题目：
一个文本通讯录要求：
- 内容含有：姓名，电话(手机，座机)，qq，email
- 存储功能实现：通过命令行输入后保存到文件
- 读取功能和兼容性：自己程序能读出其他同学创建的通讯录
#!/usr/bin/env python
#!encoding:utf-8
#filename:contacts_list.py
#QUESTION FROM:http://uliweb.clkg.org/tutorial/view_chapter/183
import pickle, pprint
import os, sys
def create_contact(file_path): #初始化通讯录文本
exist = os.path.isfile(file_path)
if exist:
os.remove(file_path)#如果已经存在则删除通讯录，下一步重新建立
print "remove old conntact list successfully ! "
init_contact = {
'lijyt':{'cellphone':'13990000343','tel':'0512-86565544','qq':'45453242','e-mail':'erew@126.com'},
'zhanw':{'cellphone':'15992222343','tel':'0523-89565544','qq':'89545445','e-mail':'ujjy@126.com'},
'dongf':{'cellphone':'18905555343','tel':'0545-84565544','qq':'12453242','e-mail':'zxzc@126.com'}
}
f = open(file_path,'w')
pickle.dump(init_contact,f)
f.close()
print "create new contact list successfully !"
def load_contact(file_path):#通讯录加载函数
exist = os.path.isfile(file_path)#检查文件是否存在，不存在则退出
if not exist:
print "The file %s is not exist! check again " % file_path
exit
f = open(file_path,'r')
contact = pickle.load(f)
pprint.pprint(contact)
f.close()
def add_contact(file_path):#增加用户函数（是否可以先写增加的dict,再通过update更新到contact？）
exist = os.path.isfile(file_path)#检查文件是否存在，不存在则退出
if not exist:
print "The file %s is not exist! check again " % file_path
exit
f = open(file_path,'a+')
contact = pickle.load(f)#加载通讯录
#打开通讯录文本后进行新的用户添加输入
name = raw_input('>> name:' )
contact[name] = {}
cellphone = raw_input('>> cellphone:' )
contact[name]['cellphone'] = cellphone
qq = raw_input('>> qq:' )
contact[name]['qq'] = qq
tel = raw_input('>> tel:' )
contact[name]['tel'] = tel
e_mail = raw_input('>> e-mail:' )
contact[name]['e-mail'] = e_mail
f.close()
#写入文本中
f = open(file_path,'w+')
pickle.dump(contact,f)#重写通讯录
f.close()
def menu_choice():#选择查询还是增加用户信息等
print " *******Welcome to use this python contact_list******* "
usage = '''
FUNCTION YOU CAN USE:
(1)SEARCH SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "search"
(2)ADDING SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "adding"
(3)READING SOMEONE'S CONTACT LIST? INPUT: "reading"
(4)(!ATTENTION)RESET CONTACT_LIST OR INITIALIZE: "reset"
'''
print usage,'\n'
try:
choice = raw_input('input your choice refered before >>')
if choice == 'reading':#一对if else选择进行读取自己的还是别人的conact
input_dir = raw_input('input someone contact list file path (eg: E:\python\list1.txt)\n >>>')
path_others = r'%s' % input_dir
load_contact(path_others)
else:
in_put = raw_input('input your contact list file path (eg: E:\python\list1.txt)\n >>>')
path = r'%s' % in_put
#path = r'E:\study\python\tmp\contact_list1.txt'
if choice == 'search':
load_contact(path)
elif choice == 'adding':
add_contact(path)
elif choice == 'reset':
create_contact(path)
else:
print '''
retry to run the program!
%s
''' % usage
except:
print "something wrong!"
while True:
menu_choice()
实现情况：
根据题目的要求，基本功能应该都实现了，剩下的只是兼容性及容错性的问题，个人觉得可以进行改进的方面如下：
1）对dict的更新，可否用update去实现，并同步到文本？反复加载或者重写对大数据处理可能就变慢了
2）对于读取他人的通讯录，需要进行严格的限制，否则不符合pickle的格式，导致无法读取，有无其他更好的兼容方法？
3）有几个地方可以循环的更流畅，每次选择时，可否只输入一次目录地址，如果没有选择reading，都按默认选项来？这样可以方便反复增加用户，这个应该容易，循环嵌套问题。
4）查询时，可否按名字查询，或者其它选择方式？可以更加明确目标。
5）对某个用户进行删除，该如何做呢？
其它就是过程简化方面的了，暂时想到上面的想法。
下面运行起来看下结果如何：
>>> ================================ RESTART ================================
>>>
*******Welcome to use this python contact_list*******
FUNCTION YOU CAN USE:
(1)SEARCH SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "search"
(2)ADDING SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "adding"
(3)READING SOMEONE'S CONTACT LIST? INPUT: "reading"
(4)(!ATTENTION)RESET CONTACT_LIST OR INITIALIZE: "reset"
input your choice refered before >>search
input your contact list file path (eg: E:\python\list1.txt)
>>>D:\test_tmp
The file D:\test_tmp is not exist! check again
something wrong!
*******Welcome to use this python contact_list*******
FUNCTION YOU CAN USE:
(1)SEARCH SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "search"
(2)ADDING SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "adding"
(3)READING SOMEONE'S CONTACT LIST? INPUT: "reading"
(4)(!ATTENTION)RESET CONTACT_LIST OR INITIALIZE: "reset"
input your choice refered before >>reset
input your contact list file path (eg: E:\python\list1.txt)
>>>D:\test_tmp\contact_list.txt
create new contact list successfully !
*******Welcome to use this python contact_list*******
FUNCTION YOU CAN USE:
(1)SEARCH SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "search"
(2)ADDING SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "adding"
(3)READING SOMEONE'S CONTACT LIST? INPUT: "reading"
(4)(!ATTENTION)RESET CONTACT_LIST OR INITIALIZE: "reset"
input your choice refered before >>search
input your contact list file path (eg: E:\python\list1.txt)
>>>D:\test_tmp\contact_list.txt
{'dongf': {'cellphone': '18905555343',
'e-mail': 'zxzc@126.com',
'qq': '12453242',
'tel': '0545-84565544'},
'lijyt': {'cellphone': '13990000343',
'e-mail': 'erew@126.com',
'qq': '45453242',
'tel': '0512-86565544'},
'zhanw': {'cellphone': '15992222343',
'e-mail': 'ujjy@126.com',
'qq': '89545445',
'tel': '0523-89565544'}}
*******Welcome to use this python contact_list*******
FUNCTION YOU CAN USE:
(1)SEARCH SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "search"
(2)ADDING SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "adding"
(3)READING SOMEONE'S CONTACT LIST? INPUT: "reading"
(4)(!ATTENTION)RESET CONTACT_LIST OR INITIALIZE: "reset"
input your choice refered before >>adding
input your contact list file path (eg: E:\python\list1.txt)
>>>D:\test_tmp\contact_list.txt
>> name:boys
>> cellphone:13487677868
>> qq:3454554655
>> tel:0513-65546567
>> e-mail:56ert@163.com
*******Welcome to use this python contact_list*******
FUNCTION YOU CAN USE:
(1)SEARCH SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "search"
(2)ADDING SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "adding"
(3)READING SOMEONE'S CONTACT LIST? INPUT: "reading"
(4)(!ATTENTION)RESET CONTACT_LIST OR INITIALIZE: "reset"
input your choice refered before >>search
input your contact list file path (eg: E:\python\list1.txt)
>>>D:\test_tmp\contact_list.txt
{'boys': {'cellphone': '13487677868',
'e-mail': '56ert@163.com',
'qq': '3454554655',
'tel': '0513-65546567'},
'dongf': {'cellphone': '18905555343',
'e-mail': 'zxzc@126.com',
'qq': '12453242',
'tel': '0545-84565544'},
'lijyt': {'cellphone': '13990000343',
'e-mail': 'erew@126.com',
'qq': '45453242',
'tel': '0512-86565544'},
'zhanw': {'cellphone': '15992222343',
'e-mail': 'ujjy@126.com',
'qq': '89545445',
'tel': '0523-89565544'}}
*******Welcome to use this python contact_list*******
FUNCTION YOU CAN USE:
(1)SEARCH SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "search"
(2)ADDING SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "adding"
(3)READING SOMEONE'S CONTACT LIST? INPUT: "reading"
(4)(!ATTENTION)RESET CONTACT_LIST OR INITIALIZE: "reset"
input your choice refered before >>reading
input someone contact list file path (eg: E:\python\list1.txt)
>>>D:\test_tmp\contact_list.txt
{'boys': {'cellphone': '13487677868',
'e-mail': '56ert@163.com',
'qq': '3454554655',
'tel': '0513-65546567'},
'dongf': {'cellphone': '18905555343',
'e-mail': 'zxzc@126.com',
'qq': '12453242',
'tel': '0545-84565544'},
'lijyt': {'cellphone': '13990000343',
'e-mail': 'erew@126.com',
'qq': '45453242',
'tel': '0512-86565544'},
'zhanw': {'cellphone': '15992222343',
'e-mail': 'ujjy@126.com',
'qq': '89545445',
'tel': '0523-89565544'}}
*******Welcome to use this python contact_list*******
FUNCTION YOU CAN USE:
(1)SEARCH SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "search"
(2)ADDING SOMEONE INFOR ON THE CONTACT,INPUT: "adding"
(3)READING SOMEONE'S CONTACT LIST? INPUT: "reading"
(4)(!ATTENTION)RESET CONTACT_LIST OR INITIALIZE: "reset"
input your choice refered before >>上面执行的步骤是：
1、文件不存在
2、创建contact list
3、查询
4、增加用户
5、查询是否增加
6、读取其它通讯录（实际中用的是原来的）
整个流程基本是走完了，看样子还行。
总结：
这个程序中用到的知识：
1、文件的操作（打开，移除，创建）
2、pickle模块的使用，加载与生成
3、字典的初始化，增删
4、输入与字典赋值
5、循环的使用if else，while，异常处理等
本文来自博客园，作者：{Julius}，转载请注明原文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/bestechshare/p/16447753.html
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