Largest Number

Given a list of non negative integers, arrange them such that they form the largest number.

For example, given [3, 30, 34, 5, 9], the largest formed number is 9534330.

Note: The result may be very large, so you need to return a string instead of an integer.

看到这道题的第一感觉就是须要进行排序,可是想了想,却没有什么合适的排序算法,有种感觉就是用跟基数排序类似的算法。或者自己直接修改基数排序

结果因为数据位数的不确定,没有实施成功。然后就百度了下

import java.util.*;
public  class LargestNumber{
        public static void main(String[] args){
                int[] num = {3232543,0,0,34350,34,12312329,86,5};
                System.out.println("结果:" + getLargestNumber(num));
        }
        private static String getLargestNumber(int[] num){
                if(num.length < 1 ){
                        return "";
                }
                String[] strs = new String[num.length];
                for(int i = 0; i < num.length ; i ++){
                        strs[i] = String.valueOf(num[i]);
                }
                //依照数字在结果中的位置排序
                Arrays.sort(strs,new Cmp());
                for(int i = 0 ; i < num.length  ; i ++){
                        System.out.print(strs[i] + ",");
                }
                System.out.println();
                //把全部的字符串拼接在一起
                String res = "";
                for(int i = num.length - 1; i >= 0 ; i--){
                        res = res.concat(strs[i]);
                }
                //去掉数字开头的0,如输入[0,0]
                int i = 0;
                while(i < num.length && res.charAt(i) == 0){
                        i++;
                }
                if(i == num.length)
                        return "0";
                return res.substring(i);
        }
}
class Cmp implements Comparator<String>{
        @Override
        public int compare(String a,String b){
                String ab = a.concat(b);
                String ba = b.concat(a);
                return ab.compareTo(ba);
        }
}

这个程序里最重要的是排序所用的比較器,这个比較器是自定义的,

扩展:

Arrays.sort(T[], Comparator < ?

super T > c) 是用来对用户自己定义的对象数组排序功能的。Java 官方文档简单描写叙述了它的作用,但不足以让我们深刻理解。为了更深入地理解它,这篇文章将梳理相关的关键点。

1、简单实例:怎样使用Arrays.sort()

通过阅读以下代码。你能高速正确了解这种方法的用途。

Comparator(比較器)用于依据Dogs的size比較其大小,并作为sort方法的參数。

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import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;
 
class Dog{
    int size;  
    public Dog(int s){
        size = s;
    }
}
 
class DogSizeComparator implements Comparator<Dog>{
 
    @Override
    public int compare(Dog o1, Dog o2) {
        return o1.size - o2.size;
    }
}
 
public class ArraySort {
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Dog d1 = new Dog(2);
        Dog d2 = new Dog(1);
        Dog d3 = new Dog(3);
 
        Dog[] dogArray = {d1, d2, d3};
        printDogs(dogArray);
 
        Arrays.sort(dogArray, new DogSizeComparator());
        printDogs(dogArray);
    }
 
    public static void printDogs(Dog[] dogs){
        for(Dog d: dogs)
            System.out.print(d.size + " " );
 
        System.out.println();
    }
}
输出:
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2
2 1 3
1 2 3

2、策略模式的使用

这是运用策略模式的一个非常好的场景,为什么策略模式对于这样的场景非常适用?简单来说。策略模式使不同的算法在执行时得以选择。在这个样例中,通过传递不同的Comparator。能够选择不同的算法。

基于上例,如今如果你有一个Comparator,用weight来取代size来比較Dogs。

你能够简单创建一个新的Comprator例如以下:

class Dog{
    int size;
    int weight;
 
    public Dog(int s, int w){
        size = s;
        weight = w;
    }
}
 
class DogSizeComparator implements Comparator<Dog>{
 
    @Override
    public int compare(Dog o1, Dog o2) {
        return o1.size - o2.size;
    }
}
 
class DogWeightComparator implements Comparator<Dog>{
 
    @Override
    public int compare(Dog o1, Dog o2) {
        return o1.weight - o2.weight;
    }
}
 
public class ArraySort {
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Dog d1 = new Dog(2, 50);
        Dog d2 = new Dog(1, 30);
        Dog d3 = new Dog(3, 40);
 
        Dog[] dogArray = {d1, d2, d3};
        printDogs(dogArray);
 
        Arrays.sort(dogArray, new DogSizeComparator());
        printDogs(dogArray);
 
        Arrays.sort(dogArray, new DogWeightComparator());  
        printDogs(dogArray);
    }
 
    public static void printDogs(Dog[] dogs){
        for(Dog d: dogs)
            System.out.print("size="+d.size + " weight=" + d.weight + " ");
 
        System.out.println();
    }
}

输出:

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3
size=2 weight=50 size=1 weight=30 size=3 weight=40
size=1 weight=30 size=2 weight=50 size=3 weight=40
size=1 weight=30 size=3 weight=40 size=2 weight=50

Comparator不过一个接口。不论什么实现了Comparator在执行时都能够被使用,这是策略模式的核心理念。

3、为什么使用“super”

非常显然。假设”Comparator<T>c”作为參数,可是第二个參数是”Comparator< ? super T > c”,使用<?

super T>意味着类型能够是T或者是它的超类。为什么同意超类型呢?答案是:这样的方式同意全部子类使用同一个comparator。看看以下这个样例一目了然。

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;
 
class Animal{
    int size;
}
 
class Dog extends Animal{
    public Dog(int s){
        size = s;
    }
}
 
class Cat extends Animal{
    public Cat(int s){
        size  = s;
    }
}
 
class AnimalSizeComparator implements Comparator<Animal>{
 
    @Override
    public int compare(Animal o1, Animal o2) {
        return o1.size - o2.size;
    }
    //in this way, all sub classes of Animal can use this comparator.
}
 
public class ArraySort {
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Dog d1 = new Dog(2);
        Dog d2 = new Dog(1);
        Dog d3 = new Dog(3);
 
        Dog[] dogArray = {d1, d2, d3};
        printDogs(dogArray);
 
        Arrays.sort(dogArray, new AnimalSizeComparator()); 
        printDogs(dogArray);
 
        System.out.println();
 
        //when you have an array of Cat, same Comparator can be used.
        Cat c1 = new Cat(2);
        Cat c2 = new Cat(1);
        Cat c3 = new Cat(3);
 
        Cat[] catArray = {c1, c2, c3};
        printDogs(catArray);
 
        Arrays.sort(catArray, new AnimalSizeComparator()); 
        printDogs(catArray);
    }
 
    public static void printDogs(Animal[] animals){
        for(Animal a: animals)
        System.out.print("size="+a.size + " ");
        System.out.println();
    }
}
输出:
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size=2 size=1 size=3
size=1 size=2 size=3
 
size=2 size=1 size=3
size=1 size=2 size=3

4、总结

总的来说。从Arrays.sort()中你应该了解到:

  1. generic(范型)——super
  2. 策略模式
  3. 归并排序——nlog(n)时间复杂度
  4.  java.util.Collections.sort(List<T>list, Comparator<?super T> c)类似于Arrays.sort

參考:Arrays.sort(T[], java.util.Comparator)


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posted @ 2015-09-15 21:28  phlsheji  阅读(256)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报