mysql多实例安装

最好不要用最新版的mysql，之前用了5.6.36安装一直有bug,后来换了5.5.32

安装mysql多实例的前提是先将mysql的基础安装完毕，只需到make && make install。

1、mysql多实例的作用与问题
1）有效利用服务器资源
当单个服务器资源有剩余时，可以充分利用剩余的资源提供更多的服务
2）节约服务器资源
当公司资金紧张，但是数据库又需要各自尽量独立提供服务，而且，需要主从同步等技术时，多实例就再好不过了
3）资源互相抢占问题
当某个服务实例并发很高或者有慢查询时，整个实例会消耗更多的内存、cpu、磁盘、io资源，导致服务器上的其他的实例提供服务的质量下降。

2、多实例的应用场景
1）资金紧张型公司的选择
2）并发访问不是很大的业务
3）门户网站应用mysql多实例

3、多实例配置

1）创建实例目录

 mkdir -p /data/{3306,3307}/data 
 
 [root@promote ~]# tree /data
/data			总的多实例根目录
├── 3306		3306实例的目录
│   └── data	3306实例的数据文件目录
└── 3307
    └── data

想创建几个实例就创建一个目录，每个的实例的配置文件都是独立的配置文件

2）权限更改

chown -R mysql.mysql /data

3）复制配置文件

[root@promote ~]# cp data/3306/my.cnf /data/3306
[root@promote ~]# cp data/3307/my.cnf /data/3307　　

[root@promote ~]# cp data/3306/mysql /data/3306
[root@promote ~]# cp data/3307/mysql /data/3307

让mysql脚本可以执行
find /data -type f -name "mysql"|xargs chmod 700

4）更改环境变量

echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' >>/etc/profile
 source /etc/profile

　　

5）多实例启动文件启动mysql服务

初始化数据库
./mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/data/3306/data/ --user=mysql
./mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/data/3307/data/ --user=mysql

启动实例数据库
/data/3306/mysql start
/data/3307/mysql start

查看：netstat -lntup|grep 330

6)登录数据库

登录mysql实例 3306，-S /data/3306/mysql.sock 用于区别登录不同实例
mysql -S /data/3306/mysql.sock
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock

重启对应的实例数据库
/data/3306/mysql stop
/data/3307/mysql start

设置mysql不同实例登录密码
[root@MySQL scripts]# mysqladmin -uroot password oldboy123 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock
[root@MySQL scripts]# mysqladmin -uroot password oldboy456 -S /data/3307/mysql.sock

带密码登录不同实例数据库方法
mysql -uroot -poldboy456 -S /data/3307/mysql.sock
mysql -uroot -poldboy123 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock

 

关于多实例MySQL登录问题小结
1、多实例本地登录MySQL
多实例本地登录一般通过socket文件来指定具体登录到那个实例，此文件具体位置是在mysql编译过程或者my.cnf文件里指定的。在本地登录数据库时，登录程序通过socket文件来判断登录的是那个数据库实例
2、远程连接登录MySQL多实例
远程登录MySQl多实例其中的一个实例，通过TCP端口（port）来指定所要登录的MySQL实例，此端口的配置是在mysql配置文件my.cnf中指定的
端口 port 例如：mysql -uoldboy -p'oldboy' -h 192.168.10.129 -P 3307  #-P为端口参数

 

　

配置文件：

3306my.cnf

[client]
port            = 3306
socket          = /data/3306/mysql.sock

[mysql]
no-auto-rehash

[mysqld]
user    = mysql
port    = 3306
socket  = /data/3306/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/3306/data
open_files_limit    = 1024
back_log = 600
max_connections = 800
max_connect_errors = 3000
table_cache = 614
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet =8M
sort_buffer_size = 1M
join_buffer_size = 1M
thread_cache_size = 100
thread_concurrency = 2
query_cache_size = 2M
query_cache_limit = 1M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
#default_table_type = InnoDB
thread_stack = 192K
#transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size = 2M
max_heap_table_size = 2M
long_query_time = 1
#log_long_format
#log-error = /data/3306/error.log
#log-slow-queries = /data/3306/slow.log
pid-file = /data/3306/mysql.pid
log-bin = /data/3306/mysql-bin
relay-log = /data/3306/relay-bin
relay-log-info-file = /data/3306/relay-log.info
binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_binlog_size = 2M
expire_logs_days = 7
key_buffer_size = 16M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 1M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 1M
#myisam_sort_buffer_size = 1M
#myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
#myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G
#myisam_repair_threads = 1
#myisam_recover

lower_case_table_names = 1
skip-name-resolve
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062
replicate-ignore-db=mysql

server-id = 1

innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 4M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:128M:autoextend
innodb_file_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M
innodb_log_file_size = 4M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_file_per_table = 0
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 2M

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/data/3306/mysql_oldboy3306.err
pid-file=/data/3306/mysqld.pid

3306mysql：

#init
port=3306
mysql_user="root"
mysql_pwd="oldboy"
CmdPath="/usr/local/mysql/bin"
mysql_sock="/data/${port}/mysql.sock"
#startup function
function_start_mysql()
{
    if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
      printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
      /bin/sh ${CmdPath}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/${port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
    else
      printf "MySQL is running...\n"
      exit
    fi
}

#stop function
function_stop_mysql()
{
    if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
       printf "MySQL is stopped...\n"
       exit
    else
       printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
       ${CmdPath}/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_user} -p${mysql_pwd} -S /data/${port}/mysql.sock shutdown
   fi
}

#restart function
function_restart_mysql()
{
    printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
    function_stop_mysql
    sleep 2
    function_start_mysql
}

case $1 in
start)
    function_start_mysql
;;
stop)
    function_stop_mysql
;;
restart)
    function_restart_mysql
;;
*)
    printf "Usage: /data/${port}/mysql {start|stop|restart}\n"
esac

3307my.cnf

[client]
port            = 3307
socket          = /data/3307/mysql.sock

[mysql]
no-auto-rehash

[mysqld]
user    = mysql
port    = 3307
socket  = /data/3307/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/3307/data
open_files_limit    = 1024
back_log = 600
max_connections = 800
max_connect_errors = 3000
table_cache = 614
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet =8M
sort_buffer_size = 1M
join_buffer_size = 1M
thread_cache_size = 100
thread_concurrency = 2
query_cache_size = 2M
query_cache_limit = 1M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
#default_table_type = InnoDB
thread_stack = 192K
#transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size = 2M
max_heap_table_size = 2M
#long_query_time = 1
#log_long_format
#log-error = /data/3307/error.log
#log-slow-queries = /data/3307/slow.log
pid-file = /data/3307/mysql.pid
#log-bin = /data/3307/mysql-bin
relay-log = /data/3307/relay-bin
relay-log-info-file = /data/3307/relay-log.info
binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_binlog_size = 2M
expire_logs_days = 7
key_buffer_size = 16M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 1M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 1M
#myisam_sort_buffer_size = 1M
#myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
#myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G
#myisam_repair_threads = 1
#myisam_recover

lower_case_table_names = 1
skip-name-resolve
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062
replicate-ignore-db=mysql

server-id = 3

innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 4M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:128M:autoextend
innodb_file_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M
innodb_log_file_size = 4M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_file_per_table = 0
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 2M

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/data/3307/mysql_oldboy3307.err
pid-file=/data/3307/mysqld.pid

3307mysql

#init
port=3307
mysql_user="root"
mysql_pwd="oldboy"
CmdPath="/usr/local/mysql/bin"
mysql_sock="/data/${port}/mysql.sock"
#startup function
function_start_mysql()
{
    if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
      printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
      /bin/sh ${CmdPath}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/${port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
    else
      printf "MySQL is running...\n"
      exit
    fi
}

#stop function
function_stop_mysql()
{
    if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
       printf "MySQL is stopped...\n"
       exit
    else
       printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
       ${CmdPath}/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_user} -p${mysql_pwd} -S /data/${port}/mysql.sock shutdown
   fi
}

#restart function
function_restart_mysql()
{
    printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
    function_stop_mysql
    sleep 2
    function_start_mysql
}

case $1 in
start)
    function_start_mysql
;;
stop)
    function_stop_mysql
;;
restart)
    function_restart_mysql
;;
*)
    printf "Usage: /data/${port}/mysql {start|stop|restart}\n"
esac

　　

 

一些脚本故障的解决，如果此时想要登录进数据库，进不去，开启mysql的时候，提示mysql is running……，需要删除 rm -rf /data/3306mysql.sock /data/3306/*.pid

然后再开启，/data/3306/mysql start,然后登录