一、创建struts2项目
1,新建一个web工程,一个简单的登陆项目,整体项目架构如下:
action是处理请求的类,bean是一个user的模板,service是业务处理逻辑接口,serviceImpl是业务处理接口的实现,下面附具体代码
2,将struts的核心jar包复制进项目的lib目录下,具体文件如下(webroot目录):
官方网站下载struts-2.3.24.1-all.zip,解压后在apps文件夹下找到struts2-blank.war,解压,真正的核心包好像只需要五个,这里将war包解压后WEB-INF下lib里的jar包全复制过来了
3,修改web.xml文件,配置struts的核心拦截器。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"> <display-name></display-name> <filter> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
4,编写action,新建一个java文件,用以处理请求。这个稍微有点复杂,因为多了一个UserForm的类,在UserForm里同样定义了getter和setter方法,但是不能直接通过UserForm的实例来获取页面传入的值。
package com.action; import com.bean.UserForm; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; import com.service.UserManager; import com.serviceImpl.UserManagerImpl; public class Register extends ActionSupport{ /**username和password 可以直接通过getter方法获得 * user和UserManager不是页面的元素,必须初始化后才能使用 */ private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; private String username; private String password; private UserForm user; private UserManager userManager; //构造函数,这里可以做些初始化的事情 public Register(){ this.setUserManager( new UserManagerImpl() ); this.setUser( new UserForm() ); // new个UserForm对象传给本地私有user } // execute函数的返回值会传递到struts.xml文件里作为跳转的依据--因为struts.xml文件没有method属性,默认执行execute函数 public String execute(){ user.setUsername( this.getUsername() ); // this方法获取页面传递的值,再调用setter方法传给user user.setPassword( this.getPassword() ); // 这里的user是UserForm对象,不能直接通过jsp获取值,需要另行设置 if ( userManager.dosomething( user ) ){ // 传送过去验证登陆 return SUCCESS; }else{ return ERROR; } } // 以下四个函数是呼应jsp页面,获取页面值用的,注意命名格式 public String getUsername(){ return username; } public void setUsername( String username ){ this.username = username; } public String getPassword(){ return password; } public void setPassword( String password ){ this.password = password; } // 这两个函数是UserForm对象用的 public UserForm getUser(){ return user; } public void setUser( UserForm user ){ this.user = user; } // 这两个是UserManager对象用的,注意UserManager是个接口,setter方法里需要传送实现它的具体类实例 public UserManager getUserManager(){ return userManager; } public void setUserManager( UserManager userManager ){ this.userManager = userManager; } }
5,UserForm、UserManager接口和UsermanagerImpl
UserForm:
package com.bean; public class UserForm { private String username; private String password; private String gender; public String getUsername(){ return username; } public void setUsername( String userName ){ this.username = userName; } public String getPassword(){ return password; } public void setPassword( String passWord ){ this.password = passWord; } public String getGender(){ return gender; } public void setGender( String gender ){ this.gender = gender; } }
UserManager:
package com.service; import com.bean.UserForm; public interface UserManager { public boolean dosomething(UserForm user); }
UserManagerImpl:
package com.serviceImpl; import com.bean.UserForm; import com.service.UserManager; public class UserManagerImpl implements UserManager{ public boolean dosomething(UserForm user) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub // 姓名为wu密码123的用户可以登录,其他失败。后期整合hibernate后改为验证数据库中的用户 if ( "wu".equals( user.getUsername() ) && "123".equals( user.getPassword() ) ){ return true; }else{ return false; } } }
6,新建一个struts.xml文件,用来跳转
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd"> <struts> <include file="struts-default.xml" /> <package name="com" extends="struts-default"> <action name="register" class="com.action.Register"> <result name="success">/Success.jsp</result> <result name="error">/Fail.jsp</result> </action> <action name="fail"> <result>/index.jsp</result> </action> </package> </struts>
7,index.jsp页面:
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"> <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css"> --> </head> <body> This is my JSP page. <br> <s:form action="register"> <s:textfield name="username" label="用户名"></s:textfield> <s:password name="password" label="密码"></s:password> <s:submit values="注册"></s:submit> </s:form> </body> </html>
到这里struts2部分搭建完毕,下一步准备整合spring框架。
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二、整合spring框架
1,导入spring的jar包,同样是官方下载3.2版本,下载后所有jar包导入lib目录,如下:
2,修改web.xml文件,其实就是在struts的基础上加上初始化spring的控制文件,配置spring监听器,当然还可以配置其他的参数,比如修改applicationContext.xml的位置之类的。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"> <display-name></display-name> <!-- 初始化 --> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <!-- 如果有多个文件,在文件之间用英文逗号隔开 --> <!-- <param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml,/WEB-INF/applicationContext-db.xml </param-value> --> <param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param> <!-- 监听器 --> <!-- 配置spring监听器 --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <filter> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
3,在WEB-INF目录下新建applicationContext.xml,这个地方是默认的目录,和web.xml是同一个目录级。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd"> <beans> <!-- 这个id是struts.xml里面的action的class名,这里的class指向的是具体的action类 --> <bean id="loginBean" class="com.action.LoginAction"> </bean> <bean id="registerBean" class="com.action.RegisterAction"> </bean> <bean id="failBean" class="com.action.RegisterAction"></bean> </beans>
4,修改struts.xml文件。增加一行将action托管给spring的代码,另外将action里的class修改为spring配置文件里的bean id。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"> <struts> <!-- 将action托管给spring --> <constant name="struts.objectFactory" value="spring"></constant> <include file="struts-default.xml"></include> <package name="p1" extends="struts-default"> <!-- 这里的name是jsp页面上配置的action, class是applicationContext.xml里的bean id,method是具体实现类里应该调用哪个方法 --> <action name="loginAction" class="loginBean" method="login"> <result name="success">/Success.jsp</result> <result name="error">/Fail.jsp</result> </action> <action name="registerAction" class="registerBean" method="register"> <result name="success">/register.jsp</result> <result name="error">/Fail.jsp</result> </action> <action name="fail" class="failBean" method="donothing"> <result name="success">/index.jsp</result> </action> </package> </struts>
配置完毕。从这个简单的例子里能看出来,原本struts直接指向具体类,修改成了指向spring,然后由spring来分配。这里没有涉及反转控制、注入之类的。
接下来整合hibernate。
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