建造者模式（Builder Pattern）
建造者模式（Builder Pattern）是一种创建型模式（Creational Pattern）。主要用于一个“复杂对象”的创建工作，通常由各个部分的子对象用一定的算法构成；由于需求的变化，这个复杂对象的各个部分经常面临着剧烈的变化，但是将它们组合在一起的算法确相对稳定。
建造者模式同抽象工厂模式有一定的相似之处，抽象工厂模式主要解决的是需求的变化引起的“一系列对象”的创建工作，而建造者模式通常解决的是一个对象内部组成部分的变化。
实现的代码仍然是匹萨店的例子，同抽象工厂中的例子大部分相同，不同的地方主要在匹萨原料的部分。匹萨的原料是建造者模式中要创建的对象，假设场景是：原料的种类是变化的部分，原料用量的算法是相对稳定的。
下面是建造者模式的结构图，在实现代码中的对应关系是：
PizzaIngredientBuilder = Builder
NYPizzaIngredientBuilder(ChicagoIngredientBuilder) = ConcreteBuilder
PizzaIngredient= Product
IngredientManager = Director
1 class App
2 {
3 static void Main()
4 {
5 //在纽约的一家匹萨店，一位客人订购了一份干酪匹萨
6 PizzaStore nyStore = new NYPizzaStore();
7
8 Pizza nyPizza = nyStore.CreatePizza(PizzaType.干酪匹萨);
9
10 Console.ReadLine();
11 }
12 }
13
14 #region 匹萨快餐店
15 public abstract class PizzaStore
16 {
17 public abstract Pizza CreatePizza(PizzaType type);
18 }
19
20 /// <summary>
21 /// 纽约匹萨店
22 /// </summary>
23 public class NYPizzaStore : PizzaStore
24 {
25 public override Pizza CreatePizza(PizzaType type)
26 {
27 Pizza pizza = null;
28 PizzaIngredientBuilder nyBuilder = new NYPizzaIngredientBuilder();
29 switch (type)
30 {
31 case PizzaType.干酪匹萨:
32 pizza = new CheesePizza(nyBuilder);
33 pizza.Name = "纽约式干酪匹萨";
34 break;
35 case PizzaType.蛤蜊匹萨:
36 pizza = new ClamPizza(nyBuilder);
37 pizza.Name = "纽约式蛤蜊匹萨";
38 break;
39 default:
40 break;
41 }
42
43 if (pizza != null) pizza.Produce();
44
45 return pizza;
46 }
47 }
48
49 /// <summary>
50 /// 芝加哥匹萨店
51 /// </summary>
52 public class ChicagoPizzaStore : PizzaStore
53 {
54 public override Pizza CreatePizza(PizzaType type)
55 {
56 Pizza pizza = null;
57 PizzaIngredientBuilder chicagoBuilder = new ChicagoIngredientBuilder();
58 switch (type)
59 {
60 case PizzaType.干酪匹萨:
61 pizza = new CheesePizza(chicagoBuilder);
62 pizza.Name = "芝加哥式干酪匹萨";
63 break;
64 case PizzaType.蛤蜊匹萨:
65 pizza = new ClamPizza(chicagoBuilder);
66 pizza.Name = "芝加哥式蛤蜊匹萨";
67 break;
68 default:
69 break;
70 }
71
72 if (pizza != null) pizza.Produce();
73
74 return pizza;
75 }
76 }
77 #endregion
78
79 #region 匹萨
80 public enum PizzaType
81 {
82 干酪匹萨 = 1,
83 蛤蜊匹萨 = 2
84 }
85
86 public abstract class Pizza
87 {
88 protected PizzaIngredient ingredient;
89
90 protected abstract void Prepare();
91
92 protected virtual void Bake()
93 {
94 Console.WriteLine("350度烘烤25分钟
");
95 }
96
97 protected virtual void Cut()
98 {
99 Console.WriteLine("将匹萨切成尖角型");
100 }
101
102 protected virtual void Box()
103 {
104 Console.WriteLine("将匹萨打包成商务餐装");
105 }
106
107 public virtual void Produce()
108 {
109 Prepare();
110 Bake();
111 Cut();
112 Box();
113 }
114
115 public string Name { get; set; }
116 }
117
118 public class CheesePizza : Pizza
119 {
120 PizzaIngredientBuilder builder = null;
121 public CheesePizza(PizzaIngredientBuilder builder)
122 {
123 this.builder = builder;
124 }
125
126 protected override void Prepare()
127 {
128 this.ingredient = IngredientManager.Construct(builder);
129
130 Console.WriteLine("准备做一个 {0}", Name);
131 Console.WriteLine(" 准备{0}{1}份", ingredient.DoughIngredient[0].PizzaDough(), ingredient.DoughIngredient.Count);
132 Console.WriteLine(" 准备{0}{1}份", ingredient.SauceIngredient[0].PizzaSauce(), ingredient.SauceIngredient.Count);
133 Console.WriteLine(" 准备{0}{1}份", ingredient.CheeseIngredient[0].PizzaTopCheese(), ingredient.CheeseIngredient.Count);
134 Console.WriteLine(" 准备{0}{1}份", ingredient.ClamsIngredient[0].PizzaTopClams(), ingredient.ClamsIngredient.Count);
135 }
136 }
137
138 public class ClamPizza : Pizza
139 {
140 PizzaIngredientBuilder builder = null;
141 public ClamPizza(PizzaIngredientBuilder builder)
142 {
143 this.builder = builder;
144 }
145
146 protected override void Prepare()
147 {
148 this.ingredient = IngredientManager.Construct(builder);
149
150 Console.WriteLine("准备做一个 {0}", Name);
151 Console.WriteLine(" 准备{0}{1}份", ingredient.DoughIngredient[0].PizzaDough(), ingredient.DoughIngredient.Count);
152 Console.WriteLine(" 准备{0}{1}份", ingredient.SauceIngredient[0].PizzaSauce(), ingredient.SauceIngredient.Count);
153 Console.WriteLine(" 准备{0}{1}份", ingredient.CheeseIngredient[0].PizzaTopCheese(), ingredient.CheeseIngredient.Count);
154 Console.WriteLine(" 准备{0}{1}份", ingredient.ClamsIngredient[0].PizzaTopClams(), ingredient.ClamsIngredient.Count);
155 }
156 }
157 #endregion
158
159 #region 匹萨原料
160
161 public class IngredientManager
162 {
163 public static PizzaIngredient Construct(PizzaIngredientBuilder builder)
164 {
165 builder.CreateDough();
166 builder.CreateDough();
167 builder.CreateDough();
168
169 builder.CreateSauce();
170 builder.CreateSauce();
171
172 builder.CreateCheese();
173 builder.CreateClams();
174
175 return builder.GetPizzaIngredient();
176 }
177 }
178
179 public class PizzaIngredient
180 {
181 private List<Dough> dough = new List<Dough>();
182 public List<Dough> DoughIngredient
183 {
184 get { return dough; }
185 set { dough = value; }
186 }
187
188 private List<Sauce> sauce = new List<Sauce>();
189 public List<Sauce> SauceIngredient
190 {
191 get { return sauce; }
192 set { sauce = value; }
193 }
194
195 private List<Cheese> cheese = new List<Cheese>();
196 public List<Cheese> CheeseIngredient
197 {
198 get { return cheese; }
199 set { cheese = value; }
200 }
201
202 private List<Clams> clams = new List<Clams>();
203 public List<Clams> ClamsIngredient
204 {
205 get { return clams; }
206 set { clams = value; }
207 }
208 }
209
210 public interface PizzaIngredientBuilder
211 {
212 void CreateDough();
213 void CreateSauce();
214 void CreateCheese();
215 void CreateClams();
216
217 PizzaIngredient GetPizzaIngredient();
218 }
219
220 public class NYPizzaIngredientBuilder : PizzaIngredientBuilder
221 {
222 PizzaIngredient ingredient = new PizzaIngredient();
223
224 public NYPizzaIngredientBuilder()
225 {
226 ingredient = new PizzaIngredient();
227 }
228
229 public void CreateDough()
230 {
231 //纽约人做匹萨都用薄皮面团
232 ingredient.DoughIngredient.Add(new ThinCrustDough());
233 }
234
235 public void CreateSauce()
236 {
237 //纽约人喜欢意式沙司
238 ingredient.SauceIngredient.Add(new MarinaraSauce());
239 }
240
241 public void CreateCheese()
242 {
243 //纽约人喜欢乳酪奶酪
244 ingredient.CheeseIngredient.Add(new ReggianoCheese());
245 }
246
247 public void CreateClams()
248 {
249 //纽约人喜欢生鲜蛤蜊
250 ingredient.ClamsIngredient.Add(new FreshClams());
251 }
252
253 public PizzaIngredient GetPizzaIngredient()
254 {
255 return ingredient;
256 }
257 }
258
259 public class ChicagoIngredientBuilder : PizzaIngredientBuilder
260 {
261 PizzaIngredient ingredient = null;
262
263 public ChicagoIngredientBuilder()
264 {
265 ingredient = new PizzaIngredient();
266 }
267
268 public void CreateDough()
269 {
270 //芝加哥人做匹萨都用厚皮面团
271 ingredient.DoughIngredient.Add(new ThickCrustDough());
272 }
273
274 public void CreateSauce()
275 {
276 //芝加哥人喜欢番茄沙司
277 ingredient.SauceIngredient.Add(new PlumTomatoSauce());
278 }
279
280 public void CreateCheese()
281 {
282 //芝加哥人喜欢意式奶酪
283 ingredient.CheeseIngredient.Add(new MozzarellaCheese());
284 }
285
286 public void CreateClams()
287 {
288 //芝加哥人喜欢冰冻蛤蜊
289 ingredient.ClamsIngredient.Add(new FrozenClams());
290 }
291
292 public PizzaIngredient GetPizzaIngredient()
293 {
294 return ingredient;
295 }
296 }
297 #endregion
298
299 #region 匹萨使用的原料
300
301 public interface Dough
302 {
303 string PizzaDough();
304 }
305
306 public class ThickCrustDough : Dough
307 {
308 public string PizzaDough()
309 {
310 return "厚皮面团";
311 }
312 }
313
314 public class ThinCrustDough : Dough
315 {
316 public string PizzaDough()
317 {
318 return "薄皮面团";
319 }
320 }
321
322 public interface Sauce
323 {
324 string PizzaSauce();
325 }
326
327 public class PlumTomatoSauce : Sauce
328 {
329 public string PizzaSauce()
330 {
331 return "番茄沙司";
332 }
333 }
334
335 public class MarinaraSauce : Sauce
336 {
337 public string PizzaSauce()
338 {
339 return "意式沙司";
340 }
341 }
342
343 public interface Cheese
344 {
345 string PizzaTopCheese();
346 }
347
348 public class MozzarellaCheese : Cheese
349 {
350 public string PizzaTopCheese()
351 {
352 return "意式奶酪";
353 }
354 }
355
356 public class ReggianoCheese : Cheese
357 {
358 public string PizzaTopCheese()
359 {
360 return "乳酪奶酪";
361 }
362 }
363
364 public interface Clams
365 {
366 string PizzaTopClams();
367 }
368
369 public class FrozenClams : Clams
370 {
371 public string PizzaTopClams()
372 {
373 return "冰冻蛤蜊";
374 }
375 }
376
377 public class FreshClams : Clams
378 {
379 public string PizzaTopClams()
380 {
381 return "生鲜蛤蜊";
382 }
383 }
384 #endregion
2 {
3 static void Main()
4 {
5 //在纽约的一家匹萨店，一位客人订购了一份干酪匹萨
6 PizzaStore nyStore = new NYPizzaStore();
7
8 Pizza nyPizza = nyStore.CreatePizza(PizzaType.干酪匹萨);
9
10 Console.ReadLine();
11 }
12 }
13
14 #region 匹萨快餐店
15 public abstract class PizzaStore
16 {
17 public abstract Pizza CreatePizza(PizzaType type);
18 }
19
20 /// <summary>
21 /// 纽约匹萨店
22 /// </summary>
23 public class NYPizzaStore : PizzaStore
24 {
25 public override Pizza CreatePizza(PizzaType type)
26 {
27 Pizza pizza = null;
28 PizzaIngredientBuilder nyBuilder = new NYPizzaIngredientBuilder();
29 switch (type)
30 {
31 case PizzaType.干酪匹萨:
32 pizza = new CheesePizza(nyBuilder);
33 pizza.Name = "纽约式干酪匹萨";
34 break;
35 case PizzaType.蛤蜊匹萨:
36 pizza = new ClamPizza(nyBuilder);
37 pizza.Name = "纽约式蛤蜊匹萨";
38 break;
39 default:
40 break;
41 }
42
43 if (pizza != null) pizza.Produce();
44
45 return pizza;
46 }
47 }
48
49 /// <summary>
50 /// 芝加哥匹萨店
51 /// </summary>
52 public class ChicagoPizzaStore : PizzaStore
53 {
54 public override Pizza CreatePizza(PizzaType type)
55 {
56 Pizza pizza = null;
57 PizzaIngredientBuilder chicagoBuilder = new ChicagoIngredientBuilder();
58 switch (type)
59 {
60 case PizzaType.干酪匹萨:
61 pizza = new CheesePizza(chicagoBuilder);
62 pizza.Name = "芝加哥式干酪匹萨";
63 break;
64 case PizzaType.蛤蜊匹萨:
65 pizza = new ClamPizza(chicagoBuilder);
66 pizza.Name = "芝加哥式蛤蜊匹萨";
67 break;
68 default:
69 break;
70 }
71
72 if (pizza != null) pizza.Produce();
73
74 return pizza;
75 }
76 }
77 #endregion
78
79 #region 匹萨
80 public enum PizzaType
81 {
82 干酪匹萨 = 1,
83 蛤蜊匹萨 = 2
84 }
85
86 public abstract class Pizza
87 {
88 protected PizzaIngredient ingredient;
89
90 protected abstract void Prepare();
91
92 protected virtual void Bake()
93 {
94 Console.WriteLine("350度烘烤25分钟
");95 }
96
97 protected virtual void Cut()
98 {
99 Console.WriteLine("将匹萨切成尖角型
");100 }
101
102 protected virtual void Box()
103 {
104 Console.WriteLine("将匹萨打包成商务餐装
");105 }
106
107 public virtual void Produce()
108 {
109 Prepare();
110 Bake();
111 Cut();
112 Box();
113 }
114
115 public string Name { get; set; }
116 }
117
118 public class CheesePizza : Pizza
119 {
120 PizzaIngredientBuilder builder = null;
121 public CheesePizza(PizzaIngredientBuilder builder)
122 {
123 this.builder = builder;
124 }
125
126 protected override void Prepare()
127 {
128 this.ingredient = IngredientManager.Construct(builder);
129
130 Console.WriteLine("准备做一个 {0}", Name);
131 Console.WriteLine(" 准备{0}{1}份
", ingredient.DoughIngredient[0].PizzaDough(), ingredient.DoughIngredient.Count);132 Console.WriteLine(" 准备{0}{1}份
", ingredient.SauceIngredient[0].PizzaSauce(), ingredient.SauceIngredient.Count);133 Console.WriteLine(" 准备{0}{1}份
", ingredient.CheeseIngredient[0].PizzaTopCheese(), ingredient.CheeseIngredient.Count);134 Console.WriteLine(" 准备{0}{1}份
", ingredient.ClamsIngredient[0].PizzaTopClams(), ingredient.ClamsIngredient.Count);135 }
136 }
137
138 public class ClamPizza : Pizza
139 {
140 PizzaIngredientBuilder builder = null;
141 public ClamPizza(PizzaIngredientBuilder builder)
142 {
143 this.builder = builder;
144 }
145
146 protected override void Prepare()
147 {
148 this.ingredient = IngredientManager.Construct(builder);
149
150 Console.WriteLine("准备做一个 {0}", Name);
151 Console.WriteLine(" 准备{0}{1}份
", ingredient.DoughIngredient[0].PizzaDough(), ingredient.DoughIngredient.Count);152 Console.WriteLine(" 准备{0}{1}份
", ingredient.SauceIngredient[0].PizzaSauce(), ingredient.SauceIngredient.Count);153 Console.WriteLine(" 准备{0}{1}份
", ingredient.CheeseIngredient[0].PizzaTopCheese(), ingredient.CheeseIngredient.Count);154 Console.WriteLine(" 准备{0}{1}份
", ingredient.ClamsIngredient[0].PizzaTopClams(), ingredient.ClamsIngredient.Count);155 }
156 }
157 #endregion
158
159 #region 匹萨原料
160
161 public class IngredientManager
162 {
163 public static PizzaIngredient Construct(PizzaIngredientBuilder builder)
164 {
165 builder.CreateDough();
166 builder.CreateDough();
167 builder.CreateDough();
168
169 builder.CreateSauce();
170 builder.CreateSauce();
171
172 builder.CreateCheese();
173 builder.CreateClams();
174
175 return builder.GetPizzaIngredient();
176 }
177 }
178
179 public class PizzaIngredient
180 {
181 private List<Dough> dough = new List<Dough>();
182 public List<Dough> DoughIngredient
183 {
184 get { return dough; }
185 set { dough = value; }
186 }
187
188 private List<Sauce> sauce = new List<Sauce>();
189 public List<Sauce> SauceIngredient
190 {
191 get { return sauce; }
192 set { sauce = value; }
193 }
194
195 private List<Cheese> cheese = new List<Cheese>();
196 public List<Cheese> CheeseIngredient
197 {
198 get { return cheese; }
199 set { cheese = value; }
200 }
201
202 private List<Clams> clams = new List<Clams>();
203 public List<Clams> ClamsIngredient
204 {
205 get { return clams; }
206 set { clams = value; }
207 }
208 }
209
210 public interface PizzaIngredientBuilder
211 {
212 void CreateDough();
213 void CreateSauce();
214 void CreateCheese();
215 void CreateClams();
216
217 PizzaIngredient GetPizzaIngredient();
218 }
219
220 public class NYPizzaIngredientBuilder : PizzaIngredientBuilder
221 {
222 PizzaIngredient ingredient = new PizzaIngredient();
223
224 public NYPizzaIngredientBuilder()
225 {
226 ingredient = new PizzaIngredient();
227 }
228
229 public void CreateDough()
230 {
231 //纽约人做匹萨都用薄皮面团
232 ingredient.DoughIngredient.Add(new ThinCrustDough());
233 }
234
235 public void CreateSauce()
236 {
237 //纽约人喜欢意式沙司
238 ingredient.SauceIngredient.Add(new MarinaraSauce());
239 }
240
241 public void CreateCheese()
242 {
243 //纽约人喜欢乳酪奶酪
244 ingredient.CheeseIngredient.Add(new ReggianoCheese());
245 }
246
247 public void CreateClams()
248 {
249 //纽约人喜欢生鲜蛤蜊
250 ingredient.ClamsIngredient.Add(new FreshClams());
251 }
252
253 public PizzaIngredient GetPizzaIngredient()
254 {
255 return ingredient;
256 }
257 }
258
259 public class ChicagoIngredientBuilder : PizzaIngredientBuilder
260 {
261 PizzaIngredient ingredient = null;
262
263 public ChicagoIngredientBuilder()
264 {
265 ingredient = new PizzaIngredient();
266 }
267
268 public void CreateDough()
269 {
270 //芝加哥人做匹萨都用厚皮面团
271 ingredient.DoughIngredient.Add(new ThickCrustDough());
272 }
273
274 public void CreateSauce()
275 {
276 //芝加哥人喜欢番茄沙司
277 ingredient.SauceIngredient.Add(new PlumTomatoSauce());
278 }
279
280 public void CreateCheese()
281 {
282 //芝加哥人喜欢意式奶酪
283 ingredient.CheeseIngredient.Add(new MozzarellaCheese());
284 }
285
286 public void CreateClams()
287 {
288 //芝加哥人喜欢冰冻蛤蜊
289 ingredient.ClamsIngredient.Add(new FrozenClams());
290 }
291
292 public PizzaIngredient GetPizzaIngredient()
293 {
294 return ingredient;
295 }
296 }
297 #endregion
298
299 #region 匹萨使用的原料
300
301 public interface Dough
302 {
303 string PizzaDough();
304 }
305
306 public class ThickCrustDough : Dough
307 {
308 public string PizzaDough()
309 {
310 return "厚皮面团";
311 }
312 }
313
314 public class ThinCrustDough : Dough
315 {
316 public string PizzaDough()
317 {
318 return "薄皮面团";
319 }
320 }
321
322 public interface Sauce
323 {
324 string PizzaSauce();
325 }
326
327 public class PlumTomatoSauce : Sauce
328 {
329 public string PizzaSauce()
330 {
331 return "番茄沙司";
332 }
333 }
334
335 public class MarinaraSauce : Sauce
336 {
337 public string PizzaSauce()
338 {
339 return "意式沙司";
340 }
341 }
342
343 public interface Cheese
344 {
345 string PizzaTopCheese();
346 }
347
348 public class MozzarellaCheese : Cheese
349 {
350 public string PizzaTopCheese()
351 {
352 return "意式奶酪";
353 }
354 }
355
356 public class ReggianoCheese : Cheese
357 {
358 public string PizzaTopCheese()
359 {
360 return "乳酪奶酪";
361 }
362 }
363
364 public interface Clams
365 {
366 string PizzaTopClams();
367 }
368
369 public class FrozenClams : Clams
370 {
371 public string PizzaTopClams()
372 {
373 return "冰冻蛤蜊";
374 }
375 }
376
377 public class FreshClams : Clams
378 {
379 public string PizzaTopClams()
380 {
381 return "生鲜蛤蜊";
382 }
383 }
384 #endregion
