]], dfn[x]));
		x = fa[top[x]];
	}
	if(dep[x] < dep[y]) Swap(x, y);
	return max(maxx, QueryMax(T[belief], 1, n, dfn[y], dfn[x]));
}

int main(){
//FileOpen();

	int m;
	io >> n >> m;
	R(i,1,n){
		io >> val[i] >> faith[i];
	}
	
	R(i,2,n){
		int u, v;
		io >> u >> v;
		add(u, v);
		add(v, u);
	}
	
	DFS_First(1, 0);
	DFS_Second(1, 1);
	R(i,1,n) Change(T[faith[i]], 1, n, dfn[i], val[i]);
//	R(i,1,n){
//		D_e(t[dfn[i]].sum);
//	}
	while(m--){
		char opt[13];
		int x, y;
		scanf("%s", opt + 1);
		io >> x >> y;
		if(opt[2] == 'S'){
			printf("%lld\n", PathQuerySum(x, y, faith[y]));
		}
		else if(opt[2] == 'C'){
			Change(T[faith[x]], 1, n, dfn[x], 0);
			faith[x] = y; // !
			Change(T[faith[x]], 1, n, dfn[x], val[x]); // !
		}
		else if(opt[2] == 'W'){
			Change(T[faith[x]], 1, n, dfn[x], y);
			val[x] = y;
		}
		else{
			printf("%d\n", PathQueryMax(x, y, faith[y]));
		}
	}
//	TIME();
	return 0;
}

线段树

最大数

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)

#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;

#endif
using namespace std;
struct ios{
	template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
		x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
		for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
		while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
		x *= f;
		return *this;
	}
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a < b ? a : b;
}

const int N = 200007;
const int M = 200000;

int n;

#define lson rt << 1, l, mid
#define rson rt << 1 | 1, mid + 1, r
int t[N << 2];
inline void Pushup(int rt){
	t[rt] = max(t[rt << 1], t[rt << 1 | 1]);
}
inline void Updata(int rt, int l, int r, int L, int R, long long w){
	if(L <= l && r <= R){
		t[rt] += w;
		return;
	}
	int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
	if(mid >= L) Updata(lson, L, R, w);
	if(mid < R) Updata(rson, L, R, w);
	Pushup(rt);
}
inline long long Query(int rt, int l, int r, int L, int &R){
	if(L <= l && r <= R) return t[rt];
	int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
	long long maxx = -0x7fffffff;
	if(mid >= L) maxx = max(maxx, Query(lson, L, R));
	if(mid < R) maxx = max(maxx, Query(rson, L, R));
	return maxx;
}

int main(){
	int mod, m;
	long long lastAns = 0;
	io >> m >> mod;
	while(m--){
		char opt[13];
		scanf("%s", opt + 1);
		if(opt[1] == 'A'){
			int x;
			io >> x;
			++n;
			Updata(1, 1, N, n, n, (x % mod + lastAns) % mod);
		}
		else{
			int L;
			io >> L;
			lastAns = Query(1, 1, N, n - L + 1, n);
			printf("%lld\n", lastAns);
		}
		
	}
	return 0;
} 

维护序列

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)

#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;

#endif
using namespace std;
struct ios{
	template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
		x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
		for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
		while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
		x *= f;
		return *this;
	}
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a < b ? a : b;
}

const int N = 100007;

int n;
int mod;

#define lson rt << 1, l, mid
#define rson rt << 1 | 1, mid + 1, r
long long t[N << 2], add[N << 2], mul[N << 2];
inline void Pushup(int &rt){
	t[rt] = (t[rt << 1] + t[rt << 1 | 1]) % mod;
}
inline void Pushdown(int &rt, int &l, int &r){
	int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
	t[rt << 1] = (t[rt << 1] * mul[rt] + add[rt] * (mid - l + 1) % mod) % mod;
	t[rt << 1 | 1] = (t[rt << 1 | 1] * mul[rt] + add[rt] * (r - mid) % mod) % mod;
	mul[rt << 1] = (mul[rt << 1] * mul[rt]) % mod;
	mul[rt << 1 | 1] = (mul[rt << 1 | 1] * mul[rt]) % mod;
	add[rt << 1] = (add[rt << 1] * mul[rt] + add[rt]) % mod;
	add[rt << 1 | 1] = (add[rt << 1 | 1] * mul[rt] + add[rt]) % mod;
	mul[rt] = 1, add[rt] = 0;
}
inline void Build(int rt, int l, int r){
	mul[rt] = 1;
	if(l == r){
		io >> t[rt];
		return;
	}
	int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
	Build(lson), Build(rson);
	Pushup(rt);
}
inline void UpdataAdd(int rt, int l, int r, int L, int R, int w){
	if(L <= l && r <= R){
		t[rt] = (t[rt] + (r - l + 1) * w % mod) % mod;
		add[rt] = (add[rt] + w) % mod;
		return;
	}
	if(add[rt] || mul[rt] != 1) Pushdown(rt, l, r);
	int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
	if(L <= mid) UpdataAdd(lson, L, R, w);
	if(R > mid) UpdataAdd(rson, L, R, w);
	Pushup(rt);
}
inline void UpdataMul(int rt, int l, int r, int L, int R, int w){
	if(L <= l && r <= R){
		t[rt] = t[rt] * w % mod;
		add[rt] = add[rt] * w % mod;
		mul[rt] = mul[rt] * w % mod;
		return;
	}
	if(add[rt] || mul[rt] != 1) Pushdown(rt, l, r);
	int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
	if(L <= mid) UpdataMul(lson, L, R, w);
	if(R > mid) UpdataMul(rson, L, R, w);
	Pushup(rt);
}
inline long long Query(int rt, int l, int r, int L, int R){
	if(L <= l && r <= R) return t[rt];
	if(add[rt] || mul[rt] != 1) Pushdown(rt, l, r);
	int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
	long long sum = 0;
	if(L <= mid) sum = (sum + Query(lson, L, R)) % mod;
	if(R > mid) sum = (sum + Query(rson, L, R)) % mod;
	return sum;
}

int main(){
FileOpen();

	int m;
	io >> n >> mod;
	
	Build(1, 1, n);
	
	io >> m;
	while(m--){
		int opt;
		io >> opt;
		if(opt == 1){
			int l, r, w;
			io >> l >> r >> w;
			UpdataMul(1, 1, n, l, r, w);
		}
		else if(opt == 2){
			int l, r, w;
			io >> l >> r >> w;
			UpdataAdd(1, 1, n, l, r, w);			
		}
		else{
			int l, r;
			io >> l >> r;
			printf("%lld\n", (Query(1, 1, n, l, r) + mod) % mod);
		}
	}
	
	return 0;
}

树状数组

校门外的树

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
//#define TIME() Debug("\nTime: %.3lfms\n", (double)clock() / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);

#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;

#endif

using namespace std;
struct ios{
	template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
		x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
		for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
		while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
		x *= f;
		return *this;
	}
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a < b ? a : b;
}

const int N = 50007;

int n;

int L[N], R[N];
inline void Updata(int *t, int x){
	for(; x <= n; x += x & -x) ++t[x];
}
inline int Query(int *t, int x){
	int sum = 0;
	for(; x; x -= x & -x) sum += t[x];
	return sum;
}

int main(){
	int m;
	io >> n >> m;
	while(m--){
		int opt, l, r;
		io >> opt >> l >> r;
		if(opt == 1){
			Updata(L, l);
			Updata(R, r);
		}
		else{
			printf("%d\n", Query(L, r) - Query(R, l - 1));
		}
	}
	
	return 0;
}

简单题

线段树打错了

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
//#define TIME() Debug("\nTime: %.3lfms\n", (double)clock() / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);

#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;

#endif

using namespace std;
struct ios{
	template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
		x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
		for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
		while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
		x *= f;
		return *this;
	}
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a < b ? a : b;
}

const int N = 100007;

int t[N], n;
inline void Updata(int x){
	for(; x <= n; x += x & -x) t[x] ^= 1;
}
inline int Query(int x){
	int sum = 0;
	for(; x; x -= x & -x) sum ^= t[x];
	return sum;
}
int main(){
//FileOpen();

	int m;
	io >> n >> m;
	while(m--){
		int opt;
		io >> opt;
		if(opt == 1){
			int l, r;
			io >> l >> r;
			Updata(l);
			Updata(r + 1);
		}
		else{
			int x;
			io >> x;
			printf("%d\n", Query(x));
		}
	}
	return 0;
}
/*
#include "Head.cpp"

const int N = 100007;

int n;
#define lson rt << 1, l, mid
#define rson rt << 1 | 1, mid + 1, r
#define ls rt << 1
#define rs rt << 1 | 1
int t[N << 2], tag[N << 2];
inline void Pushup(int &rt){
	t[rt] = t[ls] + t[rs];
}
inline void Pushdown(int &rt, int l, int r, int mid){
	tag[ls] ^= 1;
	tag[rs] ^= 1;
	t[ls] =  -t[ls] + mid - l + 1;
	t[rs] = -t[rs] + r - mid;
	tag[rt] = 0;
}
inline void Updata(int rt, int l, int r, int L, int R){
	if(L <= l && r <= R){
		t[rt] = -t[rt] + r - l + 1;
		tag[rt] ^= 1;
		return;
	}
	int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
	if(tag[rt]) Pushdown(rt, l, r, mid);
	if(L <= mid) Updata(lson, L, R);
	if(R > mid) Updata(rson, L, R);
	Pushup(rt);
}
inline int Query(int rt, int l, int r, int L, int R){
	if(L <= l && r <= R) return t[rt];
	int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
	if(tag[rt]) Pushdown(rt, l, r, mid);
	int sum = 0;
	if(L <= mid) sum += Query(lson, L, R);
	if(R > mid) sum += Query(rson, L, R);
	Pushup(rt);
}
int main(){
FileOpen();
	int m;
	io >> n >> m;
	while(m--){
		int opt;
		io >> opt;
		if(opt == 1){
			int l, r;
			io >> l >> r;
			Updata(1, 1, n, l, r);
		}
		else{
			int x;
			io >> x;
			printf("%d\n", Query(1, 1, n, x, x) - Query(1, 1, n, x - 1, x - 1));
		}
	}
	return 0;
}
*/

单点修改，区间查询 1

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
//#define TIME() Debug("\nTime: %.3lfms\n", (double)clock() / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);

#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;

#endif

using namespace std;
struct ios{
	template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
		x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
		for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
		while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
		x *= f;
		return *this;
	}
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a < b ? a : b;
}

const int N = 1000007;

#define int long long
int n, t[N];
inline void Updata(int x, int w){
	for(; x <= n; x += x & -x) t[x] += w;
}
inline int Query(int x){
	int sum = 0;
	for(; x; x -= x & -x) sum += t[x];
	return sum;
}
#undef int
int main(){
#define int long long
//FileOpen();
//FileSave();
	int m;
	io >> n >> m;
	++n;
	R(i,2,n){
		int w;
		io >> w;
		Updata(i, w);
	}
	while(m--){
		int opt;
		io >> opt;
		if(opt == 1){
			int x, w;
			io >> x >> w;
			++x;
			Updata(x, w);
			//Updata(x - 1, -w);
		}
		else{
			int l, r;
			io >> l >> r;
			++l, ++r;
			printf("%lld\n", Query(r) - Query(l - 1));
		}
	}
	
	return 0;
}

区间修改，单点查询

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))

//#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
//#define TIME() Debug("\nTime: %.3lfms\n", (double)clock() / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);

#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;

char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)


#endif

using namespace std;
struct ios{
	template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
		x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
		for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
		while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
		x *= f;
		return *this;
	}
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a < b ? a : b;
}

const int N = 1000007;


#define int long long
int n, t[N];
inline void Updata(int x, int w){
	for(; x <= n; x += x & -x) t[x] += w;
}
inline int Query(int x){
	int sum = 0;
	for(; x; x -= x & -x) sum += t[x];
	return sum;
}

#undef int
int main(){
#define int long long
//FileOpen();
//FileSave();
	int m;
	io >> n >> m;
	int last = 0;
	R(i,1,n){
		int w;
		io >> w;
		Updata(i, w - last);
		last = w;
	}
	while(m--){
		int opt;
		io >> opt;
		if(opt == 1){
			int l, r, w;
			io >> l >> r >> w;
			Updata(l, w);
			Updata(r + 1, -w);
			//Updata(x - 1, -w);
		}
		else{
			int x;
			io >> x;
			printf("%lld\n", Query(x));
		}
	}
	
	return 0;
}

二维树状数组 1：单点修改，区间查询

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
//#define TIME() Debug("\nTime: %.3lfms\n", (double)clock() / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);

#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;

#endif

using namespace std;
struct ios{
	template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
		x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
		for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
		while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
		x *= f;
		return *this;
	}
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a < b ? a : b;
}

const int N = 4507;
#define int long long
int n, m;

int t[N][N];
inline void Updata(int x, int y, int w){
	for(; x <= n; x += x & -x)
		for(register int i = y; i <= m; i += i & -i)
			t[x][i] += w;
}
inline int Query(int x, int y){
	int sum = 0;
	for(; x; x -= x & -x)
		for(register int i = y; i; i -= i & -i)
			sum += t[x][i];
	//D_e(sum);
	return sum;
}
#undef int
int main(){
#define int long long
	io >> n >> m;
	int opt;
	++n, ++m;
	while(~scanf("%lld", &opt)){
		if(opt == 1){
			int x, y, w;
			io >> x >> y >> w;
			++x, ++y;
			Updata(x, y, w);
		}
		else{
			int a, b, c, d;
			io >> a >> b >> c >> d;
//			a,b   c,b
//			a,d	  c,d
			++a, ++b, ++c, ++d;
			printf("%lld\n", -Query(a - 1, d) - Query(c, b - 1) + Query(a - 1, b - 1) + Query(c, d));
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

平衡树

营业额统计

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);

#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;

#endif

using namespace std;
struct ios{
	template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
		x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
		for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
		while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
		x *= f;
		return *this;
	}
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP abs(ATP &a){
	return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}


const int N = 65547;

#define ls(rt) t[rt].ch[0]
#define rs(rt) t[rt].ch[1]
#define fa(rt) t[rt].fa
struct Tree{
	int ch[2], fa, val, tot, siz;
}t[N];
int treeIndex, root;
inline void Pushup(int rt){
	t[rt].siz = t[t[rt].ch[0]].siz + t[t[rt].ch[1]].siz + t[rt].tot;
}
inline int Ident(int rt){
	return rt == t[t[rt].fa].ch[1];
}
inline void Rotate(int x){
	int y = t[x].fa, z = t[y].fa, k = Ident(x);
	t[z].ch[Ident(y)] = x, t[x].fa = z;
	t[y].ch[k] = t[x].ch[k ^ 1], t[t[x].ch[k ^ 1]].fa = y;
	t[x].ch[k ^ 1] = y, t[y].fa = x;
	Pushup(y), Pushup(x);
}
inline void Splay(int x, int pos){
	while(t[x].fa != pos){
		int y = t[x].fa, z = t[y].fa;
		if(z != pos){
			Ident(x) == Ident(y) ? Rotate(y) : Rotate(x);
		}
		Rotate(x);
	}
	if(!pos) root = x;
}
inline void Find(int x){
	int u = root;
	if(!u) return;
	while(t[u].ch[x > t[u].val] && t[u].val != x) u = t[u].ch[x > t[u].val];
	Splay(u, 0);
}
inline void Insert(int x){
	int u = root, fa = 0;
	while(u && t[u].val != x){
		fa = u;
		u = t[u].ch[x > t[u].val];
	}
	if(u){
		++t[u].tot;
	}
	else{
		u = ++treeIndex;
		t[u].fa = fa;
		t[u].val = x;
		t[u].siz = t[u].tot = 1;
		t[u].ch[0] = t[u].ch[1] = 0;
		if(fa) t[fa].ch[x > t[fa].val] = u;
	}
	Splay(u, 0);
}
inline int Next(int x, int type){
	Find(x);
	int u = root;
	if(t[u].val >= x && type) return u;
	if(t[u].val <= x && !type) return u;
	u = t[u].ch[type];
	while(t[u].ch[type ^ 1]) u = t[u].ch[type ^ 1];
	return u;
}


int main(){
	int n;
	io >> n;
	Insert(1e9);
	Insert(-1e9);
	int ans;
	io >> ans;
	Insert(ans);
	//D_e(ans);
	R(i,2,n){
		int x;
		io >> x;
		ans += min(abs(t[Next(x, 0)].val - x), abs(t[Next(x, 1)].val - x));
		Insert(x);
	}
	printf("%d", ans);
	return 0;
}

宠物收养所

#pragma GCC optimize(3)
#pragma GCC optimize(2)
#pragma -fcrossjumping
#pragma -fdefer-pop
#pragma -fmerge-constans
#pragma -fthread-jumps
#pragma -floop-optimize
#pragma -fif-conversion
#pragma -fif-conversion2
#pragma -fdelayed-branch
#pragma -fguess-branch-probability
#pragma -fcprop-registers
#pragma -fforce-mem
#pragma -foptimize-sibling-calls
#pragma -fstrength-reduce
#pragma -fgcse
#pragma -fcse-follow-jumps
#pragma -frerun-cse-after-loop
#pragma -fdelete-null-pointer-checks
#pragma -fextensive-optimizations
#pragma -fregmove
#pragma -fschedule-insns
#pragma -fsched-interblock
#pragma -fcaller-saves
#pragma -fpeephole2
#pragma -freorder-blocks
#pragma -fstrict-aliasing
#pragma -funit-at-a-time
#pragma -falign-functions
#pragma -fcrossjumping
#pragma -finline-functions
#pragma -fweb
#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);

#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;
char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)

#endif

using namespace std;
struct ios{
	template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
		x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
		for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
		while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
		x *= f;
		return *this;
	}
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP abs(ATP &a){
	return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}

#define int long long 
const int mod = 1000000;
const int N = 100007;

struct Tree{
	int ch[2], fa, val, siz;
}t[N];
int treeIndex, root;
inline void Pushup(int &rt){
	t[rt].siz = t[t[rt].ch[0]].siz + t[t[rt].ch[1]].siz + 1;
}
inline int Ident(int &rt){
	return rt == t[t[rt].fa].ch[1];
}
inline void Rotate(int x){
	int y = t[x].fa, z = t[y].fa, k = Ident(x);
	t[z].ch[Ident(y)] = x, t[x].fa = z,
	t[y].ch[k] = t[x].ch[k ^ 1], t[t[x].ch[k ^ 1]].fa = y,
	t[x].ch[k ^ 1] = y, t[y].fa = x,
	Pushup(y), Pushup(x);
}
inline void Splay(int x, int pos){
	while(t[x].fa != pos){
		int y = t[x].fa, z = t[y].fa;	
		if(z != pos){ 
			Ident(x) == Ident(y) ? Rotate(y) : Rotate(x); 
		}
		Rotate(x);
	}
	if(!pos) root = x; 
}
inline void Find(int x){
	int u = root;
	if(!u) return;
	while(t[u].ch[x > t[u].val] && t[u].val != x) u = t[u].ch[x > t[u].val];
	Splay(u, 0);
}
inline void Insert(int x){
	int u = root, fa = 0;
	while(u && t[u].val != x){
		fa = u,
		u = t[u].ch[x > t[u].val];
	}
	u = ++treeIndex,
	t[u].val = x,
	t[u].siz = 1,
	t[u].fa = fa,
	t[u].ch[0] = t[u].ch[1] = 0;
	if(fa) t[fa].ch[x > t[fa].val] = u;
	Splay(u, 0);
}
inline int Next(int x, int type){
	Find(x);
	int u = root;
	if(t[u].val < x && !type) return u;
	if(t[u].val > x && type) return u;
	/*
		if write <= or >=, it may RE in Splay()
	*/
	u = t[u].ch[type];
	while(t[u].ch[type ^ 1]) u = t[u].ch[type ^ 1];
	return u;
}
inline void Delete(int x){
	int pre = Next(x, 0), nxt = Next(x, 1);
	Splay(pre, 0), Splay(nxt, pre);
	t[nxt].ch[0] = 0;
}

#undef int
int main(){
#define int long long
//FileOpen();

	int n;
	io >> n;
	int store = 0, ans = 0, opt, x;
	Insert(2147483647);
	Insert(-2147483647);
	R(i,1,n){
		io >> opt >> x;
		if(store == 0) Insert(x);
		else if(store > 0){ // pet
			if(opt == 0){
				Insert(x);
			}
			else{
				int pre = Next(x, 1), nxt = Next(x, 0);
				if(abs(t[nxt].val - x) <= abs(t[pre].val - x)){
					ans = (ans + abs(t[nxt].val - x)) % mod,
					Delete(t[nxt].val);
				}
				else{
					ans = (ans + abs(t[pre].val - x)) % mod,
					Delete(t[pre].val);
				}
			}
		}
		else{ // people
			if(opt == 1){
				Insert(x);
			}
			else{
				int pre = Next(x, 1), nxt = Next(x, 0);
				if(abs(t[nxt].val - x) <= abs(t[pre].val - x)){
					ans = (ans + abs(t[nxt].val - x)) % mod,
					Delete(t[nxt].val);
				}
				else{
					ans = (ans + abs(t[pre].val - x)) % mod,
					Delete(t[pre].val);
				}
			}
		}
		store += (opt == 0 ? 1 : -1);
	}
	printf("%lld", ans);
	return 0;
}
/*
5
0 2
0 4
1 3
1 2
1 5
*/

郁闷的出纳员

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long

//#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);

#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;
char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)

#endif

using namespace std;
struct ios{
	template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
		x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
		for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
		while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
		x *= f;
		return *this;
	}
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP abs(ATP &a){
	return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}


const int N = 100007;

int minLimit, totLeave;
struct Treap{
	int ch[2], fa, val, tot, siz;
}t[N];
int root, treeIndex;
inline void Pushup(int &rt){
	t[rt].siz = t[t[rt].ch[0]].siz + t[t[rt].ch[1]].siz + t[rt].tot;
}
inline int Ident(int &rt){
	return rt == t[t[rt].fa].ch[1];
} 
inline void Rotate(int x){
	int y = t[x].fa, z = t[y].fa, k = Ident(x);
	t[z].ch[Ident(y)] = x, t[x].fa = z;
	t[y].ch[k] = t[x].ch[k ^ 1], t[t[x].ch[k ^ 1]].fa = y;
	t[x].ch[k ^ 1] = y, t[y].fa = x;
	Pushup(y), Pushup(x);
}
inline void Splay(int x, int pos){
	while(t[x].fa != pos){
		int y = t[x].fa, z = t[y].fa;
		if(z != pos){
			Ident(x) == Ident(y) ? Rotate(y) : Rotate(x);
		}
		Rotate(x);
	}
	if(!pos) root = x; //!!!!
}
inline void Find(int x){
	int u = root;
	if(!u) return;
	while(t[u].val != x && t[u].ch[x > t[u].val]) u = t[u].ch[x > t[u].val];
	Splay(u, 0);
}
inline void Insert(int x){
	if(x < minLimit) return;
	int u = root, fa = 0;
	while(u && t[u].val != x){
		fa = u;
		u = t[u].ch[x > t[u].val];
	}
	if(u){
		++t[u].tot;
	}
	else{
		u = ++treeIndex;
		t[u].val = x;
		t[u].siz = t[u].tot = 1;
		t[u].ch[0] = t[u].ch[1] = 0;
		t[u].fa = fa;
		if(fa) t[fa].ch[x > t[fa].val] = u; //!!
	}
	Splay(u, 0);
} 
inline void Add(int w){
	R(i,1,treeIndex) t[i].val += w;
}
inline void Sub(int w){
	R(i,1,treeIndex) t[i].val -= w;
}
inline int Next(int x){
	Find(x);
	int u = root;
	if(t[u].val >= x) return u;
	u = t[u].ch[1];
	while(t[u].ch[0]) u = t[u].ch[0];
	return u;
}
inline void Remove(int x){
	int rt = Next(x + minLimit);
	Splay(rt, 0);
	totLeave += t[t[rt].ch[0]].siz;
	t[rt].ch[0] = 0;
	Pushup(rt);
	Sub(x);
}
inline int Kth(int x){
	int u = root;
	if(t[u].siz < x) return -1;
	while(1){
		int v = t[u].ch[1];
		if(t[v].siz + t[u].tot < x){
			x -= t[v].siz + t[u].tot;
			u = t[u].ch[0];
		}
		else if(x <= t[v].siz){
			u = v;
		}
		else
			return t[u].val;
	}
}

int main(){
FileOpen();
FileSave();

	int m;
    io >> m >> minLimit;
	Insert(2147483647);
	Insert(-2147483647);
    while(m --){
		char opt = getchar();
		while(opt != 'I' && opt != 'S' && opt != 'A' && opt != 'F') opt = getchar();
		int x;
        io >> x;
        if(opt == 'I'){
        	Insert(x);
        }
        else if(opt == 'A'){
        	Add(x);
        }
        else if(opt == 'S'){
        	Remove(x);
        }
        else{
        	printf("%d\n", Kth(x + 1));
        }
    }
    
    printf("%d", totLeave);
    return 0;
}

普通平衡树

FHQ Treap

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);

#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;
char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)

#endif

using namespace std;
struct ios{
	template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
		x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
		for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
		while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
		x *= f;
		return *this;
	}
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP abs(ATP &a){
	return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}

#include <ctime>

const int N = 100007;

struct FHQ{
	int ch[2], val, siz, rnd, tot;
}t[N];
int root, treeIndex;
inline void Pushup(int &rt){
	t[rt].siz = t[t[rt].ch[0]].siz + t[t[rt].ch[1]].siz + t[rt].tot;
}
inline int NewNode(int x){
	++treeIndex;
	t[treeIndex].siz = t[treeIndex].tot = 1;
	t[treeIndex].val = x;
	t[treeIndex].rnd = rand();
	return treeIndex;
}
inline int Merge(int x, int y){
	if(!x || !y) return x | y;
	if(t[x].rnd < t[y].rnd){
		t[x].ch[1] = Merge(t[x].ch[1], y);
		Pushup(x);
		return x;
	}
	else{
		t[y].ch[0] = Merge(x, t[y].ch[0]);
		Pushup(y);
		return y;
	}
}
inline void Split(int u, int w, int &x, int &y){
	if(!u)
		x = y = 0;
	else{
		if(t[u].val <= w){
			x = u;
			Split(t[u].ch[1], w, t[u].ch[1], y);
		}
		else{
			y = u;
			Split(t[u].ch[0], w, x, t[u].ch[0]);
		}
		Pushup(u);
	}
}
inline int Kth(int u, int K){
	while(1){
		int v = t[u].ch[0];
		if(t[v].siz + t[u].tot < K){
			K -= t[v].siz + t[u].tot;
			u = t[u].ch[1];
		}
		else if(K <= t[v].siz){
			u = v;
		}
		else
			return u;
	}
}

int main(){
//FileOpen();

	srand((unsigned)time(NULL));
	int m;
	io >> m;
	int root = 0, x, y, z;
	int opt, a;
	while(m--){
		io >> opt >> a;
		if(opt == 1){
			Split(root, a, x, y);;
			root = Merge(Merge(x, NewNode(a)), y);
		}
		else if(opt == 2){
			Split(root, a, x, z);
			Split(x, a - 1, x, y);
			y = Merge(t[y].ch[0], t[y].ch[1]);
			root = Merge(Merge(x, y), z);
		}
		else if(opt == 3){
			Split(root, a - 1, x, y);
			printf("%d\n", t[x].siz + 1);
			root = Merge(x, y);
		}
		else if(opt == 4){
			printf("%d\n", t[Kth(root, a)].val);
		} 
		else if(opt == 5){
			Split(root, a - 1, x, y);
			printf("%d\n", t[Kth(x, t[x].siz)].val);
			root = Merge(x, y);
		}
		else{
			Split(root, a, x, y);
			printf("%d\n", t[Kth(y, 1)].val);
			root = Merge(x, y);
		}
	}
	
	return 0;
}

Splay

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long

//#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);

#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;
char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)

#endif

using namespace std;
struct ios{
	template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
		x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
		for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
		while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
		x *= f;
		return *this;
	}
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP abs(ATP &a){
	return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}


const int N = 100007;

int minLimit, totLeave;
struct Treap{
	int ch[2], fa, val, tot, siz;
}t[N];
int root, treeIndex;
inline void Pushup(int &rt){
	t[rt].siz = t[t[rt].ch[0]].siz + t[t[rt].ch[1]].siz + t[rt].tot;
}
inline int Ident(int &rt){
	return rt == t[t[rt].fa].ch[1];
} 
inline void Rotate(int x){
	int y = t[x].fa, z = t[y].fa, k = Ident(x);
	t[z].ch[Ident(y)] = x, t[x].fa = z;
	t[y].ch[k] = t[x].ch[k ^ 1], t[t[x].ch[k ^ 1]].fa = y;
	t[x].ch[k ^ 1] = y, t[y].fa = x;
	Pushup(y), Pushup(x);
}
inline void Splay(int x, int pos){
	while(t[x].fa != pos){
		int y = t[x].fa, z = t[y].fa;
		if(z != pos){
			Ident(x) == Ident(y) ? Rotate(y) : Rotate(x);
		}
		Rotate(x);
	}
	if(!pos) root = x; //!!!!
}
inline void Find(int x){
	int u = root;
	if(!u) return;
	while(t[u].val != x && t[u].ch[x > t[u].val]) u = t[u].ch[x > t[u].val];
	Splay(u, 0);
}
inline void Insert(int x){
	if(x < minLimit) return;
	int u = root, fa = 0;
	while(u && t[u].val != x){
		fa = u;
		u = t[u].ch[x > t[u].val];
	}
	if(u){
		++t[u].tot;
	}
	else{
		u = ++treeIndex;
		t[u].val = x;
		t[u].siz = t[u].tot = 1;
		t[u].ch[0] = t[u].ch[1] = 0;
		t[u].fa = fa;
		if(fa) t[fa].ch[x > t[fa].val] = u; //!!
	}
	Splay(u, 0);
} 
inline void Add(int w){
	R(i,1,treeIndex) t[i].val += w;
}
inline void Sub(int w){
	R(i,1,treeIndex) t[i].val -= w;
}
inline int Next(int x){
	Find(x);
	int u = root;
	if(t[u].val >= x) return u;
	u = t[u].ch[1];
	while(t[u].ch[0]) u = t[u].ch[0];
	return u;
}
inline void Remove(int x){
	int rt = Next(x + minLimit);
	Splay(rt, 0);
	totLeave += t[t[rt].ch[0]].siz;
	t[rt].ch[0] = 0;
	Pushup(rt);
	Sub(x);
}
inline int Kth(int x){
	int u = root;
	if(t[u].siz < x) return -1;
	while(1){
		int v = t[u].ch[1];
		if(t[v].siz + t[u].tot < x){
			x -= t[v].siz + t[u].tot;
			u = t[u].ch[0];
		}
		else if(x <= t[v].siz){
			u = v;
		}
		else
			return t[u].val;
	}
}

int main(){
FileOpen();
FileSave();

	int m;
    io >> m >> minLimit;
	Insert(2147483647);
	Insert(-2147483647);
    while(m --){
		char opt = getchar();
		while(opt != 'I' && opt != 'S' && opt != 'A' && opt != 'F') opt = getchar();
		int x;
        io >> x;
        if(opt == 'I'){
        	Insert(x);
        }
        else if(opt == 'A'){
        	Add(x);
        }
        else if(opt == 'S'){
        	Remove(x);
        }
        else{
        	printf("%d\n", Kth(x + 1));
        }
    }
    
    printf("%d", totLeave);
    return 0;
}

暗的连锁

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);

#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;
//char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
//#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)

#endif

using namespace std;
struct ios{
	template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
		x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
		for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
		while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
		x *= f;
		return *this;
	}
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP abs(ATP &a){
	return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}


const int N = 100007;

int n;

struct Edge{
	int nxt, pre;
}e[N << 1];
int head[N], cntEdge;
inline void add(int u, int v){
	e[++cntEdge] = (Edge){ head[u], v}, head[u] = cntEdge;
}

int top[N], dep[N], fa[N], son[N], siz[N]; 
inline void DFS_First(int u, int father){
	dep[u] = dep[father] + 1, fa[u] = father, siz[u] = 1;
	for(register int i = head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt){
		int v = e[i].pre;
		if(v == father) continue;
		DFS_First(v, u);
		siz[u] += siz[v];
		if(!son[u] || siz[v] > siz[son[u]]) son[u] = v;
	}
}
inline void DFS_Second(int u, int TP){
	top[u] = TP;
	if(!son[u]) return;
	DFS_Second(son[u], TP);
	for(register int i = head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt){
		int v = e[i].pre;
		if(v != fa[u] && v != son[u])
			DFS_Second(v, v);
	}
}
inline int LCA(int x, int y){
	while(top[x] != top[y]){
		if(dep[top[x]] < dep[top[y]]) Swap(x, y);
		x = fa[top[x]];
	}
	return dep[x] < dep[y] ? x : y;
}

long long ans;
int sum[N], m;
inline void DFS_Ans(int u){
	for(register int i = head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt){
		int v = e[i].pre;
		if(v == fa[u]) continue;
		DFS_Ans(v);
		sum[u] += sum[v];
		if(sum[v] == 0){
			ans += m;
		}
		else if(sum[v] == 1){
			++ans;
		}
		/*
			Since the edge weight is delegated to the point weight, the
			contribution of u to the answer can not be counted directly
			in the back. Otherwise, the root will affect the result.
		*/
	}
}
int main(){
//FileOpen();

	io >> n >> m;
	R(i,2,n){
		int u, v;
		io >> u >> v;
		add(u, v);
		add(v, u);
	}	
	
	DFS_First(1, 0);
	DFS_Second(1, 1);
	
	R(i,1,m){
		int u, v;
		io >> u >> v;
		++sum[u], ++sum[v];
		sum[LCA(u, v)] -=2;
	}
	
	DFS_Ans(1);
	
	printf("%lld", ans);
	return 0;
}

区间DP

凸多边形的划分

莫名RE ing...

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#include <climits>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);

#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;
//char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
//#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)

#endif

using namespace std;
struct ios{
	template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
		x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
		for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
		while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
		x *= f;
		return *this;
	}
}io;

int n, a[107];
struct BIGN {
	const static int LEN = 10, base = 1000000000;
    int a[11];

    BIGN(int b = 0) {
        Fill(a, 0);
        a[LEN] = b;
        //R(i,0,10) if(a[i]) D_e(a[i]);
    }

    void InitMax(){
    	R(i,1,LEN) a[i] = INT_MAX;
	}

    BIGN operator + (const BIGN &b){
    	BIGN s;
    	int c = 0;
    	nR(i,LEN,1){
    		s.a[i] = b.a[i] + a[i] + c;
    		c = s.a[i] / base;
    		s.a[i] %= base;
		}
		return s;
	}

    BIGN operator * (int b){
    	BIGN s;
    	int c = 0;
    	nR(i,LEN,1){
    		long long t = a[i] * b + c;
    		s.a[i] = t % base;
    		c = t / base;
		}
		return s;
	}

    bool operator < (const BIGN &b) const {
        R(i,1,LEN){
        	if(a[i] != b.a[i])
        		return a[i] < b.a[i];
		} 
        return 0;
    }

    void print(){
    	int flag = 0;
    	R(i,1,LEN){
    		//D_e(a[i]);
    		if(flag){
    			printf("%09d", a[i]);
			}
			else if(a[i]){
				printf("%d", a[i]);
				flag = 1;
			}
		}
	}

}f[107][107], ans;

int main(){
//FileOpen();
	int n;
	io >> n;
	R(i,1,n){
		io >> a[i];
		a[n + i] = a[i];
	}
	
	int m = n << 1;
	R(len,2,n){
		R(l,1,m){
			int r = l + len;
			f[l][r].InitMax();
			R(k,l + 1,r - 1){
				BIGN tmp = f[l][k] + f[k][r] + (1ll * a[l] * a[k] * a[r]);
				f[l][r] = min(f[l][r], tmp);
			}
		}
	}
	R(i,1,n){
		ans = max(ans, f[i][i + n - 1]);
	}
	ans.print();
	
	return 0;
}

树形DP

二叉苹果树

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);

#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;
//char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
//#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)

#endif

using namespace std;
struct ios{
	template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
		x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
		for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
		while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
		x *= f;
		return *this;
	}
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP abs(ATP &a){
	return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}


const int N = 107;

struct Edge{
	int nxt, pre, w;
}e[N << 1];
int head[N], cntEdge;
inline void add(int u, int v, int w){
	e[++cntEdge] = (Edge){ head[u], v, w}, head[u] = cntEdge;
}

int n, m;
int siz[N], f[N][N];
inline void DFS(int u, int father){
	siz[u] = 1;
	for(register int i = head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt){
		int v = e[i].pre;
		if(v == father) continue;
		DFS(v, u);
		siz[u] += siz[v];
		nR(j,min(siz[u], m),1){
			nR(k,min(m,j),1){
				f[u][j] = max(f[u][j], f[u][j - k] + f[v][k - 1] + e[i].w);
			}
		}
	}
	
}

int main(){
	io >> n >>m;
	R(i,2,n){
		int u, v, w;
		io >> u >> v >> w;
		add(u, v, w);
		add(v, u, w);
	}
	
	DFS(1, 0);
	
	int ans = 0;
	R(i,0,m) ans = max(ans, f[1][i]);
	
	printf("%d", ans);
	
	return 0;
}

选课

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);

#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;

#endif

using namespace std;
char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)
struct ios{
	template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
		x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
		for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
		while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
		x *= f;
		return *this;
	}
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP abs(ATP &a){
	return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}

const int N = 1007;

struct Edge{
	int nxt, pre;
}e[N << 1];
int head[N], cntEdge;
inline void add(int u, int v){
	e[++cntEdge] = (Edge){head[u], v}, head[u] = cntEdge;
}
int n, m;

int f[N][N], siz[N];
inline void DFS(int u){
	siz[u] = 1;
	for(register int i = head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt){
		int v= e[i].pre;
		DFS(v);
		siz[u] += siz[v];
		nR(j,min(siz[u] - 1, m),0){
			int maxn = min(j - 1, siz[v] - 1);
			R(k,0,maxn){
				f[u][j] = max(f[u][j], f[u][j - k - 1] + f[v][k]);
			}
		}
	}
}
int main(){
//FileOpen();

	io >> n >> m;
//	++m;
	R(i,1,n){
		int fa;
		io >> fa >> f[i][0];
		add(fa, i);
	}
	
	DFS(0);
	
	printf("%d",f[0][m]);
	
	return 0;
}

战略游戏

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);

#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;
//char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
//#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)

#endif

using namespace std;
struct ios{
	template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
		x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
		for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
		while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
		x *= f;
		return *this;
	}
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP abs(ATP &a){
	return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}


const int N = 1507;

struct Edge{
	int nxt, pre;
}e[N << 1];
int head[N], cntEdge;
inline void add(int u, int v){
	e[++cntEdge] = (Edge){ head[u], v}, head[u] = cntEdge;
}

int f[N][N];
inline void DFS(int u, int father){
	f[u][1] = 1;
	for(register int i = head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt){
		int v = e[i].pre;
		if(v == father) continue;
		DFS(v, u);
		f[u][0] += f[v][1];
		f[u][1] += min(f[v][1], f[v][0]);
	}
}
int main(){
	int n;
	io >> n;
	R(i,1,n){
		int u, K, v;
		io >> u >> K;
		++u;
		R(i,1,K){
			io >> v;
			++v;
			add(u, v);
			add(v, u);
		}
	}
	
	DFS(1, 0);
	
	printf("%d", min(f[1][0], f[1][1]));
	
	return 0;
}

数字转换

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);

#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;
//char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
//#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)

#endif

using namespace std;
struct ios{
	template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
		x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
		for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
		while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
		x *= f;
		return *this;
	}
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP abs(ATP &a){
	return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}


const int N = 50007;

struct Edge{
	int nxt, pre;
}e[N << 1];
int head[N], cntEdge;
inline void add(int u, int v){
	e[++cntEdge] = (Edge){head[u], v}, head[u] = cntEdge;
}

int n;

namespace DP{
int d[N], maxDis;
inline void DFS(int u, int father){
	for(register int i = head[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt){
		int v = e[i].pre;
		if(v == father) continue;
		DFS(v, u);
		maxDis = max(maxDis, d[u] + d[v] + 1);
		d[u] = max(d[u], d[v] + 1);
	}
}
	
}

namespace PRIME{

int prime[N], vis[N], tot;
inline void EularSieve(){
	R(i,2,n){
		if(!vis[i]) prime[++tot] = i;
		for(register int j = 1; j <= tot; ++j){
			if(i * prime[j] > n) break;
			vis[i * prime[j]] = 1;
		}
	}
}
inline int Calc(int x){
	if(!vis[x]) return 1;
	int sum = 1;
	int m = sqrt(x);
	register int i;
	for(i = 2; i <= m; ++i){
		if(x % i == 0){
			if(i * i == x)
				sum += i;
			else
				sum += i + x / i;
		}
	}
//	for(i = 2; i <= m; ++i){
//		if(x % i == 0){
//			sum += i + x / i;
//		}
//	}
//	if(i * i == x) sum -= i;
	return sum;
}
}
int main(){
//FileOpen();
	io >> n;
	PRIME::EularSieve();
	
	R(i,1,n){
		int num = PRIME::Calc(i);
		if(num < i){
			add(num, i);
			add(i, num);
		}
	}
	
	DP::DFS(1, 0);
	
	printf("%d", DP::maxDis);
	//TIME();
	return 0;
}

加分二叉树

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);

#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;
//char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
//#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)

#endif

using namespace std;
struct ios{
	template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
		x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
		for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
		while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
		x *= f;
		return *this;
	}
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP abs(ATP &a){
	return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}


const int N = 37;

int c[N][N], f[N][N];
inline void PrintPath(int l, int r){
	if(l > r) return;
	if(l == r){
		printf("%d ", l);
		return;
	}
	printf("%d ", c[l][r]);
	PrintPath(l, c[l][r] - 1),
	PrintPath(c[l][r] + 1, r);
}

int main(){
	int n;
	io >> n;
	R(i,1,n){
		io >> f[i][i];
		f[i][i - 1] = 1;
	}
	nR(l,n - 1,1){
		R(r,l + 1,n){
			R(k,l,r){
				if(f[l][r] < f[l][k - 1] * f[k + 1][r] + f[k][k]){
					f[l][r] = f[l][k - 1] * f[k + 1][r] + f[k][k];
					c[l][r] = k;
				}
			}
		}
	}
	
	printf("%d\n", f[1][n]);
	
	PrintPath(1, n);
	
	return 0;
}

状压DP

国王

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);

#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;
//char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
//#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)

#endif

using namespace std;
struct ios{
	template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
		x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
		for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
		while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
		x *= f;
		return *this;
	}
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP abs(ATP &a){
	return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}


const int N = 11;

int sum[2049], a[2049];
long long f[11][2049][101];
int main(){
	int n, m;
	io >> n >> m;
	int maxn = 1 << n;
	
	int tot = 0;
	for(register int s = 0; s < maxn; ++s){
		if((s & (s >> 1)) || (s & (s << 1))) continue;
		a[++tot] = s;
		int x = s;
		while(x){
			sum[tot] += x & 1;
			x >>= 1;
		}
	}
	
	R(s,1,tot){
		f[1][s][sum[s]]	= 1;
	}
	R(i,2,n){
		R(j,1,tot){
			R(k,1,tot){
				if((a[k] & a[j]) || (a[k] & (a[j] << 1)) || (a[k] & (a[j] >> 1))) continue;
				R(l,sum[j] + sum[k],m){
					f[i][j][l] += f[i - 1][k][l - sum[j]];
				}
			}
		}
	}
	
	long long ans = 0;
	R(i,1,tot){
		ans += f[n][i][m];
	}
	
	printf("%lld", ans);
	return 0;
}

牧场的安排

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);

#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;
//char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
//#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)

#endif

using namespace std;
struct ios{
	template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
		x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
		for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
		while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
		x *= f;
		return *this;
	}
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
	return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP abs(ATP &a){
	return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}

const int N = 13;
const int mod = 100000000;


int tot[N], a[N][(1 << 12) + 7];
long long f[N][(1 << 12) + 7];
int main(){
//FileOpen();

	int n, m;
	io >> n >> m;
	
	int maxn = (1 << m) - 1;
	
	R(i,1,n){
		int x, t = 0;
		R(j,1,m){
			io >> x;
			t = (t << 1) - x + 1;
		}
		R(j,0,maxn){
			if((j &(j << 1)) || (j & (j >> 1)) || (j & t)) continue;
			a[i][++tot[i]] = j;
		}
	}
	
	R(i,1,tot[1]) f[1][i] = 1;
	
	R(i,1,n){
		R(j,1,tot[i]){
			R(k,1,tot[i - 1]){
				if(a[i][j] & a[i - 1][k]) continue;
				f[i][j] = (f[i][j] + f[i - 1][k]) % mod;
			}
		}
	}
	
	long long ans = 0;
	R(i,1,tot[n]){
		ans = (ans + f[n][i]) % mod;
	}
	
	printf("%lld", ans);
	
	return 0;
}

涂抹果酱

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
 
#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;
//char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
//#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)

#endif

using namespace std;
struct ios{
    template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
        x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
        for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
        while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
        x *= f;
        return *this;
    }
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
    return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
    return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP abs(ATP &a){
    return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}

const int mod = 1000000;

int n, m, K;
long long f[10007][247];
inline int Pow(int a, int b){
	int s = 1;
	a %= mod;
	while(b){
		if(b & 1) s = s * a % mod;
		a = a  * a % mod, b >>= 1;
	}
	return s;
}
inline bool Judge(int x){
	int tmp = x % 3;
	x /= 3;
	R(i,2,m){
		if(tmp == x % 3) return false;
		tmp = x % 3, x /= 3;
	}
	return true;
}
inline bool Check(int x, int y){
	R(i,1,m){
		if(x % 3 == y % 3) return false;
		x /= 3, y /= 3;
	}
	return true;
}
int sta[737], tot;
int main(){
//FileOpen();
	io >> n >> m >> K;
	int maxn = Pow(3, m) - 1, num = 0;
	R(i,1,m){
		int x;
		io >> x;
		num = num * 3 + x - 1;
	}
	int tot = 0, pos = 0;
	R(i,0,maxn){
		if(Judge(i)){
			sta[++tot] = i;
			if(i == num) pos = tot;
		} 
	}
	if(!pos){
		printf("0");
		return 0;
	}
	R(i,1,n){
		if(i == K){
			if(i == 1){
				f[i][pos] = 1;
			}
			else{
				R(j,1,tot){
					if(Check(sta[j], sta[pos])){
						f[i][pos] = (f[i][pos] + f[i - 1][j]) % mod;
					}
				}
			}
		}
		else{
			if(i == 1){
				R(j,1,tot){
					f[i][j] = 1;
				}
			}
			else{
				R(j,1,tot){
					R(k,1,tot){
						if(Check(sta[j], sta[k])){
							f[i][j] = (f[i][j] + f[i - 1][k]) % mod;
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}
	long long ans = 0;
	R(i,1,tot){
		ans = (ans + f[n][i]) % mod;
	}
	printf("%lld", ans);
	return 0;
}

动物园

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
 
#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;
//char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
//#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)

#endif

using namespace std;
struct ios{
    template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
        x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
        for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
        while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
        x *= f;
        return *this;
    }
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
    return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
    return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP abs(ATP &a){
    return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}

const int N = 50007;

int num[N][33], f[N][33];

int main(){
//FileOpen();

	int n, m;
	io >> n >> m;
	R(i,1,m){
		int E, F, L;
		int fear = 0, love = 0;
		io >> E >> F >> L;
		R(j,1,F){
			int x;
			io >> x;
			fear |= 1 << (x - E + n) % n;
		}
		R(j,1,L){
			int x;
			io >> x;
			love |= 1 << (x - E + n) % n;
		}
		R(j,0,31){
			if((j & fear) || (~j & love)){
				++num[E][j];
			}
		}
	}
	
	int ans = 0;
	R(s,0,31){
		Fill(f[0], 128);
		f[0][s] = 0;
		R(i,1,n){
			R(j,0,31){
				f[i][j] = max(f[i - 1][(j & 15) << 1], f[i - 1][(j & 15) << 1 | 1]) + num[i][j];
			}
		}
		ans = max(ans, f[n][s]);
	}
	
	printf("%d", ans);
	return 0;
}

单调队列优化DP

最大连续和

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
 
#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;
//char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
//#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)

#endif

using namespace std;
struct ios{
    template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
        x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
        for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
        while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
        x *= f;
        return *this;
    }
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
    return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
    return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP abs(ATP &a){
    return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}

const int N = 200007;

struct Q{
	int w, id;
}q[N];
int head, tail;
int sum[N];
int main(){
	int n, len;
	io >> n >> len;
	int ans = -1000;
	R(i,1,n){
		int x;
		io >> x;
		sum[i] = sum[i - 1] + x;
		while(head <= tail && q[head].id < i - len) ++head;
		ans = max(ans, sum[i] - q[head].w);
		while(head <= tail && q[tail].w >= sum[i]) --tail;
		q[++tail] = (Q){sum[i], i};
	}
	printf("%d", ans);
	
	return 0;
}

修剪草坪

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
 
#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;
//char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
//#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)

#endif

using namespace std;
struct ios{
    template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
        x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
        for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
        while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
        x *= f;
        return *this;
    }
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
    return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
    return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP abs(ATP &a){
    return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}

const int N = 100007;

struct Q{
	long long w;
	int id;
}q[N];
int head, tail;
long long f[N];
int main(){
	int n, len;
	io >> n >> len;
	long long sum = 0;
	q[++tail] = (Q){0, 0};
	R(i,1,n){
		int x;
		io >> x;
		sum += x;
		while(head <= tail && q[head].id < i - len) ++head;
		f[i] = max(f[i - 1], sum + q[head].w);
		while(head <= tail && q[tail].w <= f[i - 1] - sum) --tail;
		q[++tail] = (Q){f[i - 1] - sum, i};
	}
	printf("%lld", f[n]);
	return 0;
}

Banknotes

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "val", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
 
#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;
//char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
//#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)

#endif

using namespace std;
struct ios{
    template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
        x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
        for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
        while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
        x *= f;
        return *this;
    }
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
    return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
    return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP abs(ATP &a){
    return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}

const int N = 20007;
int w[N], val[N], a[207];
int f[200007];

int main(){
//FileOpen();
	int n, V;
	io >> n;
	R(i,1,n) io >> a[i];
	int tot = 0;
    R(i,1,n){
    	int num;
    	io >> num;
    	for(register int j = 1; j <= num; j <<= 1){
    		w[++tot] = a[i] * j;
    		val[tot] = j;
    		num -= j;
		}
		if(num){
			w[++tot] = a[i] * num;
			val[tot] = num;
		}
	}
	io >> V;
	R(i,1,V) f[i] = 0x3f3f3f3f;
	R(i,1,tot){
		nR(j,V,w[i]){
			f[j] = min(f[j], f[j - w[i]] + val[i]);
		}
	}
	
	printf("%d", f[V]);
	
	return 0;
}

烽火传递

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
 
#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;
//char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
//#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)

#endif

using namespace std;
struct ios{
    template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
        x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
        for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
        while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
        x *= f;
        return *this;
    }
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
    return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
    return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP abs(ATP &a){
    return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}

const int N = 200007;
int val[N], q[N], f[N];
int main(){
//FileOpen();

	int n, len;
	io >> n >> len;
	R(i,1,n){
		io >> val[i];
	}
	
	int head = 0, tail = 0;
	R(i,1,n){
		while(head <= tail && i - q[head] > len) ++head;
		f[i] = f[q[head]] + val[i];
		while(head <= tail && f[q[tail]] >= f[i]) --tail;
		q[++tail] = i;
	}
	
	int ans = 0x7fffffff;
	R(i,n - len + 1,n){
		ans = min(ans, f[i]);
	}
	
	printf("%d", ans);
	
	return 0;
}

绿色通道

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
 
#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;
//char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
//#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)

#endif

using namespace std;
struct ios{
    template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
        x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
        for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
        while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
        x *= f;
        return *this;
    }
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
    return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
    return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP abs(ATP &a){
    return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}

const int N = 50007;

int n, T;
int q[N], a[N], f[N];
inline bool Check(int len){
	int head = 0, tail = 0;
	R(i,1,n){
		while(head <= tail && i - q[head] > len) ++head;
		f[i] = f[q[head]] + a[i];
		while(head <= tail && f[q[tail]] >= f[i]) --tail;
		q[++tail] = i;
	}
	int ans = 0x7fffffff;
	R(i,n - len + 1, n){
		ans = min(ans, f[i]);
	}
	return ans <= T;
}

int main(){
	io >> n >> T;
	R(i,1,n) io >> a[i];
	
	int l = 0, r = n, ans = 0;
	while(l <= r){
		int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
		if(Check(mid)){
			r = mid - 1;
		}
		else{
			ans = mid;
			l = mid + 1;
		}
	}
	
	printf("%d", ans);
	
	return 0;
}

[HAOI2007]理想的正方形

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
 
#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;
//char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
//#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)

#endif

using namespace std;
struct ios{
    template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
        x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
        for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
        while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
        x *= f;
        return *this;
    }
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
    return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
    return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP abs(ATP &a){
    return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}

const int N = 1007;
 
int n, m, d;
int bin[23];
namespace RMQ{
	
int fmax[N][N], fmin[N][N];
int t;

inline void Init(){
	R(i,1,n){
		R(j,1,m){
			io >> fmax[i][j];
			fmin[i][j] = fmax[i][j];
		}
	}
	
	t = log2(d);
	R(k,0,t - 1){
		int maxX = n - bin[k];
		R(i,1,maxX){
			int maxY = m - bin[k];
			R(j,1,maxY){
				fmax[i][j] = max(fmax[i][j], max(fmax[i + bin[k]][j + bin[k]], max(fmax[i][j + bin[k]], fmax[i + bin[k]][j])));
				fmin[i][j] = min(fmin[i][j], min(fmin[i + bin[k]][j + bin[k]], min(fmin[i][j + bin[k]], fmin[i + bin[k]][j])));
			}
		}
	}
}
inline int Query(int x, int y){
	return max(fmax[x][y], max(fmax[x + d - bin[t]][y + d - bin[t]], max(fmax[x + d - bin[t]][y], fmax[x][y + d - bin[t]])))
		 - min(fmin[x][y], min(fmin[x + d - bin[t]][y + d - bin[t]], min(fmin[x + d - bin[t]][y], fmin[x][y + d - bin[t]])));
}

}
 
int main(){
//FileOpen();
	io >> n >> m >> d;
	bin[0] = 1;
	R(i,1,21) bin[i] = bin[i - 1] << 1;

	RMQ::Init();
	int ans = 0x7fffffff;

	R(i,1,n - d + 1){
		R(j,1,m - d + 1){
			ans = min(ans, RMQ::Query(i, j));
		}
	}
	
	printf("%d\n", ans);
	return 0;
}

同余问题

曹冲养猪

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
 
#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;
//char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
//#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)

#endif

using namespace std;
struct ios{
    template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
        x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
        for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
        while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
        x *= f;
        return *this;
    }
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
    return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
    return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP abs(ATP &a){
    return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}
 
const int N = 17;

int n;
int a[N], b[N];

inline void Exgcd(ll a, ll b, ll &x, ll &y){
	if(!b)
		x = 1, y = 0;
	else
		Exgcd(b, a % b, y, x), y -= x * (a / b);
}
inline long long CRT(){
	long long ans = 0, M = 1;
	R(i,1,n) M *= a[i];
	R(i,1,n){
		ll mi = M / a[i], x, y;
		Exgcd(mi, a[i], x, y);
		x = (x % a[i] + a[i]) % a[i];
		ans = (ans + mi * x * b[i]) % M;
	}
	return ans < 0 ? ans + M : ans;
}
int main(){
	io >> n;
	R(i,1,n) io >> a[i] >> b[i];
	printf("%lld", CRT());
	return 0;
}

计算器

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
 
#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;
//char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
//#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)

#endif

using namespace std;
struct ios{
    template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
        x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
        for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
        while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
        x *= f;
        return *this;
    }
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
    return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
    return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP abs(ATP &a){
    return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}

#include <map>

#define FALSE_RESULT printf("Orz, I cannot find x!\n")

int Tasks;
namespace SUBTASK1{

inline long long Smul(long long a, long long b, long long &mod){
	return (a * b - (ll)((long double) a * b / mod) * mod + mod) % mod;
}
inline long long Pow(long long a, long long b, long long &mod){
	long long s = 1;
	while(b){
		if(b & 1) s = Smul(s, a, mod);
		a = Smul(a, a, mod), b >>= 1;
	}
	return (s + mod) % mod;
}
inline void main(){
	while(Tasks--){
		long long y, z, p;
		io >> y >> z >> p;
		printf("%lld\n", Pow(y, z, p));
	}
}

}
namespace SUBTASK2{

inline void Exgcd(ll a, ll b, ll &x, ll &y, ll &d){
	if(!b)
		x = 1, y = 0, d = a;
	else
		Exgcd(b, a % b, y, x, d), y -= x * (a / b);
}
inline void main(){
	while(Tasks--){
		long long a, b, mod, x, y, d;
		io >> a >> b >> mod;
		// a x + -mod y = b
		Exgcd(a, mod, x, y, d);
		if(b % d){
			FALSE_RESULT;
			continue;
		}
		mod /= d;
		printf("%lld\n", (x * (b / d) % mod + mod) % mod);
	}
}

}
namespace SUBTASK3{

inline long long Smul(long long a, long long b, long long &mod){
	return (a * b - (ll)((long double) a * b / mod) * mod + mod) % mod;
}
inline long long Pow(long long a, long long b, long long &mod){
	long long s = 1;
	while(b){
		if(b & 1) s = Smul(s, a, mod);
		a = Smul(a, a, mod), b >>= 1;
	}
	return (s + mod) % mod;
}
map<long long, int> mp;
inline long long BSGS(long long a, long long b, long long &mod){
	mp.clear();
	int t = sqrt(mod) + 1;
	R(j,0,t - 1){
		long long val = b * Pow(a, j, mod) % mod;
		mp[val] = j;
	}
	a = Pow(a, t, mod);
	if(a == 0) return b == 0 ? 1 : -1;
	R(i,0,t){
		long long val = Pow(a, i, mod);
		int j = mp.find(val) == mp.end() ? -1 : mp[val];
		if(j >= 0 && i * t - j >= 0) return i * t - j;
	}
	return -1;
}
inline void main(){
	while(Tasks--){
		long long y, z, p;
		io >> y >> z >> p;
		if(z >= p) z %= p;
		long long ans = BSGS(y, z, p);
		if(ans == -1){
			FALSE_RESULT;
		}
		else{
			printf("%lld\n", ans);
		}
	}
}
}

int main(){
	int opt;
	io >> Tasks >> opt;
	if(opt == 1){
		SUBTASK1::main();
	}
	else if(opt == 2){
		SUBTASK2::main();
	}
	else{
		SUBTASK3::main();
	}
	return 0;
}

Strange Way to Express Integers

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
 
#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;
//char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
//#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)

#endif

using namespace std;
struct ios{
    template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
        x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
        for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
        while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
        x *= f;
        return *this;
    }
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
    return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
    return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP abs(ATP &a){
    return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}

const int N = 100007;

int n;
long long a[N], b[N];
inline long long Smul(long long a, long long b, long long &mod){
	return ((long long)(long double)a * b - (ll)((long double)a * b / mod) * mod + mod) % mod;
}
inline void Exgcd(ll a, ll b, ll &x, ll &y, ll &d){
	if(!b)
		x = 1, y = 0, d = a;
	else
		Exgcd(b, a % b, y, x, d), y -= x * (a / b);
}
inline long long Excrt(){
	long long ans = a[1], M = b[1];
	R(i,2,n){
		long long A = M, B = b[i], C = (a[i] - ans % B + B) % B, x, y, d;
		Exgcd(A, B, x, y, d);
		if(C % d) return -1;
		B /= d;
		x = Smul(x, C / d, B);
		ans += x * M, M *= B, ans = (ans % M + M) % M;
	}
	return ans;
}
int main(){
//FileOpen();

	io >> n;
	R(i,1,n){
		io >> b[i] >> a[i];
	}
	printf("%lld\n", Excrt());
	
	return 0;
}

荒岛野人

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
 
#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;
//char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
//#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)

#endif

using namespace std;
struct ios{
    template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
        x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
        for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
        while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
        x *= f;
        return *this;
    }
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
    return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
    return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP abs(ATP &a){
    return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}

const int N = 17;

int n, maxPos;
struct node{
	int C, P, L;
}a[N];

inline void Exgcd(int a, int b, int &x, int &y, int &d){
	if(!b)
		x = 1, y = 0, d = a;
	else
		Exgcd(b, a % b, y, x, d), y -= x * (a / b);
}
inline bool Check(int &mod){
	R(i,1,n){
		R(j,i + 1,n){
			int x, y, d;
			int A = a[i].P - a[j].P, B = mod, C = a[j].C - a[i].C;
			if(A < 0) A = -A, C = -C;
			if(C >= mod) C %= mod;
			Exgcd(A, B, x, y, d);
			if(C % d) continue; // not return! Damn it!
			B /= d;
			x = (x * (C / d) % B + B) % B;
			if(x <= a[i].L && x <= a[j].L) return false;
		}
	}
	return true;
}

int main(){
//FileOpen();

	io >> n;
	
	R(i,1,n){
		io >> a[i].C >> a[i].P >> a[i].L;
		maxPos = max(maxPos, a[i].C);
	}
	
	for(register int i = maxPos; ; ++i){
		if(Check(i)){
			printf("%d", i);
			return 0;
		}
	}
	TIME();
	return 0;
}

组合数学

牡牛和牝牛

DP

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
 
#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;
//char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
//#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)

#endif

using namespace std;
struct ios{
    template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
        x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
        for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
        while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
        x *= f;
        return *this;
    }
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
    return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
    return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP abs(ATP &a){
    return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}

const int N  = 100007;
const int mod = 5000011;
long long f[N], g[N];
int main(){
	int n, K;
	io >> n >> K;
	f[1] = g[1] = 1;
	R(i,2,n){
		f[i] = f[i - 1] + g[i - 1];
		g[i] = (f[max(i - K - 1, 0)] + g[max(i - K - 1, 1)]) % mod;
	}
	
	printf("%lld", (f[n] + g[n] + mod) % mod);
	
	return 0;
}

排列组合

GuGuGu...

Combination

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#define R(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) <= (c); ++(a))
#define nR(a,b,c) for(register int a = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a))
#define Fill(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
#define Max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define Swap(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
#define ll long long
#define u32 unsigned int
#define u64 unsigned long long

#define ON_DEBUGG

#ifdef ON_DEBUGG

#define D_e_Line printf("\n----------\n") 
#define D_e(x) cout << (#x) << " : " << x << endl
#define Pause() system("pause")
#define FileOpen() freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define FileSave() freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
#include <ctime>
#define TIME() fprintf(stderr, "\ntime: %.3fms\n", clock() * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
 
#else

#define D_e_Line ;
#define D_e(x) ;
#define Pause() ;
#define FileOpen() ;
#define FileSave() ;
#define TIME() ;
//char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
//#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)

#endif

using namespace std;
struct ios{
    template<typename ATP>inline ios& operator >> (ATP &x){
        x = 0; int f = 1; char ch;
        for(ch = getchar(); ch < '0' || ch > '9'; ch = getchar()) if(ch == '-') f = -1;
        while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + (ch ^ '0'), ch = getchar();
        x *= f;
        return *this;
    }
}io;

template<typename ATP>inline ATP max(ATP &a, ATP &b){
    return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP min(ATP &a, ATP &b){
    return a < b ? a : b;
}
template<typename ATP>inline ATP abs(ATP &a){
    return a < 0 ? -a : a;
}

const int N = 10013;
const int mod = 10007;

int fac[N], inv[N];
inline void Init(){
	fac[0] = fac[1] = inv[1] =  1;
	R(i,2,mod) fac[i] = fac[i - 1] * i % mod;
	R(i,2,mod) inv[i] = (mod - mod / i)  * inv[mod % i] % mod;
}

inline int C(int m, int n){
	if(n < m) return 0;
	return fac[n] * inv[fac[n - m]] % mod * inv[fac[m]] % mod;
}
inline int Lucas(int m, int n){
	if(n < m) return 0;
	if(n < mod && m < mod) return C(m, n);
	return Lucas(m / mod, n / mod) * Lucas(m % mod, n % mod) % mod;
}
int main(){
//FileOpen();
	Init();
	int Tasks;
	io >> Tasks;
	Init();
	while(Tasks--){
		int n, m;
		io >> n >> m;
		printf("%d\n", Lucas(m, n) % mod);
	}
	
	return 0;
}