HTMLUnit web测试

if you’re considering web application testing tools, you’re probably looking at more than just these two options. Canoo WebTest, TestMaker, JWebUnit, Selenium, WebDriver and JMeter are all likely to be on your list.

HtmlUnit is an open source java library for creating HTTP calls which imitate the browser functionality.
HtmlUnit is mostly used for integration testing upon Unit test frameworks such as JUnit or TestNG. This is done by requesting web pages and asserting the results.

Simple Example

@Test
public void testGoogle(){
	WebClient webClient = new WebClient();
	HtmlPage currentPage = webClient.getPage("http://www.google.com/");
	assertEquals("Google", currentPage.getTitleText());
}

WebClient

As you can see in the example, the WebClient is the starting point. It is the browser simulator.
WebClient.getPage() is just like typing an address in the browser. It returns an HtmlPage object.

HtmlPage

HtmlPage represents a single web page along with all of it’s client’s data (HTML, JavaScript, CSS …).
The HtmlPage lets you access to many of a web page content:

Page source

You can receive the page source as text or as XML.

HtmlPage currentPage = 
		webClient.getPage("http://www.google.com/");
String textSource = currentPage.asText();
String xmlSource = currentPage.asXml();

HTML Elements

HtmlPage lets you ability to access any of the page HTML elements and all of their attributes and sub elements. This includes tables, images, input fields, divs or any other Html element you may imagine.
Use the function getHtmlElementById() to get any of the page elements.

WebClient webClient = new WebClient();
HtmlPage currentPage = webClient.getPage("http://www.google.com/");
HtmlImage imgElement = (HtmlImage)currentPage.getHtmlElementById("logo");
System.out.println(imgElement.getAttribute("src"));

Anchors

Anchor is the representation of the Html tag <a href=”…” >link</a>.
Use the functions getAnchorByName(), getAnchorByHref() andgetAnchorByText() to easily access any of the anchors in the page.

WebClient webClient = new WebClient();
HtmlPage currentPage = webClient.getPage("http://www.google.com/");
HtmlAnchor advancedSearchAn = 
		currentPage.getAnchorByText("Advanced Search");
currentPage = advancedSearchAn.click();
assertEquals("Google Advanced Search",currentPage.getTitleText());

Dom elements by XPath

You can access any of the page elements by using XPath.

WebClient webClient = new WebClient();
HtmlPage currentPage = 
	webClient.getPage("http://www.google.com/search?q=avi");
 
//Using XPath to get the first result in Google query
HtmlElement element = (HtmlElement)currentPage.getByXPath("//h3").get(0);
DomNode result = element.getChildNodes().get(0);

Form control

A large part of controlling your HTML page is to control the form elements:
- HtmlForm
- HtmlTextInput
- HtmlSubmitInput
- HtmlCheckBoxInput
- HtmlHiddenInput
- HtmlPasswordInput
- HtmlRadioButtonInput
- HtmlFileInput

WebClient webClient = new WebClient();
HtmlPage currentPage = webClient.getPage("http://www.google.com/");
 
//Get the query input text
HtmlInput queryInput = currentPage.getElementByName("q");
queryInput.setValueAttribute("aviyehuda");
 
//Submit the form by pressing the submit button
HtmlSubmitInput submitBtn = currentPage.getElementByName("btnG");
currentPage = submitBtn.click();

Tables

currentPage = webClient.getPage("http://www.google.com/search?q=htmlunit");
final HtmlTable table = currentPage.getHtmlElementById("nav");
for (final HtmlTableRow row : table.getRows()) {
System.out.println("Found row");
    for (final HtmlTableCell cell : row.getCells()) {
       System.out.println("   Found cell: " + cell.asText());
    }
}

JavaScript support

HtmlUnit uses the Mozilla Rhino JavaScript engine.
This lets you the ability to run pages with JavaScript or even run JavaScript code by command.

ScriptResult result = currentPage.executeJavaScript(JavaScriptCode);

By default JavaScript exceptions will crash your tests. If you wish to ignore JavaScript exceptions use this:

webClient().setThrowExceptionOnScriptError(false);

If you would like to turn off the JavaScript all together, use this:

currentPage.getWebClient().setJavaScriptEnabled(false);

HTTP elements

URL

WebClient webClient = new WebClient();
HtmlPage currentPage = 
	webClient.getPage("http://www.google.co.uk/search?q=htmlunit");
URL url = currentPage.getWebResponse().getRequestSettings().getUrl()

Response status

WebClient webClient = new WebClient();
HtmlPage currentPage = webClient.getPage("http://www.google.com/");
assertEquals(200,currentPage.getWebResponse().getStatusCode());
assertEquals("OK",currentPage.getWebResponse().getStatusMessage());

Cookies

Set<Cookie> cookies = webClient.getCookieManager().getCookies();
for (Cookie cookie : cookies) {
	System.out.println(cookie.getName() + " = " + cookie.getValue());
}

Response headers

WebClient webClient = new WebClient();
HtmlPage currentPage = 
	webClient.getPage("http://www.google.com/search?q=htmlunit");

List<NameValuePair> headers = 
	currentPage.getWebResponse().getResponseHeaders();
for (NameValuePair header : headers) {
	System.out.println(header.getName() + " = " + header.getValue());
}

Request parameters

List<NameValuePair> parameters = 
	currentPage.getWebResponse().getRequestSettings().getRequestParameters();
for (NameValuePair parameter : parameters) {
	System.out.println(parameter.getName() + " = " + parameter.getValue());
}

Making assertions

HtmlUnit comes with a set of assetions:

   assertTitleEquals(HtmlPage, String)
   assertTitleContains(HtmlPage, String)
   assertTitleMatches(HtmlPage, String)
   assertElementPresent(HtmlPage, String)
   assertElementPresentByXPath(HtmlPage, String)
   assertElementNotPresent(HtmlPage, String)
   assertElementNotPresentByXPath(HtmlPage, String)
   assertTextPresent(HtmlPage, String)
   assertTextPresentInElement(HtmlPage, String, String)
   assertTextNotPresent(HtmlPage, String)
   assertTextNotPresentInElement(HtmlPage, String, String)
   assertLinkPresent(HtmlPage, String)
   assertLinkNotPresent(HtmlPage, String)
   assertLinkPresentWithText(HtmlPage, String)
   assertLinkNotPresentWithText(HtmlPage, String)
   assertFormPresent(HtmlPage, String)
   assertFormNotPresent(HtmlPage, String)
   assertInputPresent(HtmlPage, String)
   assertInputNotPresent(HtmlPage, String)
   assertInputContainsValue(HtmlPage, String, String)
   assertInputDoesNotContainValue(HtmlPage, String, String)

You can still of course use the framework’s assertions. For example, if you are using JUnit, you can still use assertTrue() and so on.
Here are a few examples:

WebClient webClient = new WebClient();
HtmlPage currentPage = 
      webClient.getPage("http://www.google.com/search?q=htmlunit");
 
assertEquals(200,currentPage.getWebResponse().getStatusCode());
assertEquals("OK",currentPage.getWebResponse().getStatusMessage());
WebAssert.assertTextPresent(currentPage, "htmlunit");
WebAssert.assertTitleContains(currentPage, "htmlunit");
WebAssert.assertLinkPresentWithText(currentPage, "Advanced search");
assertTrue(currentPage.getByXPath("//h3").size()>0); //result number
assertNotNull(webClient.getCookieManager().getCookie("NID"));

Bigben

httpClient不能动态执行网页中的js，这样无法获取js生成的动态网页。htmlUnit是个解决方法。

HtmlUnit – A quick introduction