linux 挂载新硬盘
查看硬盘设备
新硬盘设备在/dev目录下, 命名规则一般是sda, sdb, sdc...
每个硬盘的分区会形成一个分区文件, 同样在/dev目录下, 命名规则一般是(以sda为例) sda1, sda2......
用fdisk对这块硬盘分区
fdisk /dev/sdb
# 按 m 可显示菜单
Command (m for help): m
Help:
DOS (MBR)
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit nested BSD disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
Generic
d delete a partition
F list free unpartitioned space
l list known partition types
n add a new partition
p print the partition table
t change a partition type
v verify the partition table
i print information about a partition
Misc
m print this menu
u change display/entry units
x extra functionality (experts only)
Script
I load disk layout from sfdisk script file
O dump disk layout to sfdisk script file
Save & Exit
w write table to disk and exit
q quit without saving changes
Create a new label
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition table
o create a new empty DOS partition table
s create a new empty Sun partition table
# 按 g 创建新的GPT分区表
# 按 n 在分区表内创建新的分区
# 按 w 写入分区表, 保存并推出
经过以上步骤后分区的建立已经完成，但是此时系统还无法识别分区表
内核重新读取分区表
partprobe /dev/sdb
- 注意：这里是整个磁盘sdb，不是磁盘分区sdb1
创建文件系统（格式化分区）
Linux 中的主流的文件系统有：ext4和xfsd等, 通常建立ext4文件系统
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
- 注意：这里是磁盘分区sdb1，不是整个磁盘sdb
挂载
手动挂载
mount /dev/sdb1 /home/upload/file/
使用df查看挂载情况
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 16G 0 16G 0% /dev
tmpfs 3.2G 11M 3.2G 1% /run
/dev/sda1 92G 60G 28G 69% /
tmpfs 16G 192K 16G 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda6 945M 137M 744M 16% /boot
/dev/sda7 1.7T 1.6T 55G 97% /home
tmpfs 3.2G 36K 3.2G 1% /run/user/1000
/dev/sdb1 917G 72M 871G 1% /home/upload/file ---------- 此行为新挂载硬盘
这里已经挂载成功，但是这只是一次性的，重启后就会消失
永久挂载
要对/etc/fstab文件编辑
vi /etc/fstab
命令运行结果(文件内容) :
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
# / was on /dev/sda1 during installation
UUID=172fbcba-9aad-4c84-88b5-8f271b1c8d69 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
# /boot was on /dev/sda6 during installation
UUID=bdfe743b-3350-4d4e-a94f-dc734210c6c0 /boot ext4 defaults 0 2
# /home was on /dev/sda7 during installation
UUID=2a0fc22c-6f11-446d-bf99-2bd0913c5635 /home ext4 defaults 0 2
# swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation
UUID=7403ecf6-b49b-4612-9036-afc85debed9e none swap sw 0 0
# disk size 1TB sdb to /home/upload/file
/dev/sdb1 /home/upload/file ext4 defaults 0 0
扩展:
#UUID的查询：
blkid
检查配置
以上步骤完成后，还需要判断是否正确
mount -a
