一个C#睡前故事(转)
class Worker {
public void Advise(Boss boss) { _boss = boss; }
public void DoWork() {
Console.WriteLine(“工作: 工作开始”);
if( _boss != null ) _boss.WorkStarted();
Console.WriteLine(“工作: 工作进行中”);
if( _boss != null ) _boss.WorkProgressing();
Console.WriteLine("“工作: 工作完成”");
if( _boss != null ) {
int grade = _boss.WorkCompleted();
Console.WriteLine(“工人的工作得分=” + grade);
}
}
private Boss _boss;
}
class Boss {
public void WorkStarted() { /* 老板不关心。 */ }
public void WorkProgressing() { /*老板不关心。 */ }
public int WorkCompleted() {
Console.WriteLine(“时间差不多!”);
return 2; /* 总分为10 */
}
}
class Universe {
static void Main() {
Worker peter = new Worker();
Boss boss = new Boss();
peter.Advise(boss);
peter.DoWork();
Console.WriteLine(“Main: 工人工作完成”);
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
接口
interface IWorkerEvents {
void WorkStarted();
void WorkProgressing();
int WorkCompleted();
}
class Worker {
public void Advise(IWorkerEvents events) { _events = events; }
public void DoWork() {
Console.WriteLine(“工作: 工作开始”);
if( _events != null ) _events.WorkStarted();
Console.WriteLine(“工作: 工作进行中”);
if(_events != null ) _events.WorkProgressing();
Console.WriteLine("“工作: 工作完成”");
if(_events != null ) {
int grade = _events.WorkCompleted();
Console.WriteLine(“工人的工作得分=” + grade);
}
}
private IWorkerEvents _events;
}
class Boss : IWorkerEvents {
public void WorkStarted() { /* 老板不关心。 */ }
public void WorkProgressing() { /* 老板不关心。 */ }
public int WorkCompleted() {
Console.WriteLine(“时间差不多!”);
return 3; /* 总分为10 */
}
}
委托
不幸的是,每当彼得忙于通过接口的实现和老板交流时,就没有机会及时通知宇宙了。至少他应该忽略身在远方的老板的引用,好让其他实现了 IWorkerEvents的对象得到他的工作报告。(”At least he'd abstracted the reference of his boss far away from him so that others who implemented the IWorkerEvents interface could be notified of his work progress” 原话如此,不理解到底是什么意思:))
他的老板还是抱怨得很厉害。“彼得!”他老板吼道,“你为什么在工作一开始和工作进行中都来烦我?!我不关心这些事件。你不但强迫我实现了这些方法,而且还在浪费我宝贵的工作时间来处理你的事件,特别是当我外出的时候更是如此!你能不能不再来烦我?”
于是,彼得意识到接口虽然在很多情况都很有用,但是当用作事件时,“粒度”不够好。他希望能够仅在别人想要时才通知他们,于是他决定把接口的方法分离为单独的委托,每个委托都像一个小的接口方法:
delegate void WorkStarted();
delegate void WorkProgressing();
delegate int WorkCompleted();
class Worker {
public void DoWork() {
Console.WriteLine(“工作: 工作开始”);
if( started != null ) started();
Console.WriteLine(“工作: 工作进行中”);
if( progressing != null ) progressing();
Console.WriteLine("“工作: 工作完成”");
if( completed != null ) {
int grade = completed();
Console.WriteLine(“工人的工作得分=” + grade);
}
}
public WorkStarted started;
public WorkProgressing progressing;
public WorkCompleted completed;
}
class Boss {
public int WorkCompleted() {
Console.WriteLine("Better...");
return 4; /* 总分为10 */
}
}
class Universe {
static void Main() {
Worker peter = new Worker();
Boss boss = new Boss();
peter.completed = new WorkCompleted(boss.WorkCompleted);
peter.DoWork();
Console.WriteLine(“Main: 工人工作完成”);
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
静态监听者
class Universe {
static void WorkerStartedWork() {
Console.WriteLine("Universe notices worker starting work");
}
static int WorkerCompletedWork() {
Console.WriteLine("Universe pleased with worker's work");
return 7;
}
static void Main() {
Worker peter = new Worker();
Boss boss = new Boss();
peter.completed = new WorkCompleted(boss.WorkCompleted);
peter.started = new WorkStarted(Universe.WorkerStartedWork);
peter.completed = new WorkCompleted(Universe.WorkerCompletedWork);
peter.DoWork();
Console.WriteLine(“Main: 工人工作完成”);
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
事件
不幸的是,宇宙太忙了,也不习惯时刻关注它里面的个体,它可以用自己的委托替换了彼得老板的委托。这是把彼得的Worker类的的委托字段做成public的一个无意识的副作用。同样,如果彼得的老板不耐烦了,也可以决定自己来激发彼得的委托(真是一个粗鲁的老板):
// Peter's boss taking matters into his own hands
if( peter.completed != null ) peter.completed();
彼得不想让这些事发生,他意识到需要给每个委托提供“注册”和“反注册”功能,这样监听者就可以自己添加和移除委托,但同时又不能清空整个列表也不能随意激发彼得的事件了。彼得并没有来自己实现这些功能,相反,他使用了event关键字让C#编译器为他构建这些方法:
class Worker {
...
public event WorkStarted started;
public event WorkProgressing progressing;
public event WorkCompleted completed;
}
彼得知道event关键字在委托的外边包装了一个property,仅让C#客户通过+= 和 -=操作符来添加和移除,强迫他的老板和宇宙正确地使用事件。
static void Main() {
Worker peter = new Worker();
Boss boss = new Boss();
peter.completed += new WorkCompleted(boss.WorkCompleted);
peter.started += new WorkStarted(Universe.WorkerStartedWork);
peter.completed += new WorkCompleted(Universe.WorkerCompletedWork);
peter.DoWork();
Console.WriteLine(“Main: 工人工作完成”);
Console.ReadLine();
}
“收获”所有结果
public void DoWork() {
...
Console.WriteLine("“工作: 工作完成”");
if( completed != null ) {
foreach( WorkCompleted wc in completed.GetInvocationList() ) {
int grade = wc();
Console.WriteLine(“工人的工作得分=” + grade);
}
}
}
异步通知:激发 & 忘掉
同时,他的老板和宇宙还要忙于处理其他事情,也就是说他们给彼得打分所花费的事件变得非常长:
class Boss {
public int WorkCompleted() {
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(3000);
Console.WriteLine("Better..."); return 6; /* 总分为10 */
}
}
class Universe {
static int WorkerCompletedWork() {
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(4000);
Console.WriteLine("Universe is pleased with worker's work");
return 7;
}
...
}
很不幸,彼得每次通知一个监听者后必须等待它给自己打分,现在这些通知花费了他太多的工作事件。于是他决定忘掉分数,仅仅异步激发事件:
public void DoWork() {
...
Console.WriteLine("“工作: 工作完成”");
if( completed != null ) {
foreach( WorkCompleted wc in completed.GetInvocationList() )
{
wc.BeginInvoke(null, null);
}
}
}
异步通知:轮询
public void DoWork() {
...
Console.WriteLine("“工作: 工作完成”");
if( completed != null ) {
foreach( WorkCompleted wc in completed.GetInvocationList() ) {
IAsyncResult res = wc.BeginInvoke(null, null);
while( !res.IsCompleted ) System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1);
int grade = wc.EndInvoke(res);
Console.WriteLine(“工人的工作得分=” + grade);
}
}
}
异步通知:委托
public void DoWork() {
...
Console.WriteLine("“工作: 工作完成”");
if( completed != null ) {
foreach( WorkCompleted wc in completed.GetInvocationList() ) {
wc.BeginInvoke(new AsyncCallback(WorkGraded), wc);
}
}
}
private void WorkGraded(IAsyncResult res) {
WorkCompleted wc = (WorkCompleted)res.AsyncState;
int grade = wc.EndInvoke(res);
Console.WriteLine(“工人的工作得分=” + grade);
}