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websocket 实现简单网页版wechat

1.群聊

  • web - socket--基于TCP/UDP
  • http - 无状态的短链接
  • 长连接:客户端和服务器保持永久性的链接,除非有一方主动断开,
  • 轮询:客户端和服务端不断连接,然后断开,请求响应;不能保证数据的实时性.
  • 长轮询:长轮询:客户端发起请求至server,服务端不响应,服务端一直等待,链接一直建立,等待http链接自动超时(默认15s),主动断开链接

1.1 服务端

# 安装模块 gevent-websocket,基于websocket 长连接实现群聊
from flask import Flask, request, render_template
from geventwebsocket.handler import WebSocketHandler  # 请求处理WSGI HTTP
from geventwebsocket.server import WSGIServer  # 替换Flask原来的wsgi服务
from geventwebsocket.websocket import WebSocket  # 语法提示

app = Flask(__name__)
socket_lsit = []  # 建立连接的用户存在列表中


@app.route('/ws')  # 不再需要methods
def my_ws():
    # print(request.environ)  # 输出原始请求信息
    ws_socket = request.environ.get('wsgi.websocket')  # type:WebSocket #语法提示  #获取连接
    socket_lsit.append(ws_socket)  # 获取到的连接保存到列表中
    print(len(socket_lsit))  # 查看连接数
    while True:
        msg = ws_socket.receive()  # 基于长连接socket 接收用户传递的数据
        print(msg)  # 查看数据
        for usocket in socket_lsit:  # 群聊遍历所有用户
            if usocket == ws_socket:  # 如果地址等于发送消息的客户端地址,不用自己发给自己
                continue
            try:  # 处理异常
                usocket.send(msg)  # 将消息发送给所有有效连接
            except:
                continue

@app.route('/wechat')   # 客户端访问地址
def wechat():
    return render_template('ws_we.html') 


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # app.run()
    http_serv = WSGIServer(('0.0.0.0', 9527), 
                           app, 
                           handler_class=WebSocketHandler  #websocket替换http
                          ) 
    http_serv.serve_forever()

1.2 客户端(html文件)

  • 状态码status:
    • 1 当前连接处于可用状态
    • 3 由服务器主动发起断开
    • 0 正在建立连接或连接建立失败
    • 2 客户端主动发起断开
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<input type="text" id="content"><button onclick="send_msg()">发送消息</button>
<div id="content_list">

</div>

</body>
<script type="application/javascript">
    var ws = new WebSocket("ws://192.168.12.10:9527/ws");  
    ws.onmessage = function (messageEvent) {
        console.log(messageEvent.data);
        var my_div = document.getElementById("content_list");
        var ptag = document.createElement("p");
        ptag.innerText = messageEvent.data;
        my_div.appendChild(ptag);
    };
    function send_msg() {
        var msg = document.getElementById("content").value;
        ws.send(msg);
    }

</script>
</html>

2.单聊

2.1服务端

# 基于websocket 实现群聊
import json

from flask import Flask, request, render_template
from geventwebsocket.handler import WebSocketHandler  # 请求处理WSGI HTTP
from geventwebsocket.server import WSGIServer  # 替换Flask原来的wsgi服务
from geventwebsocket.websocket import WebSocket  # 语法提示

app = Flask(__name__)
# socket_dict = {'xiaobangzhu':'abc','shangjia':'adcd'}  #
socket_dict = {}  # 字段存储登录人员信息{用户的唯一标识:websocket连接}


@app.route('/ws/<username>')  # 不再需要methods
def my_ws(username):
    # print(request.environ)  # 输出原始请求信息
    ws_socket = request.environ.get('wsgi.websocket')  # type:WebSocket #语法提示  #获取连接
    print(ws_socket, username)
    socket_dict[username] = ws_socket  # 获取到的连接保存到列表中
    print(len(socket_dict), socket_dict)  # 查看连接数
    while True:
        msg = ws_socket.receive()  # 基于长连接socket 接收用户传递的数据
        msg_dict = json.loads(msg)  # msg_dict={receiver: receiver,sender: sender,data: msg,}
        receiver = msg_dict.get('receiver')  # 获取接收者的username
        receiver_socket = socket_dict.get(receiver)  # 根据receiver的username获取接收者的websocket地址
        receiver_socket.send(msg)  # 发送接收者的消息


@app.route('/wechat')
def wechat():
    return render_template('ws_one.html')  #


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # app.run()
    http_serv = WSGIServer(('0.0.0.0', 9527), app, handler_class=WebSocketHandler)
    http_serv.serve_forever()

2.2客户端(html文件)

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
基于JavaScript 实现Websocket客户端
<body>
<p>你的昵称<input type="text" id="username">
    <button onclick="login()">登录聊天室</button>
</p>
<p>给<input type="text" id="receiver">发送</p>

<input type="text" id="content">
<button onclick="send_msg()">发送消息</button>
<div id="content_list" style="width: 300px">

</div>

<script type="application/javascript">
    var ws = null;  //ws的路由地址

    function send_msg() {
        var msg = document.getElementById('content').value; //获取要发送的消息
        var receiver = document.getElementById('receiver').value;  //获取接收者的username
        var sender = document.getElementById('username').value;  //获取发送者的username
        var send_str = {    // 封装数据结构和要发送信息
            receiver: receiver,
            sender: sender,
            data: msg,
        };

        ws.send(JSON.stringify(send_str));

        // 显示我的信息
        var my_div = document.getElementById('content_list');
        var ptag = document.createElement('p');
        ptag.innerText = msg + " : " + '我';
        ptag.style.cssText = 'text-align:right';
        my_div.appendChild(ptag);
    }
        //接收消息
    function login() {
        var username = document.getElementById('username').value;
        ws = new WebSocket('ws://192.168.12.10:9527/ws/' + username);
        ws.onmessage = function (messageEvent) {
            //ws.onmessage  当ws客户端收到消息时执行回调函数
            //ws.onopen  当ws客户端建立完成连接时,status==1 时,执行的回调函数
            //ws.onclose 当ws客户端关闭中,或者关闭时,执行的回调函数status==2,3
            //ws.onerror 当ws客户端出现错误时,执行回调函数.
            console.log(messageEvent.data);
            var obj = JSON.parse(messageEvent.data);
            var my_div = document.getElementById('content_list');
            var ptag = document.createElement('p');
            ptag.innerText = obj.sender + " : " + obj.data;
            my_div.appendChild(ptag);
        };

    }


</script>
</body>
</html>

3. websocket 握手原理

import socket, base64, hashlib

sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
sock.bind(('127.0.0.1', 9527))
sock.listen(5)
# 获取客户端socket对象
conn, address = sock.accept()
# 获取客户端的【握手】信息
data = conn.recv(1024)
print(data)
"""
b'GET /ws HTTP/1.1\r\n
Host: 127.0.0.1:9527\r\n
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:62.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/62.0\r\n
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8\r\n
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2\r\n
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate\r\n
Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13\r\n
Origin: http://localhost:63342\r\n
Sec-WebSocket-Extensions: permessage-deflate\r\n
Sec-WebSocket-Key: jocLOLLq1BQWp0aZgEWL5A==\r\n
Cookie: session=6f2bab18-2dc4-426a-8f06-de22909b967b\r\n
Connection: keep-alive, Upgrade\r\n
Pragma: no-cache\r\n
Cache-Control: no-cache\r\n
Upgrade: websocket\r\n\r\n'
"""

# magic string为：258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11
magic_string = '258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11'


def get_headers(data):
    header_dict = {}
    header_str = data.decode("utf8")
    for i in header_str.split("\r\n"):
        if str(i).startswith("Sec-WebSocket-Key"):
            header_dict["Sec-WebSocket-Key"] = i.split(":")[1].strip()

    return header_dict


def get_header(data):
    """
     将请求头格式化成字典
     :param data:
     :return:
     """
    header_dict = {}
    data = str(data, encoding='utf-8')

    header, body = data.split('\r\n\r\n', 1)
    header_list = header.split('\r\n')
    for i in range(0, len(header_list)):
        if i == 0:
            if len(header_list[i].split(' ')) == 3:
                header_dict['method'], header_dict['url'], header_dict['protocol'] = header_list[i].split(' ')
        else:
            k, v = header_list[i].split(':', 1)
            header_dict[k] = v.strip()
    return header_dict


headers = get_headers(data)  # 提取请求头信息
# 对请求头中的sec-websocket-key进行加密
response_tpl = "HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols\r\n" \
               "Upgrade:websocket\r\n" \
               "Connection: Upgrade\r\n" \
               "Sec-WebSocket-Accept: %s\r\n" \
               "WebSocket-Location: ws://127.0.0.1:9527\r\n\r\n"

value = headers['Sec-WebSocket-Key'] + magic_string
print(value,"magic+websocketkey")
ac = base64.b64encode(hashlib.sha1(value.encode('utf-8')).digest())
print(ac,"accept")
response_str = response_tpl % (ac.decode('utf-8'))
# 响应【握手】信息
conn.send(response_str.encode("utf8"))

while True:
    msg = conn.recv(8096)
    print(msg)
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