Python编程惯例

1. 让代码既可以被导入又可以被执行。

if __name__ == '__main__':

2. 用下面的方式判断逻辑“真”或“假”。

if x:
if not x:

好的代码:
name = 'jackfrued'
fruits = ['apple', 'orange', 'grape']
owners = {'1001': '骆昊', '1002': '王大锤'}
if name and fruits and owners:
	print('I love fruits!')

不好的代码:
name = 'jackfrued'
fruits = ['apple', 'orange', 'grape']
owners = {'1001': '骆昊', '1002': '王大锤'}
if name != '' and len(fruits) > 0 and owners != {}:
	print('I love fruits!')

3. 善于使用in运算符。

if x in items: # 包含
for x in items: # 迭代

好的代码:
name = 'Hao LUO'
if 'L' in name:
print('The name has an L in it.')

不好的代码:
name = 'Hao LUO'
if name.find('L') != -1:
	print('The name has an L in it.')

4. 不使用临时变量交换两个值。

a, b = b, a

5. 用序列构建字符串。

好的代码:
chars = ['j', 'a', 'c', 'k', 'f', 'r', 'u', 'e', 'd']
name = ''.join(chars)
print(name)  # jackfrued

不好的代码:
chars = ['j', 'a', 'c', 'k', 'f', 'r', 'u', 'e', 'd']
name = ''
for char in chars:
	name += char
print(name)  # jackfrued

6. EAFP优于LBYL。

EAFP - Easier to Ask Forgiveness than Permission.
LBYL - Look Before You Leap.
好的代码:
d = {'x': '5'}
try:
	value = int(d['x'])
	print(value)
except (KeyError, TypeError, ValueError):
	value = None

不好的代码:
d = {'x': '5'}
if 'x' in d and isinstance(d['x'], str) and d['x'].isdigit():
	value = int(d['x'])
	print(value)
else:
	value = None

7. 使用enumerate进行迭代。

好的代码:
fruits = ['orange', 'grape', 'pitaya', 'blueberry']
for index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):
	print(index, ':', fruit)

不好的代码:
fruits = ['orange', 'grape', 'pitaya', 'blueberry']
index = 0
for fruit in fruits:
	print(index, ':', fruit)
	index += 1

8. 用生成式生成列表。

好的代码:
data = [7, 20, 3, 15, 11]
result = [num * 3 for num in data if num > 10]
print(result)  # [60, 45, 33]

不好的代码:
data = [7, 20, 3, 15, 11]
result = []
for i in data:
	if i > 10:
		result.append(i * 3)
print(result)  # [60, 45, 33]

9. 用zip组合键和值来创建字典。

好的代码:
keys = ['1001', '1002', '1003']
values = ['骆昊', '王大锤', '白元芳']
d = dict(zip(keys, values))
print(d)

不好的代码:
keys = ['1001', '1002', '1003']
values = ['骆昊', '王大锤', '白元芳']
d = {}
for i, key in enumerate(keys):
	d[key] = values[i]
print(d)

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posted @ 2020-01-02 17:14  binggogo  阅读(198)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报