python基础1--列表
列表
列表是最常用的数据类型之一,通过列表可以对数据实现最方便的存储、修改等操作
1.定义列表
1 fruits = ['apple','banana','orange']
2.通过下标访问列表中的元素,下标从0开始计数
1 >>> fruits[0] 2 'apple' 3 >>> fruits[2] 4 'orange' 5 >>> fruits[-1] 6 'orange' 7 >>> fruits[-2] 8 'banana'
3.切片
1 >>> fruits = ['apple','banana','orange','peal','grape'] 2 >>> fruits[1:4] #取下标1到下标4之间的数,包括1但不包括4 3 ['banana', 'orange', 'peal'] 4 >>> fruits[1:-1] #取下标1至-1之间的数,不包括-1 5 ['banana', 'orange', 'peal'] 6 >>> fruits[0:3] #从头开始取,不包括3 7 ['apple', 'banana', 'orange'] 8 >>> fruits[:3] #和上句一样 9 ['apple', 'banana', 'orange'] 10 >>> fruits[3:] #从下标3到最后,到末尾只能这样取 11 ['peal', 'grape'] 12 >>> fruits[0::2] #从头开始,步长为2,即隔一个取一个 13 ['apple', 'orange', 'grape'] 14 >>> fruits[::2] #和上句一样 15 ['apple', 'orange', 'grape']
4.追加,append()
1 >>> fruits 2 ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'peal', 'grape'] 3 >>> fruits.append('newpeach') 4 >>> fruits 5 ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'peal', 'grape', 'newpeach']
5.插入元素,insert()
在下标1处插入一个西瓜(watermelon)
1 ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'peal', 'grape', 'newpeach'] 2 >>> fruits.insert(1,'watermelon') 3 >>> fruits 4 ['apple', 'watermelon', 'banana', 'orange', 'peal', 'grape', 'newpeach']
6.修改列表中的元素
将banana修改为樱桃cherry
1 >>> fruits 2 ['apple', 'watermelon', 'banana', 'orange', 'peal', 'grape', 'newpeach'] 3 >>> fruits[2]='cherry' 4 >>> fruits 5 ['apple', 'watermelon', 'cherry', 'orange', 'peal', 'grape', 'newpeach']
7.删除
pop()在默认删除最后一个元素后,会返回该元素
1 >>> fruits 2 ['apple', 'watermelon', 'cherry', 'orange', 'peal', 'grape', 'newpeach'] 3 >>> del fruits[2] #删除第二个元素 4 >>> fruits 5 ['apple', 'watermelon', 'orange', 'peal', 'grape', 'newpeach'] 6 >>> fruits.remove('orange') #删除指定的元素 7 >>> fruits 8 ['apple', 'watermelon', 'peal', 'grape', 'newpeach'] 9 >>> fruits.pop() #删除最后一个元素 10 'newpeach' 11 >>> fruits 12 ['apple', 'watermelon', 'peal', 'grape']
8.扩展 extend()
1 >>> fruits 2 ['apple', 'watermelon', 'peal', 'grape'] 3 >>> vegetable = ['radish','cabbage','cucumber'] 4 >>> fruits 5 ['apple', 'watermelon', 'peal', 'grape'] 6 >>> vegetable 7 ['radish', 'cabbage', 'cucumber'] 8 >>> fruits.extend(vegetable) 9 >>> fruits 10 ['apple', 'watermelon', 'peal', 'grape', 'radish', 'cabbage', 'cucumber']
9.拷贝 copy()
1 ['apple', 'watermelon', 'peal', 'grape', 'radish', 'cabbage', 'cucumber'] 2 >>> fruits2 = fruits.copy() 3 >>> fruits2 4 ['apple', 'watermelon', 'peal', 'grape', 'radish', 'cabbage', 'cucumber']
10.统计 count()
1 >>> fruits.count('apple') 2 1
11.排序 sort() 和翻转 reverse()
1 >>> fruits 2 ['apple', 'watermelon', 'peal', 'grape', 'radish', 'cabbage', 'cucumber'] 3 >>> fruits.sort() 4 >>> fruits 5 ['apple', 'cabbage', 'cucumber', 'grape', 'peal', 'radish', 'watermelon'] 6 >>> fruits.reverse() 7 >>> fruits 8 ['watermelon', 'radish', 'peal', 'grape', 'cucumber', 'cabbage', 'apple']
12.获取下标 index()
1 ['watermelon', 'radish', 'peal', 'grape', 'cucumber', 'cabbage', 'apple'] 2 >>> fruits.index('apple') 3 6
# 只返回找到的第一个下标