常用的SQL语句<三> 联合查询和高级用法
1、子查询(表A:table1(a,b,c) 表B:table2(c,d,e) )
select a,b,c from table1 where a IN (select d from table2 )
2、外连接查询
select table1.a, table1.b, table1.c, table2.c, table2.d, table2.e from table1 LEFT OUT JOIN table2 ON table1.c = table2.c --或者 select A.a, A.b, A.c, B.c, B.d, B.e from table1 as A LEFT OUT JOIN table2 as B ON A.c = B.c
3、between的用法,between限制查询数据范围时包括了边界值,not between不包括
select * from table1 where time between time1 and time2 select a,b,c, from table1 where a not between 数值1 and 数值2
4、in 的使用方法
select * from table1 where a [not] in ('值1','值2','值4','值6')
5、两张关联表,删除主表中已经在副表中没有的信息
delete from table1 where not exists ( select * from table2 where table1.c=table2.c)
6、多表联查问题:
select * from a left inner join b on a.a=b.b right inner join c on a.a=c.c inner join d on a.a=d.d where .....
7、数据库分页
select top 10 b.* from (select top 20 主键字段,排序字段 from 表名 order by 排序字段 desc) a,表名 b where b.主键字段 = a.主键字段 order by a.排序字段
8、前十条记录
select top 10 * form table1 where 范围
9、选择在每一组b值相同的数据中对应的a最大的记录的所有信息(类似这样的用法可以用于论坛每月排行榜,每月热销产品分析,按科目成绩排名,等等。)
select a,b,c from table1 ta where a=(select max(d) from table2 tb where tb.c=ta.c)
10、包括所有在 TableA 中但不在 TableB和TableC 中的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表
(select a from tableA ) except (select a from tableB) except (select a from tableC)
11、随机取出10条数据
select top 10 * from tablename order by newid() --随机选择记录 select newid()
12、删除重复记录
Delete from tablename where id not in (select max(id) from tablename group by col1,col2,...)
13、列出数据库里所有的表名
select name from sysobjects where type='U'
14、列出表里的所有的
select name from syscolumns where id=object_id('TableName')
15、列示type、vender、pcs字段,以type字段排列,case可以方便地实现多重选择,类似select 中的case
select type,sum(case vender when 'A' then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when 'C' then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when 'B' then pcs else 0 end) FROM tablename group by type --显示结果: --type vender pcs电脑 A 1电脑 A 1光盘 B 2光盘 A 2手机 B 3手机 C 3
16、初始化表table1
TRUNCATE TABLE table1
17、选择从10到15的记录
select top 5 * from (select top 15 * from table order by id asc) table_别名 order by id desc
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