Python基本语法--数据结构与运算符

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
print "Hello, Python!";
print ("Hello, Python!");

#行和缩进
if True:
    print "True"
else:
    print "False"


if True:
    print "Answer"
    print "True"
else:
    print "Answer"
    # 没有严格缩进，在执行时保持
    print "False"

#多行语句
item_one=1
item_two=2
item_three=3
total = item_one + \
        item_two + \
        item_three
print total

days = ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday',
        'Thursday', 'Friday']
days

#引号
word = 'word'
sentence = "这是一个句子。"
paragraph = """这是一个段落。
包含了多个语句"""
print word
print sentence
print paragraph

#注释
# 第一个注释
print "Hello, Python!";  # 第二个注释
name = "Madisetti" # 这是一个注释

'''
这是多行注释，使用单引号。
这是多行注释，使用单引号。
这是多行注释，使用单引号。
'''

"""
这是多行注释，使用双引号。
这是多行注释，使用双引号。
这是多行注释，使用双引号。
"""

#空行
raw_input("\n\nPress the enter key to exit.")

import sys; x = 'foo'; sys.stdout.write(x + '\n')

#码组
'''
if expression : 
   suite 
elif expression :  
   suite  
else :  
   suite 
'''

#帮助
help(sys.stdout.write)

#变量赋值
counter = 100 # 赋值整型变量
miles = 1000.0 # 浮点型
name = "John" # 字符串

print counter
print miles
print name

a = b = c = 1
print a,b,c
a, b, c = 1, 2, "john"
print a,b,c

#数字
var1 = 1
var2 = 10

#del var1[,var2[,var3[....,varN]]]]
var=5896419821
var_a=0.22
var_b=3e2
del var
del var_a, var_b

#字符串
#s="a1a2•••an"(n>=0)
s = 'ilovepython'
print s[1:5]
print s[5:-1]

str = 'Hello World!'
print str # 输出完整字符串
print str[0] # 输出字符串中的第一个字符
print str[2:5] # 输出字符串中第三个至第五个之间的字符串
print str[2:] # 输出从第三个字符开始的字符串
print str * 2 # 输出字符串两次
print str + "TEST" # 输出连接的字符串

#列表
list = [ 'abcd', 786 , 2.23, 'john', 70.2 ]
tinylist = [123, 'john']

print list # 输出完整列表
print list[0] # 输出列表的第一个元素
print list[1:3] # 输出第二个至第三个的元素 
print list[2:] # 输出从第三个开始至列表末尾的所有元素
print tinylist * 2 # 输出列表两次
print list + tinylist # 打印组合的列表

#元组
tuple = ( 'abcd', 786 , 2.23, 'john', 70.2 )
tinytuple = (123, 'john')

print tuple # 输出完整元组
print tuple[0] # 输出元组的第一个元素
print tuple[1:3] # 输出第二个至第三个的元素 
print tuple[2:] # 输出从第三个开始至列表末尾的所有元素
print tinytuple * 2 # 输出元组两次
print tuple + tinytuple # 打印组合的元组

tuple = ( 'abcd', 786 , 2.23, 'john', 70.2 )
list = [ 'abcd', 786 , 2.23, 'john', 70.2 ]
tuple[2] = 1000 # 元组中是非法应用
list[2] = 1000 # 列表中是合法应用

#元字典
dict = {}
dict['one'] = "This is one"
dict[2] = "This is two"

tinydict = {'name': 'john','code':6734, 'dept': 'sales'}


print dict['one'] # 输出键为'one' 的值
print dict[2] # 输出键为 2 的值
print tinydict # 输出完整的字典
print tinydict.keys() # 输出所有键
print tinydict.values() # 输出所有值

#算术运算符
a = 21
b = 10
c = 0

c = a + b
print "Line 1 - Value of c is ", c

c = a - b
print "Line 2 - Value of c is ", c 

c = a * b
print "Line 3 - Value of c is ", c 

c = a / b
print "Line 4 - Value of c is ", c 

c = a % b
print "Line 5 - Value of c is ", c

a = 2
b = 3
c = a**b 
print "Line 6 - Value of c is ", c

a = 10
b = 5
c = a//b 
print "Line 7 - Value of c is ", c

#比较运算符
a = 21
b = 10
c = 0

if ( a == b ):
   print "Line 1 - a is equal to b"
else:
   print "Line 1 - a is not equal to b"

if ( a != b ):
   print "Line 2 - a is not equal to b"
else:
   print "Line 2 - a is equal to b"

if ( a <> b ):
   print "Line 3 - a is not equal to b"
else:
   print "Line 3 - a is equal to b"

if ( a < b ):
   print "Line 4 - a is less than b" 
else:
   print "Line 4 - a is not less than b"

if ( a > b ):
   print "Line 5 - a is greater than b"
else:
   print "Line 5 - a is not greater than b"

a = 5;
b = 20;
if ( a <= b ):
   print "Line 6 - a is either less than or equal to  b"
else:
   print "Line 6 - a is neither less than nor equal to  b"

if ( b >= a ):
   print "Line 7 - b is either greater than  or equal to b"
else:
   print "Line 7 - b is neither greater than  nor equal to b"

#赋值运算符
a = 21
b = 10
c = 0

c = a + b
print "Line 1 - Value of c is ", c

c += a
print "Line 2 - Value of c is ", c 

c *= a
print "Line 3 - Value of c is ", c 

c /= a 
print "Line 4 - Value of c is ", c 

c  = 2
c %= a
print "Line 5 - Value of c is ", c

c **= a
print "Line 6 - Value of c is ", c

c //= a
print "Line 7 - Value of c is ", c

#位运算符
a = 60            # 60 = 0011 1100 
b = 13            # 13 = 0000 1101 
c = 0

c = a & b;        # 12 = 0000 1100
print "Line 1 - Value of c is ", c

c = a | b;        # 61 = 0011 1101 
print "Line 2 - Value of c is ", c

c = a ^ b;        # 49 = 0011 0001
print "Line 3 - Value of c is ", c

c = ~a;           # -61 = 1100 0011
print "Line 4 - Value of c is ", c

c = a << 2;       # 240 = 1111 0000
print "Line 5 - Value of c is ", c

c = a >> 2;       # 15 = 0000 1111
print "Line 6 - Value of c is ", c

#逻辑运算符
a = 10
b = 20
c = 0

if ( a and b ):
   print "Line 1 - a and b are true"
else:
   print "Line 1 - Either a is not true or b is not true"

if ( a or b ):
   print "Line 2 - Either a is true or b is true or both are true"
else:
   print "Line 2 - Neither a is true nor b is true"


a = 0
if ( a and b ):
   print "Line 3 - a and b are true"
else:
   print "Line 3 - Either a is not true or b is not true"

if ( a or b ):
   print "Line 4 - Either a is true or b is true or both are true"
else:
   print "Line 4 - Neither a is true nor b is true"

if not( a and b ):
   print "Line 5 - Either a is not true or b is  not true or both are not true"
else:
   print "Line 5 - a and b are true"

#成员运算符
a = 10
b = 20
list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ];

if ( a in list ):
   print "Line 1 - a is available in the given list"
else:
   print "Line 1 - a is not available in the given list"

if ( b not in list ):
   print "Line 2 - b is not available in the given list"
else:
   print "Line 2 - b is available in the given list"

a = 2
if ( a in list ):
   print "Line 3 - a is available in the given list"
else:
   print "Line 3 - a is not available in the given list"

#身份运算符
a = 20
b = 20

if ( a is b ):
   print "Line 1 - a and b have same identity"
else:
   print "Line 1 - a and b do not have same identity"

if ( id(a) == id(b) ):
   print "Line 2 - a and b have same identity"
else:
   print "Line 2 - a and b do not have same identity"

b = 30
if ( a is b ):
   print "Line 3 - a and b have same identity"
else:
   print "Line 3 - a and b do not have same identity"

if ( a is not b ):
   print "Line 4 - a and b do not have same identity"
else:
   print "Line 4 - a and b have same identity"

#运算符优先级
a = 20
b = 10
c = 15
d = 5
e = 0

e = (a + b) * c / d       #( 30 * 15 ) / 5
print "Value of (a + b) * c / d is ",  e

e = ((a + b) * c) / d     # (30 * 15 ) / 5
print "Value of ((a + b) * c) / d is ",  e

e = (a + b) * (c / d);    # (30) * (15/5)
print "Value of (a + b) * (c / d) is ",  e

e = a + (b * c) / d;      #  20 + (150/5)
print "Value of a + (b * c) / d is ",  e