JavaSE学习总结(九)—— Java访问数据库(JDBC)
一、JDBC简介
JDBC(Java Data Base Connectivity,java数据库连接)是一种用于执行SQL语句的Java API,可以为多种关系数据库提供统一访问,它由一组用Java语言编写的类和接口组成。JDBC提供了一种基准,据此可以构建更高级的工具和接口,使数据库开发人员能够编写数据库应用程序。JDBC是用于java操作数据库,如完成数据库的连接,添加,修改,删除,查询等操作。
1.2、工作原理
JDBC API可做三件事:与数据库建立连接、执行SQL 语句、处理结果
DriverManager :依据数据库的不同,管理JDBC驱动
Connection :负责连接数据库并担任传送数据的任务
Statement :由 Connection 产生、负责执行SQL语句
ResultSet:负责保存Statement执行后所产生的查询结果集
1.3、简单示例
1.3.1、创建表与添加数据
#创建表 CREATE TABLE `stu` ( `id` int NULL AUTO_INCREMENT , `name` varchar(32) NOT NULL , `sex` varchar(4) NULL , `age` int NULL , PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ); #删除表 drop table stu #添加数据 insert into stu(name,sex,age) values('张学友','男',18); insert into stu(name,sex,age) values('张娜拉','女',73); insert into stu(name,sex,age) values('张家辉','男',23); insert into stu(name,sex,age) values('张汇美','女',85); insert into stu(name,sex,age) values('张铁林','男',35); insert into stu(name,sex,age) values('张国立','男',99); #2、查询数据----- #2.1、查询所有学生 select id,name,sex,age from stu; #2.2、查询年龄大于80岁女学生 select id,name,sex,age from stu where age>80 and sex='女'; #2.3、查询平均年龄 select AVG(age) from stu where sex='女'; #3、修改数据----- #3.1、将编号为1的学生年龄加大1岁 update stu set age=age+1 where id=1; #3.2、将80岁以上的女学生年龄修改为90岁且将姓名后增加“老人” #CONCAT(str1,str2,...) 连接字符串 update stu set age=90,name=CONCAT(name,'(老人)') where age>=80 and sex='女'; #3.3、将编号4的学生名字修改为张汇美 update stu set name='张汇美' where id=4; #4、删除数据----- #4.1、删除年龄大于70岁的学生 delete from stu where age>70; #4.2、删除所有学生 delete from stu;
1.3.2、添加引用
请查看第二大点
1.3.3、连接数据库并查询所有学生信息
package com.zhangguo.chapter11.demo1; import java.sql.*; public class StudentJDBC { //加载驱动 static{ try { //反射获得类型 Class.forName( "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" ); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { //连接对象 Connection conn = null; try { //获得连接对象,school数据库名,root用户名,uchr@123密码 conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/school", "root", "uchr@123" ); System.out.println("连接成功"); //查询所有学生信息,命令对象 PreparedStatement cmd=conn.prepareStatement("select id,name,sex,age from stu"); //执行查询并返回结果集 ResultSet set=cmd.executeQuery(); //遍历每一行 while (set.next()) { //取出当前行的id值 System.out.print(set.getInt("id")+"\t"); System.out.print(set.getString("name")+"\t"); System.out.print(set.getString("sex")+"\t"); System.out.print(set.getInt("age")+"\n"); } //关闭结果集 set.close(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { try { //关闭连接 conn.close(); System.out.println("关闭成功"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }
结果:
二、加载驱动
2.1、下载驱动
https://www.mysql.com/products/connector/
2.2、在java应用程序中引入jar驱动包
//加载驱动 static{ try { //反射获得类型 Class.forName( "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" ); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }
三、获取数据库连接
//获得连接对象,school数据库名,root用户名,uchr@123密码 conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/school?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8", "root", "uchr@123" ); System.out.println("连接成功");
四、Java实现数据库访问
package com.zhangguo.chapter11.demo1; import java.sql.*; public class StudentJDBC { //加载驱动 static{ try { //反射获得类型 Class.forName( "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" ); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { //连接对象 Connection conn = null; try { //获得连接对象,school数据库名,root用户名,uchr@123密码 conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/school?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8", "root", "uchr@123" ); System.out.println("连接成功"); //查询所有学生信息,命令对象 PreparedStatement cmd=conn.prepareStatement("select id,name,sex,age from stu"); //执行查询并返回结果集 ResultSet set=cmd.executeQuery(); //遍历每一行 while (set.next()) { //取出当前行的id值 System.out.print(set.getInt("id")+"\t"); System.out.print(set.getString("name")+"\t"); System.out.print(set.getString("sex")+"\t"); System.out.print(set.getInt("age")+"\n"); } //关闭结果集 set.close(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { try { //关闭连接 conn.close(); System.out.println("关闭成功"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }
4.1、增删改
4.1.1、增加
package com.zhangguo.chapter11.demo1; import java.sql.*; public class StudentCRUD { //加载驱动 static{ try { //反射获得类型 Class.forName( "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" ); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { //连接对象 Connection conn = null; try { //获得连接对象,school数据库名,root用户名,uchr@123密码 conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/school?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8", "root", "uchr@123" ); System.out.println("连接成功"); //执行添加 PreparedStatement cmd=conn.prepareStatement("insert into stu(name,sex,age) values('张卫健','男',45);"); //执行操作并返回影响行数 int n=cmd.executeUpdate(); System.out.println("影响行数:"+n); //释放命令对象 cmd.close(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { try { //关闭连接 conn.close(); System.out.println("关闭成功"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }
4.1.2、更新
将id为8的name与sex修改
package com.zhangguo.chapter11.demo1; import java.sql.*; public class StudentUpdate { //加载驱动 static{ try { //反射获得类型 Class.forName( "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" ); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { //连接对象 Connection conn = null; try { //获得连接对象,school数据库名,root用户名,uchr@123密码 conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/school?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8", "root", "uchr@123" ); System.out.println("连接成功"); //执行更新 PreparedStatement cmd=conn.prepareStatement("update stu set name='张一山',sex='男' where id=8"); //执行操作并返回影响行数 int n=cmd.executeUpdate(); System.out.println("影响行数:"+n); //释放命令对象 cmd.close(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { try { //关闭连接 conn.close(); System.out.println("关闭成功"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }
结果:
4.1.3、删除
package com.zhangguo.chapter11.demo1; import java.sql.*; public class StudentDelete { //加载驱动 static{ try { //反射获得类型 Class.forName( "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" ); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { //连接对象 Connection conn = null; try { //获得连接对象,school数据库名,root用户名,uchr@123密码 conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/school?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8", "root", "uchr@123" ); System.out.println("连接成功"); //执行删除 PreparedStatement cmd=conn.prepareStatement("delete from stu where id=8"); //执行操作并返回影响行数 int n=cmd.executeUpdate(); System.out.println("影响行数:"+n); //释放命令对象 cmd.close(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { try { //关闭连接 conn.close(); System.out.println("关闭成功"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }
结果:
4.2、查询
4.2.1、查询结果集
#查询所有女生的姓名与年龄
select name,age from stu where sex='女'
package com.zhangguo.chapter11.demo1; import java.sql.*; public class StudentSelect { //加载驱动 static{ try { //反射获得类型 Class.forName( "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" ); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { //连接对象 Connection conn = null; ResultSet resultset=null; PreparedStatement cmd=null; try { //获得连接对象,school数据库名,root用户名,uchr@123密码 conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/school?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8", "root", "uchr@123" ); System.out.println("连接成功"); //查询所有女生的姓名与年龄 cmd=conn.prepareStatement("select name,age from stu where sex='女'"); //执行查询返回结果集 resultset=cmd.executeQuery(); //获取数据,遍历,指针下移 while (resultset.next()) { System.out.println(resultset.getString("name")+"\t"+resultset.getInt("age")); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { try { //释放对象 if(conn!=null)conn.close(); if(cmd!=null)cmd.close(); if(resultset!=null)resultset.close(); System.out.println("关闭成功"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }
4.2.2、查询单行单列数据
package com.zhangguo.chapter11.demo1; import java.sql.*; public class StudentSelect2 { //加载驱动 static{ try { //反射获得类型 Class.forName( "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" ); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { //连接对象 Connection conn = null; ResultSet resultset=null; PreparedStatement cmd=null; try { //获得连接对象,school数据库名,root用户名,uchr@123密码 conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/school?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8", "root", "uchr@123" ); System.out.println("连接成功"); //查询男生人数 cmd=conn.prepareStatement("select count(*) from stu where sex='男'"); //执行查询返回结果集 resultset=cmd.executeQuery(); //获取数据,遍历,指针下移 if(resultset.next()) { //根据索引获取当前行的数据,1表示第几列 System.out.println("男生数:"+resultset.getInt(1)); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { try { //释放对象 if(conn!=null)conn.close(); if(cmd!=null)cmd.close(); if(resultset!=null)resultset.close(); System.out.println("关闭成功"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }
结果:
4.3、带参数
sql语句中的字符如果来自用户,则可能会拼接sql,拼接字符串的做法很不安全,可以使用带参数的命令。
4.3.1、添加学员 - 拼接
package com.zhangguo.chapter11.demo1; import java.sql.*; import java.util.Scanner; public class StudentParam1 { //加载驱动 static{ try { //反射获得类型 Class.forName( "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" ); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { //连接对象 Connection conn = null; PreparedStatement cmd=null; try { //获得连接对象,school数据库名,root用户名,uchr@123密码 conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/school?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8", "root", "uchr@123" ); System.out.println("连接成功"); Scanner input=new Scanner(System.in); System.out.print("请输入姓名:"); String name=input.next(); System.out.print("请输入性别:"); String sex=input.next(); System.out.print("请输入年龄:"); int age=input.nextInt(); //查询男生人数 cmd=conn.prepareStatement("insert into stu(name,sex,age) values('"); //执行添加 int n=cmd.executeUpdate(); System.out.println("影响行数:"+n); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { try { //释放对象 if(conn!=null)conn.close(); if(cmd!=null)cmd.close(); System.out.println("关闭成功"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }
4.3.2、添加学员 - 参数
package com.zhangguo.chapter11.demo1; import java.sql.*; import java.util.Scanner; public class StudentParam2 { //加载驱动 static{ try { //反射获得类型 Class.forName( "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" ); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { //连接对象 Connection conn = null; PreparedStatement cmd=null; try { //获得连接对象,school数据库名,root用户名,uchr@123密码 conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/school?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8", "root", "uchr@123" ); System.out.println("连接成功"); Scanner input=new Scanner(System.in); System.out.print("请输入姓名:"); String name=input.next(); System.out.print("请输入性别:"); String sex=input.next(); System.out.print("请输入年龄:"); int age=input.nextInt(); //查询男生人数 cmd=conn.prepareStatement("insert into stu(name,sex,age) values(?,?,?);"); //指定参数 cmd.setString(1, name); cmd.setString(2, sex); cmd.setInt(3, age); //执行添加 int n=cmd.executeUpdate(); System.out.println("影响行数:"+n); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { try { //释放对象 if(conn!=null)conn.close(); if(cmd!=null)cmd.close(); System.out.println("关闭成功"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }
4.4、封装
从前面的示例中可以看出如果数据库访问的代码(脚本)存在大量的冗余,操作模式基本相同,对数据库访问进行封装可以实现代码的可复用、可扩展、可维护。
结合反射对JDBC的数据库访问封装如下:
学生实体类Stu.java:
package com.zhangguo.util.test; /** * Java Bean (java 豆子) * 实体类 * */ public class Stu { public Stu(int id, String name, String sex, int age) { super(); this.id = id; this.name = name; this.sex = sex; this.age = age; } public Stu(String name, String sex, int age) { super(); this.name = name; this.sex = sex; this.age = age; } public Stu() { } private int id; private String name; private String sex; private int age; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getSex() { return sex; } public void setSex(String sex) { this.sex = sex; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } }
JDBCUtils数据库访问封装
package com.zhangguo.util; import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException; import java.lang.reflect.Method; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.PreparedStatement; import java.sql.ResultSet; import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.sql.Statement; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; public class JDBCUtils { public static String DRIVER="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"; public static String URL="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/school?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8"; public static String USER_NAME="root"; public static String PASSWORD="uchr@123"; //加载驱动 static { try { Class.forName(DRIVER); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } private JDBCUtils() { } /** * 获得连接 * * @return */ public static Connection getconnnection() { Connection con = null; try { con = DriverManager.getConnection(URL, USER_NAME, PASSWORD); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return con; } /** * 关闭连接 * * @param rs * @param st * @param con */ public static void close(ResultSet rs, Statement st, Connection con) { try { try { if (rs != null) { rs.close(); } } finally { try { if (st != null) { st.close(); } } finally { if (con != null) con.close(); } } } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 关闭连接 * * @param rs */ public static void close(ResultSet rs) { Statement st = null; Connection con = null; try { try { if (rs != null) { st = rs.getStatement(); rs.close(); } } finally { try { if (st != null) { con = st.getConnection(); st.close(); } } finally { if (con != null) { con.close(); } } } } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 关闭连接 * * @param st * @param con */ public static void close(Statement st, Connection con) { try { try { if (st != null) { st.close(); } } finally { if (con != null) con.close(); } } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * insert/update/delete * 增加/更新/删除 * * @param sql 数据库语句 * @param args 可变参数(可以不带参数,可以带0-n个参数) * @return */ public static int update(String sql, Object... args) { int result = 0; Connection con = getconnnection(); PreparedStatement ps = null; try { ps = con.prepareStatement(sql); if (args != null) { for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) { ps.setObject((i + 1), args[i]); } } result = ps.executeUpdate(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { close(ps, con); } return result; } /** * query, because need to manually close the resource, so not recommended * for use it * * @param sql * @param args * @return ResultSet */ @Deprecated //注解 public static ResultSet query(String sql, Object... args) { ResultSet result = null; Connection con = getconnnection(); PreparedStatement ps = null; try { ps = con.prepareStatement(sql); if (args != null) { for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) { ps.setObject((i + 1), args[i]); } } result = ps.executeQuery(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return result; } /** * Query a single record * 查询单个记录 * @param sql * @param args * @return Map<String,Object> */ public static Map<String, Object> queryForMap(String sql, Object... args) { Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<String, Object>(); List<Map<String, Object>> list = queryForList(sql, args); if (list.size() > 0) { result = list.get(0); } return result; } /** * Query a single record * 查询单个记录返回强类型对象 * @param sql * @param args * @return <T> //泛型 */ public static <T> T queryForObject(String sql, Class<T> clz, Object... args) { T result = null; List<T> list = queryForList(sql, clz, args); if (list.size() > 0) { result = list.get(0); } return result; } /** * Query a single record * * @param sql * @param args * @return List<Map<String,Object>> */ public static List<Map<String, Object>> queryForList(String sql, Object... args) { List<Map<String, Object>> result = new ArrayList<Map<String, Object>>(); Connection con = null; ResultSet rs = null; PreparedStatement ps = null; try { con = getconnnection(); ps = con.prepareStatement(sql); if (args != null) { for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) { ps.setObject((i + 1), args[i]); } } rs = ps.executeQuery(); ResultSetMetaData rsmd = rs.getMetaData(); int columnCount = rsmd.getColumnCount(); while (rs.next()) { Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>(); for (int i = 1; i <= columnCount; i++) { map.put(rsmd.getColumnLabel(i), rs.getObject(i)); } result.add(map); } } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { close(rs, ps, con); } return result; } /** * Query records * 查询多个对象,返回强类型集合 * @param sql * @param args * @return List<T> */ public static <T> List<T> queryForList(String sql, Class<T> clz, Object... args) { List<T> result = new ArrayList<T>(); Connection con = null; PreparedStatement ps = null; ResultSet rs = null; try { con = getconnnection(); ps = con.prepareStatement(sql); if (args != null) { for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) { ps.setObject((i + 1), args[i]); } } rs = ps.executeQuery(); ResultSetMetaData rsmd = rs.getMetaData(); int columnCount = rsmd.getColumnCount(); while (rs.next()) { T obj = clz.newInstance(); for (int i = 1; i <= columnCount; i++) { String columnName = rsmd.getColumnName(i); String methodName = "set" + columnName.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase() + columnName.substring(1, columnName.length()); Method method[] = clz.getMethods(); for (Method meth : method) { if (methodName.equals(meth.getName())) { meth.invoke(obj, rs.getObject(i)); } } } result.add(obj); } } catch (InstantiationException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IllegalAccessException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InvocationTargetException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { close(rs, ps, con); } return result; } }
测试:
package com.zhangguo.util.test; import java.util.List; import com.zhangguo.util.JDBCUtils; public class JDBCUtilTest { public static void main(String[] args) { //增加 int n=JDBCUtils.update("insert into stu(name,sex,age) values(?,?,?)", "王娜菲","男",87); System.out.println("成功添加:"+n+"行"); //修改 JDBCUtils.update("update stu set name='李娜娜' where id=?",7); //删除 JDBCUtils.update("delete from stu where id=?",10); //查询 List<Stu> stus=JDBCUtils.queryForList("select id,name,age,sex from stu where age>? and name like ?", Stu.class,18,"%娜%"); //遍历学生集合 for (Stu stu : stus) { System.out.println(stu.getName()+"\t"+stu.getSex()+"\t"+stu.getAge()); } } }
运行结果:
五、DVD租赁系统JDBC版
5.1、数据库
/* Navicat MySQL Data Transfer Source Server : localhost Source Server Version : 50506 Source Host : localhost:3306 Source Database : dvdstore Target Server Type : MYSQL Target Server Version : 50506 File Encoding : 65001 Date: 2017-06-08 11:31:13 */ SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0; -- ---------------------------- -- Table structure for `dvd` -- ---------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `dvd`; CREATE TABLE `dvd` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '编号', `name` varchar(64) NOT NULL COMMENT '名称', `price` double DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '价格', `isRent` int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '是否借出', PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=6 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; -- ---------------------------- -- Records of dvd -- ---------------------------- INSERT INTO `dvd` VALUES ('2', '异形', '75.3', '0'); INSERT INTO `dvd` VALUES ('3', '暗战', '19.5', '1'); INSERT INTO `dvd` VALUES ('4', '战狼', '9.98', '0');
5.2、实现类
DVD.java
package com.zhangguo.dvd.v2; /** 光碟 实体 模型 */ public class DVD { /** 构造方法 */ public DVD(int _id, String _name, double _price, int _isRent) { this.id = _id; this.name = _name; this.price = _price; this.isRent = _isRent; } public DVD(String _name, double _price, int _isRent) { this.name = _name; this.price = _price; this.isRent = _isRent; } public DVD() { } /** 编号 */ private int id; /** 名称 */ private String name; /** 价格 */ private double price; /** 是否被借出 0未借出 1借出 */ private int isRent; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public double getPrice() { return price; } public void setPrice(double price) { this.price = price; } public int getIsRent() { return isRent; } public void setIsRent(int isRent) { this.isRent = isRent; } @Override public String toString() { return ("编号:" + this.id + "\t\t" + "名称:" + this.name + "\t\t" + "价格:" + this.price + "\t\t" + "借出:" + (this.isRent==1 ? "是" : "否")); } }
DVDService.java
package com.zhangguo.dvd.v2; import java.util.List; /** DVD服务类,完成数据库访问 */ public class DVDService { /**添加DVD到数据库**/ public int add(DVD dvd){ return JDBCUtils.update("insert into dvd(name,price,isRent) values(?,?,?);", dvd.getName(),dvd.getPrice(),dvd.getIsRent()); } /**删除DVD**/ public int del(int id){ return JDBCUtils.update("delete from dvd where id=?", id); } /**更新DVD到数据库**/ public int update(DVD dvd){ return JDBCUtils.update("update dvd set name=?,price=?,isRent=? where id=?", dvd.getName(),dvd.getPrice(),dvd.getIsRent(),dvd.getId()); } /**获得所有DVD信息*/ public List<DVD> getAll(){ return JDBCUtils.queryForList("select id,name,price,isRent from dvd", DVD.class); } /**获得DVD信息通过状态*/ public List<DVD> getAll(int isRent){ return JDBCUtils.queryForList("select id,name,price,isRent from dvd where isRent=?", DVD.class,isRent); } /**根据DVD编号获得单个DVD*/ public DVD get(int id){ return JDBCUtils.queryForObject("select id,name,price,isRent from dvd where id=?", DVD.class, id); } /**根据DVD编号更新指定状态*/ public int edit(int id,int isRent){ return JDBCUtils.update("update dvd set isRent=? where id=?", isRent,id); } }
DVDStore.java
package com.zhangguo.dvd.v2; import java.util.List; import java.util.Scanner; public class DVDStore { /** 数据访问 */ public DVDService service = new DVDService(); /** 扫描器 */ Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in); /** 菜单 */ public void menu() { $("***************************DVD小店欢迎您***************************"); $("1、显示DVD"); $("2、借出DVD"); $("3、归还DVD"); $("4、添加DVD"); $("5、删除DVD"); $("6、编辑DVD"); $("7、退出系统"); $("***************************DVD小店欢迎您***************************"); $$("请选择[1-7]:"); int index = input.nextInt(); switch (index) { case 1: fun1(); break; case 2: fun2(1); break; case 3: fun3(0); break; case 4: fun4(); break; case 5: fun5(); break; case 6: fun6(); break; case 7: fun7(); break; default: $("输入有误,请重输"); break; } menu(); } /** 6、编辑DVD */ private void fun6() { $$("编号:"); int _id = input.nextInt(); $$("名称:"); String _name = input.next(); $$("价格:"); double _price = input.nextDouble(); $$("借出[0/1]:"); int _isRent = input.nextInt(); DVD dvd = service.get(_id); if (_name != null && !_name.equals("")) { dvd.setName(_name); } if (_price > 0) { dvd.setPrice(_price); } if (_isRent >= 0) { dvd.setIsRent(_isRent); } int n = service.update(dvd); if (n > 0) { $("更新成功"); } else { $("更新失败"); } } /** 7、退出系统 */ private void fun7() { $$("欢迎您下次光临!"); System.exit(0); } /** 5、删除DVD */ private void fun5() { if (fun1() > 0) { $$("请输入要删除的编号:"); int id = input.nextInt(); int n = service.del(id); if (n > 0) { $("删除成功"); } else { $("删除失败"); } } else { $("您的商店没有任何DVD,现在添加"); } } /** 2、借出DVD */ private void fun2(int isRent) { if (show(0) > 0) { $$("请输入要操作的编号:"); int id = input.nextInt(); int n = service.edit(id, isRent); if (n > 0) { $("操作成功"); } else { $("操作失败"); } } else { $("没有可以借出的DVD"); } } /** 3、归还DVD */ private void fun3(int isRent) { if (show(1) > 0) { $$("请输入要操作的编号:"); int id = input.nextInt(); int n = service.edit(id, isRent); if (n > 0) { $("操作成功"); } else { $("操作失败"); } } else { $("没有需要归还的DVD"); } } /** 1、显示DVD */ private int fun1() { List<DVD> dvds = service.getAll(); for (DVD dvd : service.getAll()) { $(dvd); } return dvds.size(); } /** 显示指定状态的DVD */ private int show(int isRent) { List<DVD> dvds = service.getAll(isRent); for (DVD dvd : dvds) { $(dvd); } return dvds.size(); } /** 4、添加DVD */ private void fun4() { $$("名称:"); String _name = input.next(); $$("价格:"); double _price = input.nextDouble(); $$("借出[0/1]:"); int _isRent = input.nextInt(); service.add(new DVD(_name, _price, _isRent)); $("添加成功"); } /** 工具方法 */ public void $(Object obj) { System.out.println(obj); } public void $$(Object obj) { System.out.print(obj); } }
JDBCUtils.java
package com.zhangguo.dvd.v2; import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException; import java.lang.reflect.Method; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.PreparedStatement; import java.sql.ResultSet; import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.sql.Statement; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; public class JDBCUtils { public static String DRIVER="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"; public static String URL="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/dvdstore?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8"; public static String USER_NAME="root"; public static String PASSWORD="uchr@123"; //加载驱动 static { try { Class.forName(DRIVER); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } private JDBCUtils() { } /** * 获得连接 * * @return */ public static Connection getconnnection() { Connection con = null; try { con = DriverManager.getConnection(URL, USER_NAME, PASSWORD); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return con; } /** * 关闭连接 * * @param rs * @param st * @param con */ public static void close(ResultSet rs, Statement st, Connection con) { try { try { if (rs != null) { rs.close(); } } finally { try { if (st != null) { st.close(); } } finally { if (con != null) con.close(); } } } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 关闭连接 * * @param rs */ public static void close(ResultSet rs) { Statement st = null; Connection con = null; try { try { if (rs != null) { st = rs.getStatement(); rs.close(); } } finally { try { if (st != null) { con = st.getConnection(); st.close(); } } finally { if (con != null) { con.close(); } } } } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 关闭连接 * * @param st * @param con */ public static void close(Statement st, Connection con) { try { try { if (st != null) { st.close(); } } finally { if (con != null) con.close(); } } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * insert/update/delete * 增加/更新/删除 * * @param sql 数据库语句 * @param args 可变参数(可以不带参数,可以带0-n个参数) * @return */ public static int update(String sql, Object... args) { int result = 0; Connection con = getconnnection(); PreparedStatement ps = null; try { ps = con.prepareStatement(sql); if (args != null) { for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) { ps.setObject((i + 1), args[i]); } } result = ps.executeUpdate(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { close(ps, con); } return result; } /** * query, because need to manually close the resource, so not recommended * for use it * * @param sql * @param args * @return ResultSet */ @Deprecated //注解 public static ResultSet query(String sql, Object... args) { ResultSet result = null; Connection con = getconnnection(); PreparedStatement ps = null; try { ps = con.prepareStatement(sql); if (args != null) { for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) { ps.setObject((i + 1), args[i]); } } result = ps.executeQuery(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return result; } /** * Query a single record * 查询单个记录 * @param sql * @param args * @return Map<String,Object> */ public static Map<String, Object> queryForMap(String sql, Object... args) { Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<String, Object>(); List<Map<String, Object>> list = queryForList(sql, args); if (list.size() > 0) { result = list.get(0); } return result; } /** * Query a single record * 查询单个记录返回强类型对象 * @param sql * @param args * @return <T> //泛型 */ public static <T> T queryForObject(String sql, Class<T> clz, Object... args) { T result = null; List<T> list = queryForList(sql, clz, args); if (list.size() > 0) { result = list.get(0); } return result; } /** * Query a single record * * @param sql * @param args * @return List<Map<String,Object>> */ public static List<Map<String, Object>> queryForList(String sql, Object... args) { List<Map<String, Object>> result = new ArrayList<Map<String, Object>>(); Connection con = null; ResultSet rs = null; PreparedStatement ps = null; try { con = getconnnection(); ps = con.prepareStatement(sql); if (args != null) { for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) { ps.setObject((i + 1), args[i]); } } rs = ps.executeQuery(); ResultSetMetaData rsmd = rs.getMetaData(); int columnCount = rsmd.getColumnCount(); while (rs.next()) { Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>(); for (int i = 1; i <= columnCount; i++) { map.put(rsmd.getColumnLabel(i), rs.getObject(i)); } result.add(map); } } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { close(rs, ps, con); } return result; } /** * Query records * 查询多个对象,返回强类型集合 * @param sql * @param args * @return List<T> */ public static <T> List<T> queryForList(String sql, Class<T> clz, Object... args) { List<T> result = new ArrayList<T>(); Connection con = null; PreparedStatement ps = null; ResultSet rs = null; try { con = getconnnection(); ps = con.prepareStatement(sql); if (args != null) { for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) { ps.setObject((i + 1), args[i]); } } rs = ps.executeQuery(); ResultSetMetaData rsmd = rs.getMetaData(); int columnCount = rsmd.getColumnCount(); while (rs.next()) { T obj = clz.newInstance(); for (int i = 1; i <= columnCount; i++) { String columnName = rsmd.getColumnName(i); String methodName = "set" + columnName.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase() + columnName.substring(1, columnName.length()); Method method[] = clz.getMethods(); for (Method meth : method) { if (methodName.equals(meth.getName())) { meth.invoke(obj, rs.getObject(i)); } } } result.add(obj); } } catch (InstantiationException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IllegalAccessException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InvocationTargetException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { close(rs, ps, con); } return result; } }
NFDVDStore.java
package com.zhangguo.dvd.v2; public class NFDVDStore { public static void main(String[] args) { DVDStore ds=new DVDStore(); ds.menu(); } }
5.3、运行结果
***************************DVD小店欢迎您***************************
1、显示DVD
2、借出DVD
3、归还DVD
4、添加DVD
5、删除DVD
6、编辑DVD
7、退出系统
***************************DVD小店欢迎您***************************
请选择[1-7]:4
名称:镜子
价格:19.3
借出[0/1]:0
添加成功
***************************DVD小店欢迎您***************************
1、显示DVD
2、借出DVD
3、归还DVD
4、添加DVD
5、删除DVD
6、编辑DVD
7、退出系统
***************************DVD小店欢迎您***************************
请选择[1-7]:1
编号:2 名称:异形 价格:75.3 借出:否
编号:3 名称:暗战 价格:19.5 借出:是
编号:4 名称:战狼 价格:9.98 借出:否
编号:8 名称:镜子 价格:19.3 借出:否
***************************DVD小店欢迎您***************************
1、显示DVD
2、借出DVD
3、归还DVD
4、添加DVD
5、删除DVD
6、编辑DVD
7、退出系统
***************************DVD小店欢迎您***************************
请选择[1-7]:2
编号:2 名称:异形 价格:75.3 借出:否
编号:4 名称:战狼 价格:9.98 借出:否
编号:8 名称:镜子 价格:19.3 借出:否
请输入要操作的编号:8
操作成功
***************************DVD小店欢迎您***************************
1、显示DVD
2、借出DVD
3、归还DVD
4、添加DVD
5、删除DVD
6、编辑DVD
7、退出系统
***************************DVD小店欢迎您***************************
请选择[1-7]:3
编号:3 名称:暗战 价格:19.5 借出:是
编号:8 名称:镜子 价格:19.3 借出:是
请输入要操作的编号:8
操作成功
***************************DVD小店欢迎您***************************
1、显示DVD
2、借出DVD
3、归还DVD
4、添加DVD
5、删除DVD
6、编辑DVD
7、退出系统
***************************DVD小店欢迎您***************************
请选择[1-7]:1
编号:2 名称:异形 价格:75.3 借出:否
编号:3 名称:暗战 价格:19.5 借出:是
编号:4 名称:战狼 价格:9.98 借出:否
编号:8 名称:镜子 价格:19.3 借出:否
***************************DVD小店欢迎您***************************
1、显示DVD
2、借出DVD
3、归还DVD
4、添加DVD
5、删除DVD
6、编辑DVD
7、退出系统
***************************DVD小店欢迎您***************************
请选择[1-7]:8
输入有误,请重输
***************************DVD小店欢迎您***************************
1、显示DVD
2、借出DVD
3、归还DVD
4、添加DVD
5、删除DVD
6、编辑DVD
7、退出系统
***************************DVD小店欢迎您***************************
六、下载与视频
第一次课示例:
https://files.cnblogs.com/files/best/Chapter11.zip
第三次课示例:
https://files.cnblogs.com/files/best/GoMall.zip
139班上课示例1
https://files.cnblogs.com/files/best/Chapter11_136_V2.zip
不断更新的视频:
http://search.bilibili.com/all?keyword=%E5%BC%A0%E6%9E%9C&from_source=banner_search
七、面试题
7.1、请使用JDBC完成产品表Product(编号id,title名称,price价格,address产地)的访问。从控制台完成添加产品,修改产品,删除产品,显示产品功能。可以增加产品状态(State)
7.2、请完成DVD租赁系统
参考示例(139)
八、原生JDBC示例
import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.PreparedStatement; import java.sql.ResultSet; public class JdbcTest { // 1、添加jar驱动包 // 2、加载驱动类 static { try { Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { //insert(); select(); } // 添加 public static int insert() { int n = 0; try { // 3、获得连接对象 Connection conn = DriverManager .getConnection( "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/dvdshop?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8", "root", "uchr@123"); // 4、创建SQL命令对象 PreparedStatement cmd = conn .prepareStatement("insert into dvd(name,price,state) values(?,?,?);"); //ORM cmd.setObject(1, "征服"); cmd.setObject(2, 98.1); cmd.setObject(3, 0); // 5、执行sql,返回影响行数 n = cmd.executeUpdate(); // 6、释放资源 cmd.close(); conn.close(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return n; } public static void select() { try { // 3、获得连接对象 Connection conn = DriverManager .getConnection( "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/uchr?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8", "root", "uchr@123"); // 4、创建SQL命令对象 PreparedStatement cmd = conn .prepareStatement("select * from list_values"); // 5、执行sql查询 ResultSet result = cmd.executeQuery(); // 6、取得结果集中的数据 while (result.next()) { System.out.print(result.getString(1) + "\t"); System.out.print(result.getString(2)); System.out.println(); } // 7、释放资源 result.close(); cmd.close(); conn.close(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }