浅谈RHEL7和RHEL6的主要变化
浅谈RHEL7和RHEL6的主要变化。
如下所示：
| 浅谈RHEL7和RHEL6的主要变化 | ||
| RHEL7 | RHEL6 | |
| 文件系统 | XFS | EXT4 |
| 内核版本 | 3.10.x-x系列 | 2.6.x-x系列 |
| 内核名称 | Maipo | Santiago |
| 发布时间 | 2014-06-09（3.10.0-123） | 2010-11-09（2.6.32-71） |
| 进程名称 | systemd | init |
| 运行级别 | runlevel0.target->poweroff.target runlevel1.target->rescue.target runlevel2.target->multi-user.target runlevel3.target->multi-user.target runlevel4.target->multi-user.target runlevel5.target->graphical.target runlevel6.target->reboot.target /etc/systemd/system/default.target |
runlevel0 runlevel1 runlevel2 runlevel3 runlevel4 runlevel5 runlevel6 /etc/inittab |
| 主机名称 | /etc/hostname | /etc/sysconfig/network |
| 最大文件 | 500TB | 16TB |
| 检查工具 | xfs.repair | e2fsck |
| 启动工具 | GRUB2 | GRUB0.97 |
| 服务启动 | Systemd | Upstart |
| 服务管理 | systemctl enable xxx.service systemctl start xxx.service systemctl stop xxx.service systemctl restart xxx.service 兼容chkconfig，service命令 |
service enable xxx.service service stop xxx.service service start xxx.service chkconfig --level 3 5 nfs on |
| 防火墙 | Firewalld兼容Iptables | Iptables |
| 网络绑定 | Team Driver | Bonding |
| 网络时间 | Chrony，ntpd | ntpd |
| NFS版本 | NFS4.1 支持NFSv3，NFSv4.0，NFSv4.1客户端 | NFS4 |
| 集群管理工具 | Pacemaker | Rgmanager |
| 负载均衡工具 | Keepalived，HAProxy | Rgmanager |
| 桌面环境 | GNOME3,KDE4.10 | GNOME2 |
| 数据库 | MariaDB | MySQL |
| RHEL7和RHEL6的管理命令和配置文件的变化 | ||
| 订阅信息 | RHEL7 | RHEL6 |
| 订阅信息工具 | subscription-manager identity | /etc/sysconfig/rhn/systemid subscription-manager identity |
| 配置订阅信息 | subscription-manager rhn_register | rhn_register rhnreg_ks subscription-manager identity |
| 基本配置 | RHEL7 | RHEL6 |
| GUI配置工具 | gnome-control-center | system-config-* |
| 网络配置工具 | nmcli nmtui nm-connection-editor | system-config-network |
| 语言配置工具 | localectl | system-config-language |
| 时间配置工具 | timedatectl date | system-config-date date |
| 时间同步 | ntpdate /etc/chrony.conf | ntpdate /etc/ntp.conf |
| 键盘配置 | localectl | system-config-keyboard |
| 服务管理 | RHEL7 | RHEL6 |
| 服务列表 | systemctl -at service ls /{usr/lib,etc}/systemd/system/*.service |
chkconfig ls /etc/init.d/ |
| 服务启动 | systemctl start name.service | service name start |
| 服务停止 | systemctl stop name.service | service name stop |
| 服务查看 | systemctl status name.service | service name status |
| 服务重启 | systemctl restart name.service | service name restart |
| 服务开机自启 | systemctl enable name.service | chkconfig name on |
| 服务开机不自启 | systemctl disable name.service | chkconfig name off |
| 添加服务 | systemctl daemon-reload | achkconfig --add |
| 服务列表查看 | systemctl -t service --state=active | service --status-all |
| 查看运行级别 | systemctl get-default | runlevel |
| 修改运行级别 | systemctl isolate name.target init runlevel |
init runlevel |
| 日志文件 | /etc/rsyslog.conf /etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf /var/log/journal/ /etc/systemd/journald.conf |
/etc/rsyslog.conf |
| 查看日志文件 | /var/log/ | /var/log/journalctl |
| 内核硬件 | RHEL7 | RHEL6 |
| 启动提示符 | append rd.break or init=/bin/bash to kernel cmdline | append 1 or s or init=/bin/bash to kernel cmdline |
| 关闭系统 | systemctl shutdown | shutdown |
| 关闭电源 | systemctl poweroff | poweroff |
| 挂起系统 | systemctl halt | halt |
| 重启系统 | systemctl reboot | reboot |
| 修改运行级别 | systemctl set-default | /etc/inittab |
| 配置GRUB | /etc/default/grub grub2-mkconfig grub-set-default |
/boot/grub/grub.conf |
| 软件管理 | RHEL7 | RHEL6 |
| 安装软件包 | yum install yum group install |
yum install yum groupinstall |
| 查看软件包 | yum info yum group info |
yum info yum groupinfo |
| 文件系统 | RHEL7 | RHEL6 |
| 建立文件系统 | fdisk parted gdisk | fdisk parted |
| LVM管理 | vgextend lvextend xfs_growfs | vgextend lvextend resize2fs |
| 网络接口配置 | RHEL7 | RHEL6 |
| 配置名称 | /etc/hosts /etc/resolv.conf nmcli conmod |
/etc/hosts /etc/resolv.conf |
| 主机名称配置 | /etc/hostname hostnamectl nmcli |
/etc/sysconfig/network |
| Ip地址配置 | ip addr nmcli dev show teamdctl brctl bridge |
ip add ifconfig brctl |
| 配置防火墙 | firewall-cmd firewall-config |
iptables&ip6tables /etc/sysconfig/ip*tables system-config-firewall |
| 查看端口命令 | ss lsof |
netstat ss lsof |
