expect

在shell脚本中利用expect实现自己主动应答

測试脚本（已验证，来自于http://forum.ubuntu.org.cn/ntopic21611.html):
要交互的脚本（talk.sh）例如以下: 
#!/bin/bash 
echo "Who are you?" 
read who 
echo "Hello,$who" 
echo "Are you happy?" 
read answer 
echo "why?" 
read answer 

实现自己主动应答的脚本auto.sh例如以下: 
#!/bin/bash 

expect<<- END 
spawn ./talk.sh 
expect "who" 
send "firefly\n" 
expect "happy?" 
send "Yes,I am happy.\n" 
expect "why?" 
send "Because it worked!\n" 
expect eof 
exit 
END 

运行auto.sh后能够看到自己主动交互例如以下： 
spawn ./talk.sh 
Who are you? 
firefly 
Hello,firefly 
Are you happy? 
Yes,I am happy. 
why? 
Because it worked! 
眼下仅仅用到了expect最主要的使用方法，只是对用脚本实现自己主动化已经非常实用了 
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expect 实现su root:
#!/usr/bin/expect

#created by neilzhao of linpus corp.

set passwd 111111
spawn su
expect "Password:"
send "$passwd\n"
interact

自己主动ssh登录的几种方法
自己主动ssh登录的几种方法 1. 自己主动ssh/scp方法==

A为本地主机(即用于控制其它主机的机器) ;
B为远程主机(即被控制的机器Server), 假如ip为192.168.60.110;
A和B的系统都是Linux

在A上执行命令:
# ssh-keygen -t rsa (连续三次回车,即在本地生成了公钥和私钥,不设置password)
# ssh "mkdir .ssh" (须要输入password)
# scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub :.ssh/id_rsa.pub (须要输入password)

在B上的命令:
# touch /root/.ssh/authorized_keys (假设已经存在这个文件, 跳过这条)
# cat /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys (将id_rsa.pub的内容追加到authorized_keys 中)

回到A机器:
# ssh (不须要password, 登录成功) 


2. 控制n个机器如上所述自己主动登录
那就须要n对钥匙(密钥和公钥), ssh-keygen 命令能够任意更改钥匙对的名字, 比方:
# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): /root/.ssh/id_rsa_192.168.60.110

这样私钥和公钥的名字分别就是: id_rsa_192.168.60.110和 id_rsa_192.168.60.110.pub;然后将 id_rsa_192.168.60.110.pub 文件的内容, 追加到sever的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys文件里,最后, 在本地用ssh命令的 -i 參数指定本地密钥, 并登录:
# ssh -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa_192.168.60.110 

scp也是一样的
# scp -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa_192.168.60.110 filename :/home/someone

在文件.bashrc中加下两行，每次做相同的操作就不用敲入这样长的命令了：
alias sshcell='ssh -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa_192.168.60.110 '
alias scpcell='scp -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa_192.168.60.110 filename :/home/someone'

这样，直接键入一下指令实现ssh和scp自己主动登录：
# sshcell
# scpcell


3. 自己主动ssh/scp脚本
假设须要从A，到B，然后才可以到C，那么须要ssh和scp两次，是比較麻烦的。
ssh自己主动登录：
#!/usr/bin/expect -f
set timeout 30
spawn ssh weiqiong@B
expect "password:"
send "pppppp\r"
expect "]*"
send "ssh weiqiong@C\r"
expect "password:"
send "pppppp\r"
interact


scp从A复制文件到C：
#!/usr/bin/expect -f
set timeout 300
set file [lindex $argv 0]
spawn scp $file weiqiong@B:/home/weiqiong
expect "password:"
send "pppppp\r"
expect "]*"
spawn ssh weiqiong@B
expect "password:"
send "pppppp\r"
expect "]*"
send "scp $file weiqiong@C:/home/weiqiong\r"
expect "password:"
send "pppppp\r"
expect "]*"
exit
interact

scp从C复制文件到A：
#!/usr/bin/expect -f
set timeout 300
set file [lindex $argv 0]
spawn ssh weiqiong@B
expect "password:"
send "pppppp\r"
expect "]*"
send "scp weiqiong@C:/home/weiqiong/$file .\r"
expect "password:"
send "pppppp\r"
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"
expect "]*"
spawn scp weiqiong@B:/home/weiqiong/$file .
expect "password:"
send "pppppp\r"
interact

4. 建立ssh/scp通道
比方说我的机器是A，中间server为B，目标server是C<br>
从A能够ssh到B，从B能够ssh到C，可是A不能直接ssh到C<br>
如今展示利用ssh通道技术从A直接传输文件到C<br>
1. ssh -L1234:C:22 userid@B<br>
input B's password<br>
(1234是本机A的空暇port，该指令须要A机器上的root用户权限，实际上是在本机1234port建立了一个通道)<br>

2. 打开一个新的console，键入：<br>
scp -P1234 filename userid@localhost:<br>
input C's password

原文地址 http://bbs.linuxpk.com/viewthread.php?tid=9327