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Java中 Comparable和Comparator的区别

Comparable

public interface Comparable<T>

Comparable接口对实现它的每个类的对象强加一个整体排序。 这个排序被称为类的自然排序 ,类的compareTo方法被称为其自然比较方法。该接口有且只有一个方法int compareTo(T o)所以继承此接口需要实现该方法。compareTo返回值-1、0、1。 
Collections.sort (和Arrays.sort )可以自动对实现此接口的对象进行列表(和数组)排序。

Comparable接口中只有一个方法:

public int compareTo(T o);

  调用此方法的对象,也就是this和o进行比较,若返回值大于0则this大于o,返回值等于0则是this等于o,返回值小于0则是this<o,而这个Comparable是直接在我们的自定义类User上实现,因为this是需要一个明确的比较对象的,也就是一般情况下我们会在定义User类的时候有排序的需求,就要实现此接口。

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;

public class UserComparable implements Comparable<UserComparable> {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public UserComparable(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "UserComparable{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }

    @Override
    public int compareTo(UserComparable o) {
        if (this.name.compareTo(o.name)==0){
            if (this.age == o.age){
                return 0;
            }else if (this.age >o.age){
                return 1;
            }else {
                return -1;
            }
        }else if (this.name.compareTo(o.name)>0){
            return 1;
        }else {
            return -1;
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<UserComparable> list = new ArrayList<UserComparable>();
        list.add(new UserComparable("gol",21));
        list.add(new UserComparable("gol",19));
        list.add(new UserComparable("xiao",21));
        list.add(new UserComparable("long",21));
        System.out.println("排序前:"+list);
        //排序规则:先按name排序,若name相等则再比较age
        Collections.sort(list);
        System.out.println("排序后:"+list);
    }
}

输出结果为:

//排序前:
[UserComparable{name='gol', age=21}, UserComparable{name='gol', age=19}, UserComparable{name='xiao', age=21}, UserComparable{name='long', age=21}]
//排序后:
[UserComparable{name='gol', age=19}, UserComparable{name='gol', age=21}, UserComparable{name='long', age=21}, UserComparable{name='xiao', age=21}]

Comparator

public interface Comparator<T>

    比较功能,对一些对象的集合施加了一个整体排序 。 可以将比较器传递给排序方法(如Collections.sort或Arrays.sort ),以便对排序顺序进行精确控制。

    一般是在比较器例如: Collections.sort(List<T> list, Comparator<? super T> c) ,Arrays.sort(T[] a, Comparator<? super T> c)根据指定的比较器引起的顺序对指定的列表进行排序。 在Comparator比较器中重写int compare(T o1, T o2) 如果遇到数字的比较,直接在方法内返回两个对象的属性的差值,例如o1.getValue()-o2.getValue() 是升序,o2.getValue()-o1.getValue() 是降序;如果遇到字符形式的比较利用compareTo(T o) 方法(String实现了Comparable接口)进行比较,该方法比较从头开始每一个字符,当前者大于后者返回1,当前者小于后者返回-1。

 

  Comparator接口中方法很多,但是我们只需要实现一个,也是最重要的一个compare,也许有的人会好奇为什么接口中的方法可以不用实现,因为这是JDK8以后的新特性,在接口中用default修饰的方法可以有方法体,在实现接口的时候可以不用重写。

int compare(T o1, T o2);

  compare比较的o1和o2,返回值大于0则o1大于o2,依次类推,对于compare;来说this是谁不重要,所比较的两个对象都已经传入到方法中,所有Comparator就是有个外部比较器,在我们设计User初时,并不需要它有比较功能,在后期扩展业务是,Comparator的存在可以使我们在不修改源代码的情况下来完成需求,只需要新定义一个比较器来实现Comparator,重写compare方法并将User对象传进去。

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;

public class User {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public User(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<User> list = new ArrayList<User>();
        list.add(new User("gol", 21));
        list.add(new User("gol", 19));
        list.add(new User("xiao", 21));
        list.add(new User("long", 21));
        System.out.println("排序前:" + list);
        //排序规则:先按name排序,若name相等则再比较age
        //创建比较器对象
        Comparator comparator = new UserComparator();
        Collections.sort(list,comparator);
        System.out.println("排序后:" + list);
    }

    static class UserComparator implements Comparator<User> {

        @Override
        public int compare(User o1, User o2) {
            if (o1.name.compareTo(o2.name) == 0) {
                if (o1.age == o2.age) {
                    return 0;
                } else if (o1.age > o2.age) {
                    return 1;
                } else {
                    return -1;
                }
            } else if (o1.name.compareTo(o2.name) > 0) {
                return 1;
            } else {
                return -1;
            }
        }
    }
}

输出结果为:

//排序前:
[User{name='gol', age=21}, User{name='gol', age=19}, User{name='xiao', age=21}, User{name='long', age=21}]
//排序后:
[User{name='gol', age=19}, User{name='gol', age=21}, User{name='long', age=21}, User{name='xiao', age=21}]

结合案例

Comparable

OrderBean订单类

继承了Comparable这个借口,有个简单的比较,升序的

//订单
public class OrderBean implements Comparable<OrderBean>{
    private int id;         //id
    private String cdate;   //创建时间
    private String product; //产品名称
    private int weight;     //重量
    private long price;     //价格
    
    public OrderBean(int id, String cdate, String product, int weight, long price) {
        this.id = id;
        this.cdate = cdate;
        this.product = product;
        this.weight = weight;
        this.price = price;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getCdate() {
        return cdate;
    }

    public void setCdate(String cdate) {
        this.cdate = cdate;
    }

    public String getProduct() {
        return product;
    }

    public void setProduct(String product) {
        this.product = product;
    }

    public int getWeight() {
        return weight;
    }

    public void setWeight(int weight) {
        this.weight = weight;
    }

    public long getPrice() {
        return price;
    }

    public void setPrice(long price) {
        this.price = price;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "\nOrder_"+id+": ["
                + "cdate="+cdate+", "
                + "product="+product+", "
                + "weight="+weight+" KG, "
                + "price="+price+" RMB, "
                + "]";
    }

    /**
     * 按照weight升序
     * sort的话默认调用
     * */
    public int compareTo(OrderBean o) {
        return weight - o.getWeight();
    }
}
View Code

Comparable接口使用

如果bean类继承Comparable接口,那么它的集合使用Collections.sort(list);可以默认调用bean类中复写的compareTo这个方法,进行排序
也可以使用compareTo单独比较两个类。

private void testComparable() {
        System.out.println("\n\n testComparable()>>>");
        OrderBean order1 = new OrderBean(1,"2018-01-01","牛肉",10,300);
        OrderBean order2 = new OrderBean(5,"2018-01-01","怪兽肉",80,400);
        OrderBean order3 = new OrderBean(2,"2018-02-01","牛肉",100,300);
        OrderBean order4 = new OrderBean(9,"2018-03-01","唐僧肉",2,600);
        
        List<OrderBean> list = new ArrayList<OrderBean>();
        list.add(order1);
        list.add(order2);
        list.add(order3);
        list.add(order4);
        
        // weight升序排列
        Collections.sort(list);
        System.out.println("按照订单的weight升序排列:" + list);
        System.out.println("比较1和3:"+order1.compareTo(order3));
    }
View Code

输出:

按照订单的weight升序排列:[
Order_9: [cdate=2018-03-01, product=唐僧肉, weight=2 KG, price=600 RMB, ], 
Order_1: [cdate=2018-01-01, product=牛肉, weight=10 KG, price=300 RMB, ], 
Order_5: [cdate=2018-01-01, product=怪兽肉, weight=80 KG, price=400 RMB, ], 
Order_2: [cdate=2018-02-01, product=牛肉, weight=100 KG, price=300 RMB, ]]
比较1和3:-90
View Code

Comparator比较器的使用

  • 排序:大于、小于、等于
  • 分组:等于、不等于
private void testComparator() {
        System.out.println("\n\n testComparator()>>>");
        OrderBean order1 = new OrderBean(1,"2018-01-01","牛肉",10,300);
        OrderBean order2 = new OrderBean(5,"2018-01-01","怪兽肉",80,400);
        OrderBean order3 = new OrderBean(2,"2018-02-01","牛肉",100,300);
        OrderBean order4 = new OrderBean(9,"2018-03-01","唐僧肉",2,600);
        
        List<OrderBean> list = new ArrayList<OrderBean>();
        list.add(order1);
        list.add(order2);
        list.add(order3);
        list.add(order4);
        
        /**
         * ----------------排列-----------------
         * 大于、小于、等于
         * */
        //id降序排列
        Collections.sort(list, new Comparator<OrderBean>() {
            public int compare(OrderBean o1, OrderBean o2) {
                return o2.getId() - o1.getId();
            }
        });
        System.out.println("按照订单的id降序排列:"+list);
        
        
        //单价升序排列
        Collections.sort(list, new Comparator<OrderBean>() {
            public int compare(OrderBean o1, OrderBean o2) {
                return (int)(o1.getPrice()/o1.getWeight() - o2.getPrice()/o2.getWeight());
            }
        });
        System.out.println("按照订单的单价升序排列:"+list);
        System.out.println("\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\");
        
        /**
         * ----------------分组-----------------
         * 等于、不等于
         * */
        List<List<OrderBean>> byDate = divider(list,new Comparator<OrderBean>() {
            public int compare(OrderBean o1, OrderBean o2) {
                return o1.getCdate().equals(o2.getCdate()) ? 0:1;
            }
        });
        for(int i=0;i<byDate.size();i++) {
            System.out.println("按照订单的cdate分组【"+i+"】:"+byDate.get(i));
        }
        
        
    }
View Code

输出:

按照订单的id降序排列:[
Order_9: [cdate=2018-03-01, product=唐僧肉, weight=2 KG, price=600 RMB, ], 
Order_5: [cdate=2018-01-01, product=怪兽肉, weight=80 KG, price=400 RMB, ], 
Order_2: [cdate=2018-02-01, product=牛肉, weight=100 KG, price=300 RMB, ], 
Order_1: [cdate=2018-01-01, product=牛肉, weight=10 KG, price=300 RMB, ]]
按照订单的单价升序排列:[
Order_2: [cdate=2018-02-01, product=牛肉, weight=100 KG, price=300 RMB, ], 
Order_5: [cdate=2018-01-01, product=怪兽肉, weight=80 KG, price=400 RMB, ], 
Order_1: [cdate=2018-01-01, product=牛肉, weight=10 KG, price=300 RMB, ], 
Order_9: [cdate=2018-03-01, product=唐僧肉, weight=2 KG, price=600 RMB, ]]
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
按照订单的cdate分组【0】:[
Order_2: [cdate=2018-02-01, product=牛肉, weight=100 KG, price=300 RMB, ]]
按照订单的cdate分组【1】:[
Order_5: [cdate=2018-01-01, product=怪兽肉, weight=80 KG, price=400 RMB, ], 
Order_1: [cdate=2018-01-01, product=牛肉, weight=10 KG, price=300 RMB, ]]
按照订单的cdate分组【2】:[
Order_9: [cdate=2018-03-01, product=唐僧肉, weight=2 KG, price=600 RMB, ]]
View Code

java8简单写法:

 //reversed() 反向排序
Collections.sort(list,Comparator.comparing(User::getAge).reversed().thenComparing(User::getName));

 

总结:

  Comparable相当于“内部比较器”,而Comparator相当于“外部比较器”。

  java中大部分我们常用的数据类型的类都实现了Comparable接口,而仅仅只有一个抽象类RuleBasedCollator实现了Comparator接口 ,还是我们不常用的类,这并不是要用Comparab而不要使用Comparator,在设计初时有需求就选择Comparable,若后期需要扩展或增加排序需求是,再增加一个比较器Comparator。

 

 

 

参考文章:

https://www.cnblogs.com/gollong/p/9667789.html

https://blog.csdn.net/yguoelect/article/details/77435073

https://www.jianshu.com/p/53ac9ffb8acb

 

posted @ 2019-08-05 15:13  字节悦动  阅读(232)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报